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Volumn 38, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 395-397

Total synthesis of (-)-strychnine via the Wieland - Gumlich aldehyde

Author keywords

Alkaloids; Asymmetric synthesis; Nitrogen heterocycles; Palladium; Total synthesis

Indexed keywords

ALDEHYDE; ALKALOID; HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND; NITROGEN DERIVATIVE; PALLADIUM; STRYCHNINE;

EID: 0033082707     PISSN: 14337851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990201)38:3<395::AID-ANIE395>3.0.CO;2-5     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (81)

References (34)
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    • The numbering system and ring labeling used throughout this paper is based on the biogenetic interrelationship of indole alkaloids: J. Le Men, W. I. Taylor, Experientia 1965, 21, 508-510.
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    • In a preliminary study, this amine proved to be the most efficient chiral auxiliary for the enantioselective preparation of cis-3a-(2-nitrophenyl)octahydroindol-4-ones: D. Solé, J. Bosch, J. Bonjoch, Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 4013-4028.
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    • note
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    • It was expected that the transient alkylpalladium intermediate arising from the cyclization, which has no β-hydrogen atom available for β-elimination, was stable enough to allow intermolecular trapping with CO; for related processes, see R. Grigg, P. Kennewell, A. Teasdale, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 7789-7792; E. Negishi, C. Coperet, S. Ma. T. Mita, T. Sugihara, J. M. Tour, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5904- 5918.
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    • It was expected that the transient alkylpalladium intermediate arising from the cyclization, which has no β-hydrogen atom available for β- elimination, was stable enough to allow intermolecular trapping with CO; for related processes, see R. Grigg, P. Kennewell, A. Teasdale, Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 7789-7792; E. Negishi, C. Coperet, S. Ma. T. Mita, T. Sugihara, J. M. Tour, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5904-5918.
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    • note
    • 2O) under a variety of experimental conditions.
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    • [12b] the azatricyclic compound 5 was the only isolable compound (<%);
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    • a) In the Heck reaction with electron-deficient olefins, two competing reaction pathways can operate, namely, substitution (which involves β-H elimination) and 1.4-conjugate addition (which involves reduction of the σ-alkylpalladium intermediate); see, for example, G. K. Friestad, B. P. Branchaud, Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 5933-5936; H. Hagiwara, Y. Eda, K. Morohashi, T. Suzuki, M. Ando, N. Ito, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4055-4058, and references therein;
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    • and references therein
    • a) In the Heck reaction with electron-deficient olefins, two competing reaction pathways can operate, namely, substitution (which involves β- H elimination) and 1.4-conjugate addition (which involves reduction of the σ-alkylpalladium intermediate); see, for example, G. K. Friestad, B. P. Branchaud, Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 5933-5936; H. Hagiwara, Y. Eda, K. Morohashi, T. Suzuki, M. Ando, N. Ito, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 4055-4058, and references therein;
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    • Hagiwara, H.1    Eda, Y.2    Morohashi, K.3    Suzuki, T.4    Ando, M.5    Ito, N.6
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    • note
    • [4b] involves a nonreductive intramolecular Heck reaction from a tetracyclic ABCE intermediate.
  • 32
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    • note
    • [6d] we have also completed the synthesis of the racemic Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde.
  • 34
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    • note
    • This ee value is in agreement with the optical purity of 2, which was prepared from an (S)-1-phenylethylamine with about 96 % ee and used as a 97:3 mixture (according to HPLC analysis) of cis diastereomers.


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