Between globalization and localization: A case study of human rights versus state sovereignty

Global Governance

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 203-219

  Jacobsen, Michael ^a   Lawson, Stephanie ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033114734     PISSN: 10752846     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/19426720-00502004     Document Type: Review

References (29)

1. See United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, States of Disarray: The Social Effects of Globalization (Report for the World Summit for Social Development, Geneva), 1994.
2. Joseph A. Camilleri and Jim Falk, The End of Sovereignty: The Politics of a Shrinking and Fragmented World (Aldershot, England: Edward Elgar, 1992), p. 255.
3. David Held and Anthony McGrew, "Globalization and the Liberal Democratic State," Government and Opposition 28, no. 2 (spring 1993): 261.
4. For further detailed discussion, see David P. Forsythe, "The UN and Human Rights at Fifty: An Incremental but Incomplete Revolution," Global Governance 1, no. 3 (Sept.-Dec. 1995): 297-318.
5. Sidney Jones, "Regional Institutions for Protecting Human Rights in Asia," Australian Journal of International Affairs 50, no. 3 (November 1996): 273.
6. For a good general discussion, see Paul Keal, "The Nature of International Morality," Asian Studies Review 16, no. 1 (July 1992): 8-15.
7. See Ann Kent, "The Limits of Ethics in International Politics: The International Human Rights Regime," Asian Studies Review 16, no. 1 (July 1992): 27.
8. See Melville J. Herskovits, "Cultural Relativism and Cultural Values," in John Ladd, ed., Ethical Relativism (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1973), p. 74.
9. Thomas Donaldson, "Kant's Global Rationalism," in Terry Nardin and David Mapel, eds., Traditions of International Ethics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), p. 143.
10. See Jennifer Schirmer, "The Dilemma of Cultural Diversity and Equivalency in Human Rights Standards," in Theodore E. Downing and Gilbert Kushner, eds., Human Rights and Anthropology, Cultural Survival Report No. 24 (Cambridge, Mass.: Cultural Survival, 1988), especially pp. 94-95.
11. Although significant changes have been under way in East and Southeast Asia, where rapid economic transformations are bringing about wider structural and cultural transformations as well.
12. Ellen Messer, "Anthropology and Human Rights," Annual Review of Anthropology 22 (1993): 228-229.
13. See Stephanie Lawson, "Culture, Relativism and Democracy: Political Myths About 'Asia' and the 'West,'" in Richard Robison, ed., Pathways to Asia: The Politics of Engagement (St. Leonard's, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1996), pp. 108-128.
14. Henry J. Steiner, "Cultural Relativism and the Attitude of Certain Asian Countries Toward the Universality of Human Rights," Senate Occasional Lecture Series, Canberra, 26 August 1994, pp. 12-13.
15. Kay B. Warren, "Introduction: Revealing Conflicts Across Cultures and Disciplines," in Kay B. Warren, ed., The Violence Within: Culture and Political Opposition in Divided Nations (Boulder: Westview, 1993), pp. 1, 4.
16. For accounts of these problems in the colonial and immediate postindependence period, see R. J. May, ed., Micronationalist Movements in Papua New Guinea (Canberra: Department of Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1982).
17. See Appendix 6 in Commonwealth of Australia, Bougainville: A Pacific Solution, Report of the Visit of the Australian Parliamentary Delegation to Bougainville, 18-24 April 1994 (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1994). Note, however, that the same report details allegations of severe abuses by members of the Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA) and observes that popular support for the BRA had declined significantly.
18. Sinclair Dinnen, "Papua New Guinea in 1994 - The Most Turbulent Year?" Current Issues in Criminal Justice 6, no. 3 (1995): 406. At the time of writing, the establishment of a human rights commission is still only a prospect. This is due in part to Papua New Guinea's severe financial problems and an increasing difficulty in supplying even the most basic services to the general population.
19. Kenneth Read, "Leadership and Consensus in a New Guinea Society," American Anthropologist 61 (1959): 425-436.
20. For a more detailed discussion of Dom social organization, see Michael Jacobsen, Human Rights and Cultural Specificity: The Case of Papua New Guinea, Working Paper No. 1994/8 (Canberra: Department of International Relations, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1994).
21. A detailed empirical study of Dom pasin is pending further research, so this point is speculative rather than firmly established. However, a pluralist approach capable of accommodating cultural specificity in relation to the wider context of governance has been put forward in Stephanie Lawson, "Democracy and the Problem of Cultural Relativism: Normative Issues for International Politics," Global Society 12, no. 2 (1998): 251-270.
22. Amnesty International, Papua New Guinea: Human Rights Commission Mooted (ASA 34/01/94, 5 October 1994), p. 1.
23. Fieldwork notes, March 1995.
24. Cited in Camilleri and Falk, The End of Sovereignty, p. 11.
25. Ibid., pp. 11-12.
26. It has been pointed out that the UN Security Council has developed a justification for a more proactive role (at least potentially) in humanitarian intervention whereby the council "can order a series of steps to correct rights violations" by a redefinition in 1992 of the concept of international peace and security in quite sweeping terms. See Forsythe, "The UN and Human Rights," p. 310.
27. Thomas G. Weiss and Larry Minear, "Military Force and Humanitarian Action: Commentary," in Thomas G. Weiss and Larry Minear, eds., Humanitarianism Across Borders: Sustaining Civilians in Time of War (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1993), p. 61. See also Jarat Chopra and Thomas G. Weiss, "Sovereignty Is No Longer Sacrosanct: Codifying Humanitarian Intervention," Ethics and International Affairs 6 (1992): 96.
28. Thomas G. Weiss and Larry Minear, "Military Force and Humanitarian Action: Commentary," in Thomas G. Weiss and Larry Minear, eds., Humanitarianism Across Borders: Sustaining Civilians in Time of War (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1993), p. 61. See also Jarat Chopra and Thomas G. Weiss, "Sovereignty Is No Longer Sacrosanct: Codifying Humanitarian Intervention," Ethics and International Affairs 6 (1992): 96.
29. For a detailed argument, see Stephanie Lawson, "The Politics of Authenticity: Ethnonationalist Conflict and the State," in Kumar Rupesinghe, ed., Conflict Transformation (London: Macmillan, 1995), pp. 116-142.