Cf4 and the age of mesospheric and polar vortex air

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 295-298

  Harnisch, Jochen ^a,b   Borchers, Reinhard ^a   Fabian, Peter ^c,e   Maiss, Manfred ^d  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR SONNENSYSTEMFORSCHUNG   (Germany)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^d MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^e Universtät München   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IONOSPHERE; ROCKETS; SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE; ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; GAS EMISSIONS; MIXING; SAMPLING; TROPOSPHERE; VORTEX FLOW;

AGE OF AIR; AIR SAMPLES; ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME; FLYING AIRCRAFT; GLOBAL EMISSIONS; MIXING RATIOS; NORTHERN HEMISPHERES; POLAR VORTEX; POLAR VORTEX AIR; TETRAFLUOROMETHANE; TROPOSPHERIC MIXING RATIO CHRONOLOGY;

VORTEX FLOW; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS;

CHRONOLOGY; FLUOROCARBON; MESOSPHERE; POLAR VORTEX; RESIDENCE TIME;

EID: 0033080380     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1998GL900307     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Bacmeister, J.T., D.E. Siskind, M.E. Summers, S.E. Eckermann; Age of air in a zonally averaged two dimensional model; J. Geophys. Res., 103, pp. 11263-11288, 1998.
2. Bischof, W., R. Borchers, P. Fabian, B.C. Krüger; Increased concentration and vertical distribution of carbon dioxide in the stratosphere; Nature, 316, pp. 708-710, 1985.
3. Boering, K.A., S.C. Wofsy, B.C. Daube, H.R. Schneider, M. Loewenstein, J.R. Podolske, T.J. Conway; Stratospheric mean ages and transport rates from observations of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, Science, 274, pp. 1340-1343, 1996.
4. Duscha, H.; Quellgasmessungen mit Hilfe der Kryotechnik in der oberen Stratosphäre und unteren Mesosphäre; Ph.D.-thesis, University of Cologne; 1989.
5. Duscha, H., R. Borchers, P. Fabian, W. Bischof; First results of RASMUS: source gases in the mesosphere; Adv. Space. Res., 10, No. 6, pp. 77-81, 1990.
6. Elkins, J.W. et al.; Airborne gas chromatograph for in situ measurements of long-lived species in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere; Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, pp. 347-350, 1996.
7. Hall, T.M. und R.A. Plumb; Age as a diagnostics of stratospheric transport; J Geophys. Res., 99, pp. 1059-1070, 1994.
8. 6; J. Geophys. Res., 103, pp. 13327-13336, 1998.
9. Harnisch, J., R. Borchers, P. Fabian, H.W. Gäggeler, U. Schotterer; Effect of natural tetrafluoromethane; Nature, 384, p. 32, 1996a.
10. 6 dated stratospheric air; Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, pp. 1099-1102, 1996b.
11. 2 - due to tropical deep convection?; Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, pp. 63-66, 1998.
12. 6 on Earth; Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, pp. 2401-2404, 1998.
13. Harnisch, J, I. Sue Wing, H.D. Jacoby, R.G. Prinn; Primary Aluminum Production: Climate Policy, Emissibns and Costs; Extraction and Processing Division Congress 1999, The Minerals Metals and Materials Society (TMS), 1999 (in press).
14. IPAI; Anode effect and PFC emission survey 1990-1993; International Primary Aluminium Institute, London, 1996.
15. 2O by the NIMBUS 7 SAMS: A comparison with in situ data and two-dimensional numerical model calculations; J. Geophys. Res. 89, pp. 5263-5279, 1984.
16. Ko, M.K.W., N.D. Sze, W.C. Wang, G. Shia, A. Goldman, F.J. Murcray, D.G. Murcray, C.P. Rinsland; Atmospheric sulfur hexafluoride: sources, sinks and greenhouse warming; J. Geophys. Res., 98, pp. 10499-10507, 1993.
17. Leber, B.P.; A.T. Tabereaux, J. Marks, B. Lamb, T. Howard, R. Kantemaneni, M. Gibbs, V. Bakshi, E.J. Dolin; Perfluorocarbon (PFC) generation at primary aluminum smelters; Light Metals 1998, pp. 277-285, 1998.
18. Ravishankara, A.R., S. Solomon, A.A. Turnipseed, R.F. Warren; Atmospheric lifetimes of long-lived halogenated species; Science, 259, pp. 194-199, 1993.
19. 14; Geophys Res Lett, 22, pp. 815-818, 1995.
20. Russell, J.M., M. Luo, R.J. Cicerone, L.E. Deaver; Satellite confirmation of the dominance of chlorofluorocarbons in the global stratospheric chlorine budget; Nature, 379, pp. 526-529, 1996.
21. Schmidt, U. and A. Khedim; In-situ measurement of carbon-dioxide in the winter Arctic vortex and at mid-latitudes: An indicator of the 'age' of stratospheric air; Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, pp. 763-766, 1991.
22. Volk, C.M., J.W. Elkins, D.W. Fahey, G.S. Dutton, J.M. Gilligan, M. Loewenstein, J.R. Podolske, K.R. Chen, M.R. Gunson; Evaluation of source gas lifetimes from stratospheric observations; J. Geophys. Res., 102, pp. 25543-25564, 1997.
23. Waugh, D.W., T.M. Hall, W.J. Randel, P.J. Rasch, B.A. Boville, K.A. Boering, S.C. Wofsy, D.C. Daube, J.W. Elkins, D.W. Fahey, G.S. Dutton, C.M. Volk, P.F. Vohralik; Three-dimensional simulations of long-lived tracers using winds from MACCM2; J. Geophys. Res., 102, pp. 21493-21513; 1997.
24. Wilkening, S. and G. Winkhaus; 100 Jahre Aluminium-Schmelz-flußelektrolyse; Z. Metallkunde, 77, pp. 351-359, 1986.
25. 2) in the stratosphere and its contribution to the 1992 budget of inorganic fluorine in the upper stratosphere; J. Geophys. Res., 99, pp. 16737-16743, 1994.
26. 4) based on ATMOS observations from space; Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, pp. 2353-2356, 1996.