A nonverbal false belief task: The performance of children and great apes

Child Development

Volumn 70, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 381-395

  Call, Josep ^a   Tomasello, Michael ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMAL; ANTHROPOIDEA; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; CHILD PSYCHOLOGY; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MOTIVATION; NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION; PAN TROGLODYTES; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RECUMBENCY; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; VERBAL BEHAVIOR;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; CHILD PSYCHOLOGY; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CUES; CULTURE; DECEPTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MOTIVATION; NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION; PAN TROGLODYTES; PONGO PYGMAEUS; PROBLEM SOLVING; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; VERBAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 0033091351     PISSN: 00093920     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00028     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Astington, J. W., & Gopnik, A. (1988). Children's understanding of representational change and its relation to the understanding of false belief and the appearance-reality distinction. Child Development, 59, 26-37.
2. Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a "theory of mind"? Cognition, 21, 37-46.
3. Boesch, C., & Boesch, H. (1989). Hunting behavior of wild chimpanzees in the Tai Forest National Park. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 78, 547-573.
4. Call, J., & Rochat, P. (1997). Perceptual strategies in the estimation of physical quantities by orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 111, 315-329.
5. Call, J., & Tomasello, M. (1994). Production and comprehension of referential pointing by orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 108, 307-317.
6. Chandler, M., Fritz, A. S., & Hala, S. (1989). Small-scale deceit: deception as a marker of two, three-, and four-year-olds' early theories of mind. Child Development, 60, 1263-1277.
7. Chandler, M., & Hala, S. (1994). The role of personal involvement in the assessment of early false belief skills. In C. Lewis & P. Mitchell (Eds.), Children's early understanding of mind (pp. 403-425). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
8. Clements, W. A., & Perner, J. (1994). Implicit understanding of belief. Cognitive Development, 9, 377-395.
9. Flavell, J. H., Flavell, E. R., & Green, F. L. (1983). Development of the apperance-reality distinction. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 95-120.
10. Harcourt, A. H. (1992). Coalitions and alliances: are primates more complex than non-primates? In A. H. Harcourt & F. B. M. de Waal (Eds.), Coalitions and alliances in human and nonhuman animals (pp. 445-471). New York: John Wiley and Sons.
11. Lewis, C., Freeman, N. H., Hagestadt, C., & Douglas, H. (1994). Narrative access and production in preschoolers' false belief reasoning. Cognitive Development, 9, 397-424.
12. Miles, H. L. W. (1990). The cognitive foundations for reference in a signing orangutan. In S. T. Parker & K. R. Gibson (Eds.), "Language" and intelligence in monkeys and apes. (pp. 511-539). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13. Mitchell, P. (1997). Introduction to theory of mind. Children, autism and apes. London: Arnold.
14. Moore, C., Jarrold, C., Russell, J., Lumb, A., Sapp, F., & MacCallum, F. (1995). Conflicting desire and the child's theory of mind. Cognitive Development, 10, 467-482.
15. Moore, C., Pure, K., & Furrow, D. (1990). Children's understanding of the modal expression of speaker certainty and uncertainty and its relation to the development of a representational theory of mind. Child Development, 61, 722-730.
16. Ferner, J., Leekam, S., & Wimmer, H. (1987). Three-year-olds' difficulty with false belief: The case for a conceptual deficit. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 5, 125-137.
17. Piaget, J. (1929). The child's conception of the world. New York: Littlefield, Adams, & Co.
18. Povinelli, D. J. (1994). Comparative studies of animal mental state attribution: a reply to Heyes. Animal Behaviour, 48, 239-241.
19. Povinelli, D. J., & Eddy, T. J. (1996). What young chimpanzees know about seeing. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 61(3, Serial No. 247).
20. Povinelli, D. J., Nelson, K. E., & Boysen, S. T. (1990). Inferences about guessing and knowing by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 104, 203-210.
21. Povinelli, D. J., Rulf, A. B., & Bierschwale, D. T. (1994). Absence of knowledge attribution and self-recognition in young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 108, 74-80.
22. Premack, D. (1988). 'Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?' revisited. In R. W. Byrne, & A. Whiten (Eds.), Machiavellian intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution of intellect in monkeys, apes, and humans (pp. 160-179). New York: Oxford University Press.
23. Robinson, E. J., & Mitchell, P. (1992). Children's interpretation of messages from a speaker with a false belief. Child Development, 63, 639-652.
24. Robinson, E. J., & Mitchell, P. (1994). Young children's false-belief reasoning: Interpretation of messages is no easier than the classic task. Developmental Psychology, 30, 67-72.
25. Robinson, E. J., & Mitchell, P. (1995). Masking of children's early understanding of the representational mind: Backwards explanation versus prediction. Child Development, 66, 1022-1039.
26. Russell, J., Jarrold, C., & Potel, D. (1994). What makes strategic deception difficult for children - the deception or the strategy? British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 12, 1-14.
27. Siegal, M., & Beattie, K. (1991). Where to look first for children's knowledge of false beliefs. Cognition, 38, 1-12.
28. Sodian, B., Taylor, C., Harris, P., & Perner, J. (1991). Early deception and the child's theory of mind: False trails and genuine markers. Child Development, 62, 468-483.
29. Tomasello, M., & Call, J. (1994). Social cognition of monkeys and apes. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 37, 273-305.
30. Tomasello, M., & Call, J. (1997). Primate cognition. New York: Oxford University Press.
31. Tomasello, M., Call, J., & Hare, B. H. (1998). Five primate species follow the visual gaze of conspecifics. Animal Behaviour, 55, 1063-1069.
32. Tomasello, M., Call, J., Nagell, K., Olguin, R., & Carpenter, M. (1994). The learning and use of gestural signals by young chimpanzees: A trans-generational study. Primates, 35, 137-154.
33. Wellman, H. M., & Bartsch, K. (1988). Young children's reasoning about beliefs. Cognition, 30, 239-277.
34. Whiten, A., & Ham, R. (1992). On the nature and evolution of imitation in the animal kingdom: Reappraisal of a century of research. In P. Slater, J. S. Rosenblatt, C. Beer, & M. Milinsky (Eds.), Advances in the study of behavior (pp. 239-283). New York: Academic Press.
35. Wimmer, H., & Perner, J. (1983). Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception. Cognition, 13, 103-128.
36. Woodruff, G., & Premack, D. (1979). Intentional communication in the chimpanzee: The development of deception. Cognition, 7, 333-362.