Thaumasite - Background and nature in deterioration of cements, mortars and concretes

Cement and Concrete Composites

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 117-121

  Bensted, John ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cement; Concrete; Mortar; Thaumasite

Indexed keywords

BINDERS; CEMENT ADDITIVES; CHEMICAL ATTACK; CONCRETE AGGREGATES; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION; DETERIORATION; FILLERS; LIMESTONE; MECHANICAL PERMEABILITY; MORTAR; PORTLAND CEMENT; STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS;

SULFATE ATTACK; THAUMASITE;

SILICATE MINERALS;

EID: 0033115201     PISSN: 09589465     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0958-9465(97)00076-0     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Ramdohr P, Strunz H. Klockmanns Lehrbuch der Mineralogie, 15 Auflage. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke, 1967.
2. Hinz W. Silikate-Grundlagen der Silikatwissenschaft und Silikattechnik, Band 1. Die Silikate und ihre Untersuchungsmethoden. Berlin: Verlag für Bauwesen, 1970.
3. Varma SP, Bensted J. Studies of thaumasite. Silicates Industriels 1973:38(2):29-32.
4. Erlin B, Stark DC. Identification and occurrence of thaumasite in concrete. Highway Research Record 1965;115:108-113.
5. Vogt T. Thaumasite from Sulitelma, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 1938;18:291-303.
6. Brú L, Cubero M, Pérez Rodriguez M. Determinación de estructuras por el método directe mediante la máquina de Eller. Anales de la Real Sociedad Española de Física y Química Serie A 1954;50(1-2):105-106.
7. Brú L, Cubero M, López A. Función de Patterson tridimensional de la thaumasita. Anales de la Real Sociedad Española de Física y Química Serie A 1957;53(1-2):67-76.
8. 2O. Arkiv för Mineralogi och Geologie, Sverige 1956;2:137-147.
9. Font-Altaba M. A thermal study of thaumasite. Mineralogical Magazine 1960;32:567-572.
10. Moenke H. Ein weiteres Mineral mit Silizium in 6er-Koordination: Thaumasit. Naturwissenschaften 1964;51:239.
11. Moenke H. Mineralspektren II. Tafel 6.164. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1966.
12. Lyon RJP. Infrared confirmation of 6-fold co-ordination of silicon in stishovite. Nature (London) 1963;196:266-267.
13. 2O. Mineralogical Magazine 1968; 36:1003-1011.
14. Bensted J, Prakash Varma S. Studies of thaumasite - Part II. Silicates Industriels 1974;39:11-19.
15. 2- groups. Nature (London) 1969;224:363-364.
16. Laffaille A, Protas J. Nouvelles données sur la structure de la thaumasite. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Sciences de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, Série D 1970;270:2151-2154.
17. 3). Acta Crystallographica B 1971;27:594-601.
18. Portnov AM, Solntsev BP. Thaumasite from the Kola Peninsula (in Russian). Trudy Mineralogicheskovo Muzeya im. A.E. Fersmana, Akademiya Nauk SSR 1971:20:217-220.
19. Fortnum D, Edwards IO. The Raman spectrum and the structure of the aqueous silicate ion. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 1956;2:264-265.
20. Bensted J. Uses of Raman spectroscopy in cement chemistry. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 1976;59:140-143.
21. Bensted J. Alcuni studi strumentali sull'idratazione del cemento Portland - Parte 1: spettroscopia Raman. Some instrumental investigations of Portland cement hydration - Part 1: Raman spectroscopy. Il Cemento 1979;76(2):67-74.
22. Bensted J. Characterisation of sulphate bands in the IR-spectra of minerals. Naturwissenschaften 1976;:63:193.
23. Bensted J. Caratterizzazione delle bande d'onda dei solfati negli spettri infrarossi dei minerali di cemento. Characterisation of sulphate wavebands in the infrared spectra of cement minerals. Il Cemento 1990;87(3):137-146.
24. Derkosch J. Methoden der Analyse in der Chemie Band 5. Absorptionsspektralanalyse in ultravioletten, sichtbaren und infraroten Gebiet. Frankfurt am Main: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, 1967.
25. Nakamoto K. Infrared and Raman spectra of inorganic and co-ordination compounds, 4th edition. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1986.
26. 1H} cross polarisation magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. Advances in Cement Research 1995;7:69-83.
27. Bensted J. Problemi che si verificano nell'identificazione delle thaumasite. Problems arising in the identification of thaumasite. Il Cemento 1977;74(3):81-90.
28. Bensted J. Fase ferritica - Uno studio spettroscopio all'infrarosso. The ferrite phase - an infrared spectroscopic study. Il Cemento 1976;73(1):45-51.
29. Bensted J, Varma SP. Silicaten met silicium in zes-coordinatië met zuurstof. Klei en Keramiek 1973;23(4):66-69.
30. Strunz H. Die Beziehungen der Isotypie zwischen Silikaten und Germanaten. Versuch einer Germanat Klassifikation. Naturwissenschaften 1960;47(7):194-195.
31. Crammond NJ, Halliwell MA. The thaumasite form of sulphate attack in concretes containing a source of carbonate ions-a microstructural overview. ACI SP-154-19. 2nd CANMET/ACI International Symposium for Advances in Concrete Technology, Las Vegas, Nevada, 12 June 1995, pp. 357-380. American Concrete Institute, Washington DC (1995).
32. Bensted J. Taumasite - un prodotto di deterioramento delle strutture di cemento indurito. Thaumasite - a deterioration product of hardened cement structures. Il Cemento 1988;85(1):3-10.