The duration and magnitude of influenza epidemics: A study of surveillance data from sentinel general practices in England, Wales and the Netherlands

European Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 15, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 467-473

  Fleming, D M ^a   Zambon, M ^b   Bartelds, A I M ^c   De Jong, J C ^d  

^a ROYAL COLLEGE OF GENERAL PRACTITIONERS   (United Kingdom)

^b PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND   (United Kingdom)

^c NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH   (Netherlands)

^d ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Epidemics; Influenza; Sentinel practices; Surveillance

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONSULTATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EPIDEMIC; GENERAL PRACTICE; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFLUENZA; NETHERLANDS; UNITED KINGDOM; VIRUS ISOLATION;

DISEASE OUTBREAKS; ENGLAND; FAMILY PRACTICE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; MALE; NETHERLANDS; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE; SPACE-TIME CLUSTERING; WALES;

EID: 0033064980     PISSN: 03932990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1007525402861     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Shortridge KF. The next pandemic influenza virus. Lancet 1995; 346: 1210-1212.
2. Ravelli ACJ, Kreis IA. A time series analysis of sulphur dioxide, temperature, and influenza incidence in 1976-1987. Pub Health Rev 1991-92; 19: 93-101.
3. Serfling RE. Methods for current statistical analysis of excess pneuomonia-influenza deaths. Public Health Reports 1963; 78 (6).
4. Fleming DM, Cohen J-M. Experience of European collaboration in influenza surveillance in the winter of 1993-1994. J Publ Hlth Med 1996; 18: 133-142.
5. Dedman DJ, Watson JM. The use of thresholds to describe influenza activity. PHLS Microbiol Digest 1997; 14 (4): 206-208.
6. Birmingham Research Unit of the Royal College of General Practitioners. Influenza. J Royal College of General Practitioners 1977; 27: 544-551.
7. Sprenger MJW, Naelten AMG van, Mulder PGH, Masurel N. Influenza mortality and excess deaths in the elderly, 1967-82. Epidemiol Infect 1989; 103: 633-641.
8. International Classification of Health Problems in Primary Care (ICHPPC-2 Defined). Prepared by the Classification Committee of World Organisation of National Colleges and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians (WONCA) in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO). 3rd edn. Oxford Medical Publications, 1983.
9. Fleming DM, Chakraverty P, Sadler C, Litton P. Combined clinical and virological surveillance of influenza in winters of 1992 and 1993-94. Br Med J 1995; 311: 290-291.
10. Masurel N, Bartelds AJM, Baars AMJW, van Wijngaarden JK, Claas ECJ. Influenza in het seizoen 1992/93; vaccinsamenstelling voor heit seizoen 1993/94. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1993; 137 (39): 1987-1990.
11. Govaert Th.ME, Dinant GJ, Aretz K, Masurel N, Sprenger MJW, Knottnerus JA. Adverse reactions to influenza vaccine in elderly people: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. Br Med J 1993; 307: 988-990.
12. Fleming DM, Cross KW. Respiratory syncytial virus or influenza? Lancet 1993; 342: 1507-1510.
13. Nicholson KG, Kent J, Hammersley V, Cancio E. Acute viral infections of upper respiratory tract in elderly people living in the community: Comparative, prospective, population based study of disease burden. Br Med J 1997; 315: 1060-1064.
14. Claas ECJ, Jong JC de, Bartelds AIM, Bijlsma K, Rothbarth P, Groot R de, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME. Influenza types and patient population. Lancet 1995; 346: 180.
15. The Shorter Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
16. Fleming DM. The impact of three influenza epidemics on primary care in England and Wales. Pharmaco-Economics 1996; 9 (Suppl 3): 38-45.
17. McCormick A, Fleming D, Charlton J. Morbidity Statistics from General Practice: Fourth national study 1991-92. London: HMSO, 1995 (Series MB5 no3).
18. Velden J van der, Bakker DH de, Claessens AAMC, Schellevis FG. Morbidity in General Practice: Dutch National Survey of General Practice. Netherlands Institute of Primary Health Care (NIVEL) 1992, PO Box 1568 - 3500 BN Utrecht.
19. Hayden FG, Osterhaus ADME, Treanor JJ, Fleming DM, Aoki FY, Nicholson KG, Bohnen AM, Hirst HM, Keene O, Wightman K. Efficacy and safety of the neuraminidase inhibitor Zanamavir in the treatment of influenza virus infections. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 874-880.
20. Fleming DM, Ayres JG. Diagnosis and patterns of incidence of influenza, influenza-like illness and the common cold in general practice. J Royal College of General Practitioners 1988, 38; 159-162.
21. Jong JC de, Claas ECJ, Osterhaus ADME, Webster RG, Lim WL. A pandemic warning? Nature 1997; 389: 554.
22. van Casteren V. Leurquin P. Eurosentinel: Development of an international sentinel network of general practitioners. Meth Inform Med 1992; 31: 147-152.
23. Snacken R, Bensadon M, Strauss A. The CARE telematics network for the surveillance of influenza in Europe. Meth Inform Med 1995; 34: 518-522.
24. Zambon M. Sentinel surveillance of influenza in Europe 1997/98. Eurosurveillance 3: 29-31.