Sex and gender in the college classroom: A quantitative analysis of faculty-student interactions and perceptions

Journal of Educational Psychology

Volumn 91, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 127-145

  Brady, Kristine L ^a   Eisler, Richard M ^b  

^a RIDER UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033084377     PISSN: 00220663     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.91.1.127     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Ancis, J. R., & Phillips, S. D. (1996). Academic gender bias and women's behavioral agency self-efficacy. Journal of Counseling and Development, 75, 131-137.
2. Ashkanasy, N. M. (1994). Automatic categorization and causal attribution: The effect of gender bias in supervisor responses to subordinate performance. Australian Journal of Psychology, 46, 177-182.
3. Bailey, S. M. (1993). The current status of gender equity in American school. Educational Psychologist, 28, 321-339.
4. Borich, G. D., & Tombari, M. L. (1997). Educational psychology: A contemporary approach (2nd ed.). New York: Longman.
5. Brady, K. L. (1995). The effects of gender on the behaviors and perceptions of students and instructors in the college classroom. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
6. Brady, K. L., & Eisler, R. M. (1995). Gender bias in the college classroom: A critical review of the literature and implications for future research. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 29, 9-19.
7. Buss, D. M. (1995). Psychological sex differences. American Psychologist, 50, 159-161.
8. Canada, K., & Pringle, R. (1995). The role of gender in college classroom interactions: A social context approach. Sociology of Education, 68, 161-186.
9. Chiosso, R., & Tizard, J. (1990). Women and girls on engineering and construction courses in further education. Vocational Aspect of Education, 42(113), 101-107.
10. Christensen, D., & Rosenthal, R. (1982). Gender and nonverbal decoding skill as determinants of interpersonal expectancy effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 75-87.
11. Condry, J. C., & Ross, D. F. (1985). Sex and aggression: The influence of gender label on the perception of aggression in children. Child Development, 56, 225-233.
12. Condry, S. M., Condry, J. C., & Pogatshnik, L. W. (1983). Sex differences: A study of the ear of the beholder. Sex Roles, 9(6), 697-704.
13. Constantinople, A., Cornelius, R., & Gray, J. (1988). The chilly climate: Fact or artifact? Journal of Higher Education, 59, 527-550.
14. Cranston, P. (1989). Sex differences in undergraduates' experiences of campus micro-inequalities. Journal of College Student Development, 30, 313-319.
15. Crawford, M., & MacLeod, M. (1990). Gender in the college classroom: An assessment of the "chilly climate" for women. Sex Roles, 23(3-4), 101-122.
16. Eagly, A. H. (1995). The science and politics of comparing men and women. American Psychologist, 50, 145-158.
17. Ely, R. J. (1994). The effects of organizational demographics and social identity on relationships among professional women. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39, 203-238.
18. Ely, R. J. (1995). The power in demography: Women's social constructions of gender identity at work. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 589-634.
19. Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
20. Foxley, C. H. (1988). Sexism: Still an issue in education. In A. Carelli (Ed.), Sex equity in education: Readings and strategies (pp. 95-108). Springfield IL: Charles C Thomas.
21. Fraser, B. J., & Treagust, D. F. (1986). Validity and use of an instrument for assessing classroom psychosocial environment in higher education. Higher Education, 15, 37-57.
22. Freeman, H. R. (1994). Student evaluations of college instructors: Effects of type of course taught, instructor gender and gender role, and student gender. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 627-630.
23. Funderburk, M. W. (1994). Classroom climate in teacher education courses: Students' perceptions. College Student Journal, 28, 492-499.
24. Gutek, B. A., & Cohen, A. G. (1987). Sex ratios, sex role spillover, and sex at work: A comparison of men's and women's experiences. Human Relations, 40(2), 97-115.
25. Hall, R., & Sandler, B. (1982). The classroom climate: A chilly one for women? Washington DC: Project on the Status and Education of Women, Association of American Colleges.
26. Hartman, D. P. (1984). Assessment strategies. In D. H. Barlow & M. Hersen (Eds.), Single case experimental designs: Strategies for studying behavior change (2nd ed., pp. 107-139). New York: Pergamon Press.
27. Harvey, G., & Hergert, L. F. (1986). Strategies for achieving sex equity in education. Theory Into Practice, 25, 290-299.
28. Heller, J. F., Puff, C. R., & Mills, C. J. (1985). Assessment of the chilly college climate for women. Journal of Higher Education, 56, 446-461.
29. Jacobs, J. E., & Wigfield, A. (1989). Sex equity in mathematics and science education: Research-policy links. Educational Psychology Review, 1(1), 39-56.
30. Krupnick, C. G. (1985). Women and men in the classroom: Inequality and its remedies. In M. M. Gullette (Ed.), On teaching and learning (pp. 18-25). Cambridge, MA: Harvard-Danforth Center for Teaching and Learning.
31. Long, J. E. (1986). The effects of teacher sex equity and effectiveness training on classroom interaction at the university level. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, American University.
32. Miltenberger, R. (1997). Behavior modification: Principles and procedures. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
33. Omvig, C. P. (1989). Teacher/student classroom interaction in vocational education: A sex bias/sex stereotyping project. Lexington: Kentucky University, Division of Vocational Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 342 943)
34. Pearson, J. C., & West, R. (1991). An initial investigation of the effects of gender on student questions in the classroom: Developing a descriptive base. Communication Education, 40(1), 22-32.
35. Perrine, R. M. (1998). Students' views of the characteristics of instructors' approachability. Psychological Reports, 82, 519-525.
36. Sadker, D., & Sadker, M. (1986). Sexism in the classroom: From grade school to graduate school. Phi Delta Kappan, 67, 512-515.
37. Sadker, M., Bauchner, J., Sadker, D., & Hergert, L. (1981). Observer's manual for INTERSECT: Interactions for sex equity in classroom teaching. Washington, DC: United States Department of Education.
38. Sadker, M., & Sadker, D. (1985). Is the OK classroom OK? Phi Delta Kappan, 55, 358-361.
39. Sadker, M., & Sadker, D. (1992). Ensuring equitable participation in college classes. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 49, 49-56.
40. Sadker, M., Sadker, D., & Klein, S. S. (1986). Abolishing misperceptions about sex equity in education. Theory Into Practice, 25(4), 219-226.
41. Sandler, B. (1986). The classroom climate revisted: Chilly for women faculty, administrators, and graduate students. Washington, DC: Project on the Status and Education of Women, Association of American Colleges.
42. Sandler, B., & Hoffman, E. (1992). Teaching faculty members to be better teachers. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges.
43. Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R. L., & Stapp, J. (1974). The Personal Attributes Questionnaire: A measure of sex-role stereotypes and masculinity-femininity. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 4, 127.
44. Stabb, S. D., Cox, D. L., & Harber, J. L. (1997). Gender-related therapist attributions in couples therapy: A preliminary multiple case study investigation. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 23, 335-346.
45. Stevens, J. (1992). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (2nd ed.) Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
46. Tannen, D. (1990). You just don't understand: Men and women in conversation. New York: Ballantine Books.
47. Thorne, B. (1989). Rethinking the ways we teach. In C. S. Pearson, D. L. Shavlik, & J. G. Touchton (Eds.), Educating the majority: Women challenge tradition in higher education. New York: Collier Macmillan.
48. Tryon, W. W. (1998). Behavioral observation. In A. S. Bellack & M. Hersen (Eds.), Behavioral assessment: A practical handbook (pp. 79-103). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
49. Vahala, M. E., & Winston, R. B. (1994). College classroom environments: Disciplinary and institutional-type differences and effects on academic achievement in introductory courses. Innovative Higher Education, 19(2), 99-122.
50. Williams, D. (1990). Is the post-secondary classroom a chilly one for women? A review of the literature. Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 23, 29-41.
51. Wittig, M. A. (1985). Sex-role norms and gender-related attainment values: Their role in attributions of success and failure. Sex Roles, 12(1-2), 1-13.
52. Wood, J. T., & Lenze, L. F. (1991). Strategies to enhance gender sensitivity in communication education. Communication Education, 40, 16-21.
53. Worrall, N., & Tsarna, H. (1987). Teachers' reported practices toward girls and boys in science and language classes. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 57(3), 300-312.
54. Yepez, M. E. (1994). An observation of gender-specific teacher behavior in the ESL classroom. Sex Roles, 30(1/2), 121-133.