Frontiers and boundaries of pre-modern Japan

Journal of Historical Geography

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 166-182

  Batten, Bruce ^a  

^a J F OBERLIN UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK; BOUNDARY DELIMITATION; HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY; POLITICAL SYSTEM;

JAPAN;

EID: 0033117702     PISSN: 03057488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jhge.1999.0112     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Amino Yoshihiko, Nihonron no shiza (Tokyo 1990) 59. All works in Japanese were published in Tokyo unless otherwise noted.
2. Ishii Susumu et al., Shosetsu Nihonshi (1996) 1.
3. P. Pelletier, La géopolitique surinsulaire du Japon, Hérodote 78-9 (1995) 24-5.
4. This work, which I discovered after initial submission of the present manuscript, contains good discussions of a number of points raised herein. See also P. Pelletier, La Japon (Paris 1997).
5. K. Hanihara, Dual Structure Model for the population history of the Japanese, Japan Review 2 (1991) 1-33;
6. Katayama Kazumichi, The Japanese as an Asia-Pacific population, in D. Denoon et al. (Eds), Multicultural Japan: Palaeolithic to Postmodern (Cambridge 1996) 19-30.
7. H. Tsude, The Kofun period and state formation, Ada Asiatica 63 (1992) 64-86;
8. G. Barnes, Protohistoric Yamato: Archaeology of the First Japanese State (Ann Arbor 1988) 1-33.
9. Amino, op. cit., 59-60.
10. On ethnogenesis in Japan, see M. Hudson, Ruins of identity: ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands, 400 BC to AD 1400 (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Australian National University 1995) and T. Morris-Suzuki, Re-Inventing Japan: Nation, Culture, Identity (New York 1998).
11. Parts of this article were originally published in Japanese. See B. Batten, Kyökai kara no Nihonshi, Gendai Shiso7macr; 24 (1996) 236-52.
12. J. R. V. Prescott, International Frontiers and Boundaries (London 1987) 1, 13.
13. L. K. D. Kristof, The nature of frontiers and boundaries, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 49 (1959) 269-74.
14. A. Giddens, Sociology (Cambridge 1989) 303.
15. B. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism (London 1991) 19.
16. P. J. Taylor, Political Geography: World-Economy, Nation-State and Locality (Harlow 1993), 163-1
17. Ibid., 164.
18. C. R. Whittaker, Frontiers of the Roman Empire: A Social and Economic Study (Baltimore 1994) 10-30.
19. H. Elton, Frontiers of the Roman Empire (Bloomington, Indianapolis 1996) 4.
20. Sakayori Masashi, Chūka shisō no shosō, in Arano Yasunori, et al. (Eds), Ajia no naka no Nihonshi V: Jiishiki to Sogo rikai (1993) 27-8.
21. For general background, also see J. K. Fairbank (Ed.), The Chinese World-Order (Cambridge, Mass. 1968).
22. Ishimoda Shō, Nihon kodai kokka ran 7(1973) 311-28;
23. Sakayori, op. cit., 28-54.
24. R. Tsunoda et al. (Eds), Sources of Japanese Tradition I (New York 1958) 8.
25. Ishimoda, op. cit., 329-59.
26. On Okinoshima, see Okazaki Takashi, Japan and the continent, in D. M. Brown (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Japan I: Ancient Japan (Cambridge 1993) 312-6.
27. B. Batten, Kodai Nihon no kokkyō to Dazaifu, in Chihōshi kyōgikai (Eds), Ikoku to Kyūshū (1992) 63.
28. Regarding the frontiers of the Nara state, see Itó Jun, Kodai kokka no ryódo, ryóiki, in Sató Kazuhiko et al. (Eds), Chizu de tadoru Nihonshi (1995).
29. Formerly many scholars believed that Japan 'ruled' part of the Korean peninsula in the early centuries CE, but this view is now largely discredited, even in Japan. See Yamao Yukihisa, Kodai no Nitchō kankei (1989).
30. On which, see K. Friday, Pushing beyond the pale: the Yamato Conquest of the Emishi and Northern Japan, Journal of Japanese Studies 23.1 (1997) 1-24.
31. R. Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics (New York 1981) 112.
32. Ibid., 146.
33. For an extended argument, see Batten, Kodai Nihon no kokkyō to Dazaifu, 57-9.
34. Ōishi Naomasa, Sotogahama, Ezoshima kō, in Seki Akira sense! kanreki kinenkai (Eds), Nihon kodaishi kenkyū (1980) 568-74;
35. Murai Shōsuke, Ajia no naka no chūsei Nihon (1988) 114-5.
36. Murai, op. cit., 108-16 (quotation on p. 111).
37. B. Batten, Dazaifu no kokkyō kinō, in Shinkawa Tokio (Ed.), Kodai ōken to kōryū 8: Saikai to Nantō no seikatsu, bunka (1995) 384-5.
38. The term 'boundary functions' comes from S. W. Boggs, International Boundaries: A Study of Boundary Functions and Problems (New York 1940).
39. Batten, Kodai Nihon no kokkyō to Dazaifu, 64-6.
40. In English, see B. Batten, State and frontier in early Japan (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford 1989).
41. On boundary powers, see Kikuchi Isao, Ainu minzoku to Nihonjin (1994).
42. Kaiho Mineo, Chūsei no Ezochi (1987) 198.
43. For background on medieval foreign relations, see Kawazoe Shōji, Japan and East Asia, in K. Yamamura (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Japan 3: Medieval Japan (Cambridge 1990) 396-446.
44. Murai Shōsuke, Chūsei Wajinden (1993) 39.
45. For an overview of archaeological evidence, see Otsuka Hatsushige et al. (Eds), Kōkogaku ni yoru Nihon rekishi 10: Taigai kōshō (1997).
46. Katsumata Shizuo, 15-16 seiki no Nihon, in Iwanami kōza Nihon tsūshi 10: Chūsei 4 (1994) 27-33.
47. M. Cooper (Ed.), They Came to Japan: An Anthology of European Reports on Japan, 1543-1640 (Berkeley 1965).
48. On the invasions, see M. E. Berry, Hideyoshi (Cambridge, Mass. 1982) 207-17.
49. On the Japanese-style middle kingdom order, see Arano Yasunori, Kinsei Nihon to Higashi Ajia (1988) 3-65.
50. Arano, op. cit., 161-2;
51. Tsuruta Kei, Kinsei Nihon no yottsu no 'kuchi', in Arano et al. (Eds.), Ajia no naka no Nihonshi 2: Gaikō to sensō (1992) 297-316.
52. Kaiho, op. cit., 265-7.
53. Arano, Kinsei Nihon to Higashi Ajia, 191-222;
54. R. P. Toby, State and Diplomacy in Early Modem Japan (Princeton 1984) 76-83.
55. Arano Yasunori, Kaikin to sakoku, in Ajia no naka no Nihonshi 2: Gaikō to sensō 191-222;
56. Toby, op. cit., 3-22.
57. Kaiho, op. cit., 241-4-;
58. R. L. Edmonds, Northern Frontiers of Qing China and Tokugawa Japan (Chicago 1985) 49, 88.
59. On the relation between ethnie and political boundaries during the Edo period, see D. L. Howell, Ainu Ethnicity and the Boundaries of the Early Modern Japanese State, Past and Present 142 (1994) 69-93.
60. Kaiho, op. cit., 269-82.
61. Kaiho, op. cit., 15, 26-7,
62. 30; Edmonds, op. cit., 85-112.
63. A similar phenomenon can be noted in the relationship of the Ryukyu kingdom to the lords of Satsuma, although here the dependency had been more explicit from the start as a result of Satsuma's military invasion of Ryukyu in 1609. See Kikuchi, op. cit., 65-147;
64. R. Siddle, Race, Resistance and the Ainu of Japan (London 1996) 32-8;
65. T. Morris-Suzuki, Creating the frontier: border, identity and history in Japan's Far North, East Asian History 7 (1994) 4-8.
66. Kikuchi, op. cit., 233-59;
67. Morris-Suzuki, op. cit., 8-9.