Parameterization of turbulent and mesoscale fluxes for heterogeneous surfaces

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 56, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 584-598

  Arola, Antti ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; DRAG; HEAT FLUX; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; WIND;

MOMENTUM TRANSFER; MOSAIC METHOD;

ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE;

EID: 0033075531     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0584:POTAMF>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Alestalo, M., and H. Savijärvi, 1985: Mesoscale circulations in a hydrostatic model: Coastal convergence and orographic lifting. Tellus, 37A, 156-162.
2. Alpert, P., A. Cohen, E. Doron, and J. Neumann, 1982: A model simulation of the summer circulation from the Eastern Mediterranean past Lake Kinneret in the Jordan Valley. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 994-1006.
3. Arya, S. P., 1975: A drag partition theory for determining the large scale roughness parameter and wind stress on the Arctic pack ice. J. Geophys. Res., 80, 3447-3454.
4. Avissar, R., 1992: Conceptual aspects of a statistical-dynamical approach to represent landscape subgrid-scale heterogeneities in atmospheric models. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 2729-2742.
5. _, and R. A. Pielke, 1989: A parameterization of heterogeneous land surfaces for atmospheric numerical models and its impact on regional meteorology. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2113-2136.
6. _, and F. Chen, 1993: Development and analysis of prognostic equations for mesoscale kinetic energy and mesoscale (subgrid scale) fluxes for large-scale atmospheric models. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3751-3774.
7. Blyth, E. M., 1995: Using a simple SVAT scheme to describe the effect of scale on aggregation. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 72, 267-285.
8. Brutsaert, W. H., 1982: Evaporation into the Atmosphere - Theory, History, and Applications. D. Reidel, 299 pp.
9. Businger, J. A., J. C. Wyngaard, Y. Izumi, and E. F. Bradley, 1971: Flux-profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 181-189.
10. Claussen, M., 1990: Area-averaging of surface fluxes in neutrally stratified, horizontally inhomogeneous atmospheric boundary layer. Atmos. Environ., 24A, 1349-1360.
11. _, 1995: Flux aggregation at large scales: On the limits of validity of the concept of blending height. J. Hydrol., 166, 371-382.
12. Dalu, G. A., R. A. Pielke, M. Baldi, and X. Zeng, 1996: Heat and momentum fluxes induced by thermal inhomogeneities with and without large-scale flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3286-3302.
13. Doran, J. C., and S. Zhong, 1995: Variations in mixed-layer depths arising from inhomogeneous surface conditions. J. Climate, 8, 1965-1973.
14. Ducoudré, N. I., K. Laval, and A. Perrier, 1993: SECHIBA: A new set of parameterizations of hydrologic exchanges at the land-atmosphere interface within the LMD atmospheric general circulation model. J. Climate, 6, 248-273.
15. Holtslag, A. A. M., and M. Ek, 1996: Simulation of surface fluxes and boundary layer development over the pine forest in HAPEX-MOBILHY. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 202-213.
16. Klaassen, W., and M. Claussen, 1995: Landscape variability and surface flux parameterization in climate models. Agric. For. Meteor., 73, 181-188.
17. Koster, R. D., and M. J. Suarez, 1992: Modeling the land surface boundary in climate models as a composite of independent vegetation stands. J. Geophys. Res., 97 (D3), 2697-2715.
18. Launianen, J., 1995: Derivation of the relationship between the Obukhov stability parameter and the bulk Richardson number for flux-profile studies. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 76, 165-179.
19. Lynn, B. H., F. Abramapoulos, and R. Avissar, 1995: Using similarity theory to parameterize mesoscale heat fluxes generated by subgrid-scale landscape discontinuities in GCMs. J. Climate, 8, 932-951.
20. Mahrt, L., 1987: Grid-averaged surface fluxes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1550-1560.
21. _, 1996: The bulk aerodynamic formulation over heterogeneous surfaces. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 78, 87-119.
22. _, and M. Ek, 1993: Spatial variability of turbulent fluxes and roughness lengths in HAPEX-MOBILHY. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 65, 381-400.
23. Mason, P. J., 1988: The formation of areally averaged roughness lengths. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 114, 399-420.
24. Neumann, J., and H. Savijärvi, 1986: The sea breeze on a steep coast. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 59, 375-389.
25. Noilhan, J., and S. Planton, 1989: A simple parameterization of land surface processes for meteorological models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 536-549.
26. Paulson, C. A., 1970: The mathematical representation of wind speed and temperature profiles in the unstable atmospheric surface layer. J. Appl. Meteor., 9, 857-861.
27. Pielke, R., 1984: Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling. Academic Press, 612 pp.
28. _, G. A. Dalu, J. S. Snook, T. J. Lee, and T. G. E. Kittel, 1991: Nonlinear influence of mesoscale land use on weather and climate. J. Climate, 4, 1053-1069.
29. Savijärvi, H., 1990: Fast radiation parameterization schemes for mesoscale and short-range forecast models. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 437-447.
30. _, 1991: The United States Great Plains diurnal ABL variation and the nocturnal low-level jet. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 833-840.
31. _, 1995: Sea breeze effects on large-scale atmospheric flow. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 68, 335-344.
32. _, and T. Siili, 1993: The Martian slope winds and the nocturnal PBL jet. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 77-88.
33. Segal, M., and R. W. Arritt, 1992: Nonclassical mesoscale circulations caused by surface sensible heat-flux gradients. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1593-1604.
34. _, J. R. Garratt, R. A. Pielke, and Z. Ye, 1991: Scaling and numerical model evaluation of snow-cover effects on the generation and modification of daytime mesoscale circulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1024-1042.
35. Seth, A., and F. Giorgi, 1996: Three-dimensional model study of organized mesoscale circulations induced by vegetation. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 7371-7391.
36. _, _, and R. E. Dickinson, 1994: Simulating fluxes from heterogeneous land surfaces: Explicit subgrid method employing the biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS). J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18 651-18 667.
37. Vihma, T., 1995: Subgrid parameterization of surface heat and momentum fluxes over polar oceans. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 22 625-22 646.
38. Wieringa, J., 1986: Roughness-dependent geographical interpolation of surface wind speed averages. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 867-889.
39. Wood, N., and P. J. Mason, 1991: The influence of stability on the effective roughness lengths for momentum and heat flux. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 117, 1025-1056.
40. Zeng, X., and R. A. Pielke, 1995: Landscape-induced atmospheric flow and its parameterization in large-scale numerical models. J. Climate, 8, 1156-1177.
41. Zhong, S., and J. C. Doran, 1995: A modeling study of the effects of inhomogeneous surface fluxes on boundary layer properties. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3129-3142.