Improving grasslands: The influence of soil moisture and nitrogen fertilization on the establishment of seedlings

Journal of Applied Ecology

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 263-270

  Haugland, Espen ^a   Froud Williams, Robert J ^b  

^a Plant Protection Centre   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Phleum pratense; Root competition; Shoot competition; Soil water potential; Trifolium pratense

Indexed keywords

INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; NITROGEN; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; SOIL MOISTURE;

LOLIUM PERENNE; PHLEUM PRATENSE; TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE;

EID: 0033068015     PISSN: 00218901     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2664.1999.00397.x     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Dunham, R.J. & Nye, P.H. (1973) The influence of soil water content on the uptake of ions by roots. 1. Soil water content gradients near a plane of onion roots. Journal of Applied Ecology, 10, 585-597.
2. Gussin, E.J. & Lynch, J.M. (1981) Microbial fermentation of grass residues to organic acids as a factor in the establishment of new grass swards. New Phytologist, 89, 449 457.
3. Haugland, E. (1993) Competition between an established grass sward and seedlings of Rumex longifolius DC. & Taraxacum officinale (Web. ) Marss. Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 7, 409 420.
4. Haugland, E. (1996) Growth of grasses and clovers at low light intensities. Grassland and Land Use Systems (eds G. Parente, J. Frame & S. Orsi), pp. 239 242. Proceedings of the 16th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, Grado, Italia, 15-19 September 1996.
5. Henriksson, L. (1991) Renovation of leys hy direct drilling and by reduced tillage. Grassland renovation and weed control in Europe, pp. 23-4. Report of a EGF Conference held at Graz. Austria, September, 18 21, 1991.
6. Jeangros, B. & Nösberger, J. (1990) Effects of an established sward of Lolium perenne L. on the growth and development of Rumex obtusifolius L. seedlings. Grass and Forage Science. 45, 1-7.
7. Kendall, W.A., Stroube, W.H. & Taylor, N.L. (1962) Growth and persistence of several varieties of red clover at various temperature and moisture levels. Agronomy Journal. 54, 345-347.
8. Lamba, P.S., Ahlgren, H.L. & Muckenhirn, R.J. (1949) Root growth of alfalfa, medium red clover, bromegrass, and timothy under various soil conditions. Agronomy Journal, 41, 451-458.
9. Lotz, L.A.P., Wallinga, J. & Kropff, M.J. (1995) Crop Weed Interactions: Quantification and Prediction. Ecology and Integrated Farming Systems (eds D.M. Glen, M.P. Greaves & H.M. Anderson), pp. 31-47. John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester.
10. Marks, S. & Strain, B.R. (1989) Effects of drought and CO2 enrichment on competition between two old-field perennials. New Phytologist. 111, 181-186.
11. Nashiki, M. & Meguro, R. (1992) Effects of competition from shoot and root of Lolium perenne L. seedlings on the growth of Rumex obtusifolius L. seedlings. Weed Research (Japan), 37, 301-308.
12. von Nitzsch, W. (1936) Der Porengehalte des Ackerbodens. Messverfaren und ihre Brauchbarkeit. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung. Düngung und Bodenkunde, 1, 101 115.
13. Øyen, J. (1991) Methods of establishing grass/clover swards. Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5, 301-305.
14. Radosevich, S.R. & Holt, J.S. (1984) Weed Ecology - Implications for Vegetation Management. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
15. Richards, L.A. (1947) Pressure-membrane apparatus, construction and use. Agricultural Engineering, 28, 451 454.
16. Richards, L.A. (1948) Porous plate apparatus for measuring moisture retention and transmission by soils. Soil Science, 66, 105 110.
17. Satorre, E.H. & Snaydon, R.W. (1992) A comparison of root and shoot competition between spring cereals and Avena fatua L. Weed Research, 32, 45 55.
18. Schreiber, M.M. (1967) A technique for studying weed competition in forage legume establishment. Weeds, 15, 1-4.
19. Snaydon, R.W. & Howe, C.D. (1986) Root and shoot competition between established ryegrass and invading grass seedlings. Journal of Applied Ecology, 23, 667-674.
20. Thomas, H. (1984) Effects of drought on growth and competitive ability of perennial ryegrass and white clover. Journal of Applied Ecology, 21, 591-602.
21. Torstensson, G. & Eriksson, S. (1936) A new method for determining the porosity of the soil. Soil Science, 42, 405-417.
22. Wedin, D. & Tilman, D. (1993) Competition among grasses along a nitrogen gradient: initial conditions and mechanisms of competition. Ecological Monographs, 63, 199-229.
23. Wiese, A.F. & Vandiver, C.W. (1970) Soil moisture effects on competitive ability of weeds. Weed Science, 18, 518-519.
24. Wilson, J.B. (1988) Shoot competition and root competition. Journal of Applied Ecology, 25, 279-296.