메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 81, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 60-71

Gustatory neural coding in the cortex of the alert cynomolgus macaque: The quality of bitterness

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMMONIUM CHLORIDE; ARGININE; CAFFEINE; CALCIUM CHLORIDE; CHEMICAL COMPOUND; CYSTEINE; GLUCOSE; HISTIDINE; HYDROCHLORIC ACID; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE; NICOTINE; PHENYLALANINE; PHENYLTHIOUREA; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; QUININE; RIBOFLAVIN; SODIUM CHLORIDE; THEOPHYLLINE; THIAMINE; UREA;

EID: 0033063838     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1999.81.1.60     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0018710788 scopus 로고
    • Bitter taste of saccharin related to the genetic ability to taste the bitter substance 6-n-propylthiouracil
    • BARTOSHUK, L. M. Bitter taste of saccharin related to the genetic ability to taste the bitter substance 6-n-propylthiouracil. Science 205: 934-935, 1979.
    • (1979) Science , vol.205 , pp. 934-935
    • Bartoshuk, L.M.1
  • 2
    • 0024150886 scopus 로고
    • Bitterness of KCl and benzoate: Related to genetic status for sensitivity to PTC/ PROP
    • BARTOSHUK, L. M., RIFKIN, B., MARKS, L. E., AND HOOPER, J. Bitterness of KCl and benzoate: related to genetic status for sensitivity to PTC/ PROP. Chem. Senses 13: 517-528, 1988.
    • (1988) Chem. Senses , vol.13 , pp. 517-528
    • Bartoshuk, L.M.1    Rifkin, B.2    Marks, L.E.3    Hooper, J.4
  • 3
    • 0000336479 scopus 로고
    • Genetics of sensory thresholds: Taste for phenyl thio carbamide
    • BLAKESLEE, A. F. Genetics of sensory thresholds: taste for phenyl thio carbamide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 18: 120-130, 1932.
    • (1932) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.18 , pp. 120-130
    • Blakeslee, A.F.1
  • 4
    • 0003061163 scopus 로고
    • Genetics of sensory thresholds: Individual taste reactions for different substances
    • BLAKESLEE, A. F. AND SALMON, T. F. Genetics of sensory thresholds: individual taste reactions for different substances. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 21: 84-90, 1935.
    • (1935) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.21 , pp. 84-90
    • Blakeslee, A.F.1    Salmon, T.F.2
  • 5
    • 0001054661 scopus 로고
    • Species differences in taste performance
    • CARPENTER, J. Species differences in taste performance. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 49: 139-144, 1956.
    • (1956) J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. , vol.49 , pp. 139-144
    • Carpenter, J.1
  • 6
    • 0029032341 scopus 로고
    • A novel psychophysical procedure for bitter taste assessment in rats
    • CONTRERAS, R. J., CARSON, C. A., AND PIERCE, C. E. A novel psychophysical procedure for bitter taste assessment in rats. Chem. Senses 20: 305-312, 1995.
    • (1995) Chem. Senses , vol.20 , pp. 305-312
    • Contreras, R.J.1    Carson, C.A.2    Pierce, C.E.3
  • 7
    • 0028072168 scopus 로고
    • Bitter taste in aging: Compound - Specific decline in sensitivity
    • COWART, B. J., YOKOMUKAI, Y., AND BEAUCHAMP, G. K. Bitter taste in aging: compound - specific decline in sensitivity. Physiol. Behav. 56: 1237-1241, 1994.
    • (1994) Physiol. Behav. , vol.56 , pp. 1237-1241
    • Cowart, B.J.1    Yokomukai, Y.2    Beauchamp, G.K.3
  • 8
    • 0026530005 scopus 로고
    • - channels in Necturus taste cells. Modulation by intracellular factors and taste stimuli
    • - channels in Necturus taste cells. Modulation by intracellular factors and taste stimuli. J. Gen. Physiol. 99: 591-613, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Gen. Physiol. , vol.99 , pp. 591-613
    • Cummings, T.A.1    Kinnamon, S.C.2
  • 9
    • 84981847558 scopus 로고
    • Relative taste potency of some basic food constituents and their competitive and compensatory action
    • FABIAN, F. W. AND BLUM, H. B. Relative taste potency of some basic food constituents and their competitive and compensatory action. Food Res. 8: 179-193, 1943.
    • (1943) Food Res. , vol.8 , pp. 179-193
    • Fabian, F.W.1    Blum, H.B.2
  • 10
    • 0001982191 scopus 로고
    • A contribution to the comparative physiology of contact chemo-reception
    • FRINGS, H. A contribution to the comparative physiology of contact chemo-reception. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 41: 25-34, 1948.
    • (1948) J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. , vol.41 , pp. 25-34
    • Frings, H.1
  • 11
    • 0000146036 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between chemical constitution and taste
    • FOX, A. L. The relationship between chemical constitution and taste. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 18: 115-120, 1932.
    • (1932) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.18 , pp. 115-120
    • Fox, A.L.1
  • 12
    • 0002729396 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of bitter and the acquisition of toxiphobia
    • edited by D. A. Denton and J. P. Coghlan. New York: Academic
    • GARCIA, J. AND HANKINS, W. The evolution of bitter and the acquisition of toxiphobia. In: Olfaction and Taste, edited by D. A. Denton and J. P. Coghlan. New York: Academic, 1975, p. 39-45.
    • (1975) Olfaction and Taste , pp. 39-45
    • Garcia, J.1    Hankins, W.2
  • 13
    • 0017861130 scopus 로고
    • Lipophilicity and bitter taste
    • GARDNER, R. J. Lipophilicity and bitter taste. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 30: 531, 1978.
    • (1978) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , vol.30 , pp. 531
    • Gardner, R.J.1
  • 14
    • 0020261405 scopus 로고
    • Sweetness of sucrose, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, and saccharin is related to genetic ability to taste the bitter substance 6-n-propylthiouracil
    • GENT, J. F. AND BARTOSHUK, L. M. Sweetness of sucrose, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, and saccharin is related to genetic ability to taste the bitter substance 6-n-propylthiouracil. Chem. Senses 7: 265-272, 1983.
    • (1983) Chem. Senses , vol.7 , pp. 265-272
    • Gent, J.F.1    Bartoshuk, L.M.2
  • 15
    • 0025726120 scopus 로고
    • The effect of amiloride on taste-evoked activity in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat
    • GIZA, B. K. AND SCOTT, T. R. The effect of amiloride on taste-evoked activity in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat. Brain Res. 550: 247-256, 1991.
    • (1991) Brain Res. , vol.550 , pp. 247-256
    • Giza, B.K.1    Scott, T.R.2
  • 16
    • 0345396901 scopus 로고
    • Die leistungen des geschemacksorgans beim menschenim vergleich zu nichtmenschlichen primaten
    • GLASER, D. Die leistungen des geschemacksorgans beim menschenim vergleich zu nichtmenschlichen primaten. Lebensm. Wiss. U. Technol. 13: 276-282, 1980.
    • (1980) Lebensm. Wiss. U. Technol. , vol.13 , pp. 276-282
    • Glaser, D.1
  • 17
    • 0028004195 scopus 로고
    • Is the bitter rejection response always adaptive?
    • edited by G. K. Beauchamp. Tokyo: Elsevier Science
    • GLENDINNING, J. Is the bitter rejection response always adaptive? In: Kirin International Symposium on Bitter Taste, edited by G. K. Beauchamp. Tokyo: Elsevier Science, 1994, p. 1217-1227.
    • (1994) Kirin International Symposium on Bitter Taste , pp. 1217-1227
    • Glendinning, J.1
  • 18
    • 0014837301 scopus 로고
    • Taste response in ruminants. IV. Reactions of pygmy goats, normal goats, sheep, and cattle to acetic acid and quinine hydrochloride
    • GOATCHER, W. D. AND CHURCH, D. C. Taste response in ruminants. IV. Reactions of pygmy goats, normal goats, sheep, and cattle to acetic acid and quinine hydrochloride. J. Anim. Sci. 31: 373-382, 1970.
    • (1970) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 373-382
    • Goatcher, W.D.1    Church, D.C.2
  • 19
    • 0015577649 scopus 로고
    • Sourness and bitterness: Confusions over sequences of taste judgements
    • GREGSON, R.A.M. AND BAKER, A.F.H. Sourness and bitterness: confusions over sequences of taste judgements. Br. J. Psychol. 64: 71-76, 1973.
    • (1973) Br. J. Psychol. , vol.64 , pp. 71-76
    • Gregson, R.A.M.1    Baker, A.F.H.2
  • 20
    • 0013602888 scopus 로고
    • A general nonmetric technique for finding the smallest coordinate space for a configuration of points
    • GUTTMAN, I. A general nonmetric technique for finding the smallest coordinate space for a configuration of points. Psychometricka 22: 469-507, 1968.
    • (1968) Psychometricka , vol.22 , pp. 469-507
    • Guttman, I.1
  • 21
    • 0016437110 scopus 로고
    • PTC taste blindness and the taste of caffeine
    • HALL, M. J., BARTOSHUK, L. M., CAIN, W. S., AND STEVENS, J. C. PTC taste blindness and the taste of caffeine. Nature 253: 242-243, 1975.
    • (1975) Nature , vol.253 , pp. 242-243
    • Hall, M.J.1    Bartoshuk, L.M.2    Cain, W.S.3    Stevens, J.C.4
  • 23
    • 0021950535 scopus 로고
    • Gustatory effectiveness of amino acids in mice: Behavioral and neurophysiological studies
    • IWASAKI, K., KASAHARA, T., AND SATO, M. Gustatory effectiveness of amino acids in mice: behavioral and neurophysiological studies. Physiol. Behav. 34: 531-542, 1985.
    • (1985) Physiol. Behav. , vol.34 , pp. 531-542
    • Iwasaki, K.1    Kasahara, T.2    Sato, M.3
  • 24
    • 0000073064 scopus 로고
    • Genetics of taste
    • edited by L. M. Beidler. New York: Springer-Verlag
    • KALMUS, H. Genetics of taste. In: Handbook of Sensory Physiology, edited by L. M. Beidler. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1971, vol. 4, p. 165-179.
    • (1971) Handbook of Sensory Physiology , vol.4 , pp. 165-179
    • Kalmus, H.1
  • 26
    • 0019207715 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of different methods used to assess sensitivity to the taste of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)
    • LAWLESS, H. A comparison of different methods used to assess sensitivity to the taste of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). Chem. Senses 5: 247-256, 1980.
    • (1980) Chem. Senses , vol.5 , pp. 247-256
    • Lawless, H.1
  • 27
    • 0016291204 scopus 로고
    • The roles of practice and correction in the categorization of sour and bitter taste qualities
    • MCAULIFFE, W. K. AND MEISELMAN, H. L. The roles of practice and correction in the categorization of sour and bitter taste qualities. Percep. Psychophys. 16: 242-244, 1974.
    • (1974) Percep. Psychophys. , vol.16 , pp. 242-244
    • McAuliffe, W.K.1    Meiselman, H.L.2
  • 28
    • 84864888847 scopus 로고
    • Gustatory cross adaptation: Sourness and bitterness
    • MCBURNEY, D. H., SMITH, D. V., AND SHICK, T. R. Gustatory cross adaptation: sourness and bitterness. Percep. Psychophys. 11: 228-232, 1972.
    • (1972) Percep. Psychophys. , vol.11 , pp. 228-232
    • McBurney, D.H.1    Smith, D.V.2    Shick, T.R.3
  • 29
    • 0345396886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDL Information Systems, OHS-MSDS on Disc. Nashville, TN, 1998
    • MDL Information Systems, OHS-MSDS on Disc. Nashville, TN, 1998.
  • 30
  • 31
    • 0024361720 scopus 로고
    • Bitter taste intensity: The effects of tastant and thiourea taster status
    • MELA, D. J. Bitter taste intensity: the effects of tastant and thiourea taster status. Chem. Senses 14: 131-135, 1989.
    • (1989) Chem. Senses , vol.14 , pp. 131-135
    • Mela, D.J.1
  • 32
    • 0003601534 scopus 로고
    • Rahway, NJ: Merck
    • Merck Index. Rahway, NJ: Merck, 1976.
    • (1976) Merck Index
  • 34
    • 0016830070 scopus 로고
    • Molecular connectivity. III. Relationship to partition coefficients
    • MURRAY, W. J., HALL, L. H., AND KIER, L. B. Molecular connectivity. III. Relationship to partition coefficients. J. Pharm. Sci. 64: 1978, 1975.
    • (1975) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 1978
    • Murray, W.J.1    Hall, L.H.2    Kier, L.B.3
  • 35
    • 0028072170 scopus 로고
    • Bitterness in wine
    • NOBLE, A. C. Bitterness in wine. Physiol. Behav. 56: 1251-1255, 1994.
    • (1994) Physiol. Behav. , vol.56 , pp. 1251-1255
    • Noble, A.C.1
  • 36
    • 0018581349 scopus 로고
    • Confusion in the use of the taste adjectives "sour" and "bitter."
    • O'MAHONY, M., GOLDENBERG, M., STEDMON, J., AND ALFORD, J. Confusion in the use of the taste adjectives "sour" and "bitter." Chem. Senses 4: 301-318, 1979.
    • (1979) Chem. Senses , vol.4 , pp. 301-318
    • O'Mahony, M.1    Goldenberg, M.2    Stedmon, J.3    Alford, J.4
  • 37
    • 0006012606 scopus 로고
    • Preference thresholds for quinine hydrochloride in chimpanzee, monkey and rat
    • PATTON, H. AND RUCH, T. Preference thresholds for quinine hydrochloride in chimpanzee, monkey and rat. J. Comp. Psychol. 37: 35-49, 1944.
    • (1944) J. Comp. Psychol. , vol.37 , pp. 35-49
    • Patton, H.1    Ruch, T.2
  • 38
    • 0000797492 scopus 로고
    • The sense of taste
    • Washington, DC: Am. Physiol. Soc., sect. 1
    • PFAFFMANN, C. The sense of taste. In: Handbook of Physiology. Neurophysiology. Washington, DC: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1959, vol. I, sect. 1, p. 507-533.
    • (1959) Handbook of Physiology. Neurophysiology , vol.1 , pp. 507-533
    • Pfaffmann, C.1
  • 40
    • 0027497659 scopus 로고
    • Gustatory neural coding in the monkey cortex: The quality of sweetness
    • PLATA-SALAMÁN, C. R., SCOTT, T. R., AND SMITH-SWINTOSKY, V. L. Gustatory neural coding in the monkey cortex: the quality of sweetness. J. Neurophysiol. 69: 482-493, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.69 , pp. 482-493
    • Plata-Salamán, C.R.1    Scott, T.R.2    Smith-Swintosky, V.L.3
  • 41
    • 0029091347 scopus 로고
    • Gustatory neural coding in the monkey cortex: The quality of acids
    • PLATA-SALAMÁN, C. R., SCOTT, T. R., AND SMITH-SWINTOSKY, V. L. Gustatory neural coding in the monkey cortex: the quality of acids. J. Neurophysiol. 74: 556-564, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.74 , pp. 556-564
    • Plata-Salamán, C.R.1    Scott, T.R.2    Smith-Swintosky, V.L.3
  • 42
    • 0022591066 scopus 로고
    • Projections of thalamic gustatory and lingual areas in the monkey, Macaca fascicularis
    • PRITCHARD, T. C., HAMILTON, R. B., MORSE, J. R., AND NORGEN, R. Projections of thalamic gustatory and lingual areas in the monkey, Macaca fascicularis. J. Comp. Neurol. 244: 213-228, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.244 , pp. 213-228
    • Pritchard, T.C.1    Hamilton, R.B.2    Morse, J.R.3    Norgen, R.4
  • 43
    • 0028350487 scopus 로고
    • Taste preference of old world monkey. I. A single-bottle preference test
    • PRITCHARD, T. C., REILLY, S., HAMILTON, R. B., AND NORGREN, R. Taste preference of old world monkey. I. A single-bottle preference test. Physiol. Behav. 55: 477-481, 1994.
    • (1994) Physiol. Behav. , vol.55 , pp. 477-481
    • Pritchard, T.C.1    Reilly, S.2    Hamilton, R.B.3    Norgren, R.4
  • 44
    • 0017992124 scopus 로고
    • Responses of horses to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter solutions
    • RANDALL, R. P., SCHURG, W. A., AND CHURCH, D. C. Responses of horses to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter solutions. J. Anim. Sci. 47: 51-55, 1978.
    • (1978) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 51-55
    • Randall, R.P.1    Schurg, W.A.2    Church, D.C.3
  • 45
    • 0014835320 scopus 로고
    • The misuse of taste names by untrained observers
    • ROBINSON, J. O. The misuse of taste names by untrained observers. Br. J. Psychol. 61: 375-378, 1970.
    • (1970) Br. J. Psychol. , vol.61 , pp. 375-378
    • Robinson, J.O.1
  • 46
    • 0016656606 scopus 로고
    • Taste of nutrients: Amino acids, vitamins, and fatty acids
    • SCHIFFMAN, S. S. AND DACKIS, C. Taste of nutrients: amino acids, vitamins, and fatty acids. Percep. Psychophys. 17: 140-146, 1975.
    • (1975) Percep. Psychophys. , vol.17 , pp. 140-146
    • Schiffman, S.S.1    Dackis, C.2
  • 47
    • 0015130259 scopus 로고
    • A psychophysical model for gustatory quality
    • SCHIFFMAN, S. S. AND ERICKSON, R. P. A psychophysical model for gustatory quality. Physiol. Behav. 7: 617-633, 1971.
    • (1971) Physiol. Behav. , vol.7 , pp. 617-633
    • Schiffman, S.S.1    Erickson, R.P.2
  • 48
    • 0028076053 scopus 로고
    • Taste perception of bitter compounds in young and elderly persons: Relation to lipophilicity of bitter compounds
    • SCHIFFMAN, S. S., GATLIN, L. A., FREY, A. E., HEIMAN, S. A., STAGNER, W. C., AND COOPER, D. C. Taste perception of bitter compounds in young and elderly persons: relation to lipophilicity of bitter compounds. Neurobiol. Aging 15: 743-750, 1994.
    • (1994) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.15 , pp. 743-750
    • Schiffman, S.S.1    Gatlin, L.A.2    Frey, A.E.3    Heiman, S.A.4    Stagner, W.C.5    Cooper, D.C.6
  • 49
  • 50
    • 0028287817 scopus 로고
    • Gustatory neural coding in the monkey cortex: The quality of the saltiness
    • SCOTT, T. R., PLATA-SALAMÁN, C. R., AND SMITH-SWINTOSKY, V. L. Gustatory neural coding in the monkey cortex: the quality of the saltiness. J. Neurophysiol. 71: 1692-1701, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.71 , pp. 1692-1701
    • Scott, T.R.1    Plata-Salamán, C.R.2    Smith-Swintosky, V.L.3
  • 51
    • 0022457801 scopus 로고
    • Gustatory responses in the frontal opercular cortex of alert cynomolgus monkey
    • SCOTT, T. R., YAXLEY, S., SIENKIEWICZ, Z. J., AND ROLLS, E. T. Gustatory responses in the frontal opercular cortex of alert cynomolgus monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 56: 876-890, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.56 , pp. 876-890
    • Scott, T.R.1    Yaxley, S.2    Sienkiewicz, Z.J.3    Rolls, E.T.4
  • 52
    • 0018722486 scopus 로고
    • A metric for the breadth of tuning of gustatory neurons
    • SMITH, D. V. AND TRAVERS, J. B. A metric for the breadth of tuning of gustatory neurons. Chem. Senses 4: 215-229, 1979.
    • (1979) Chem. Senses , vol.4 , pp. 215-229
    • Smith, D.V.1    Travers, J.B.2
  • 53
    • 0028077427 scopus 로고
    • Neural coding of aversive and appetitive gustatory stimuli: Interactions n the hamster brain stem
    • SMITH, D. V., LIU, H., AND VOGT, M. B. Neural coding of aversive and appetitive gustatory stimuli: interactions n the hamster brain stem. Physiol. Behav. 56: 1189-1196, 1994.
    • (1994) Physiol. Behav. , vol.56 , pp. 1189-1196
    • Smith, D.V.1    Liu, H.2    Vogt, M.B.3
  • 54
    • 0025945369 scopus 로고
    • Gustatory neural coding in the monkey cortex: Stimulus intensity
    • SMITH-SWINTOSKY, V. L., PLATA-SALAMÁN, C. R., AND SCOTT, T. R. Gustatory neural coding in the monkey cortex: stimulus intensity. J. Neurophysiol. 66: 1156-1165, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.66 , pp. 1156-1165
    • Smith-Swintosky, V.L.1    Plata-Salamán, C.R.2    Scott, T.R.3
  • 55
    • 0025444083 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism for the bitter tasting potency of peptides using O-aminoacyl sugars as model compounds
    • TAMURA, M., MIYOSHI, T., MORI, N., KINOMURA, K., KAWAGUCHI, M., ISHIBASHI, N., AND OKAI, H. Mechanism for the bitter tasting potency of peptides using O-aminoacyl sugars as model compounds. Agric. Biol. Chem. 54: 1401-1409, 1990.
    • (1990) Agric. Biol. Chem. , vol.54 , pp. 1401-1409
    • Tamura, M.1    Miyoshi, T.2    Mori, N.3    Kinomura, K.4    Kawaguchi, M.5    Ishibashi, N.6    Okai, H.7
  • 56
    • 0027213224 scopus 로고
    • Degradation and debittering of a tryptic digest from beta-casein by aminopeptidase N from Lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremoris Wg2
    • TAN, P. S., VAN KESSEL, T. A., VAN DE VEERDONK, F. L., ZUURENDONK, P. F., BRUINS, A. P., AND KONINGS, W. N. Degradation and debittering of a tryptic digest from beta-casein by aminopeptidase N from Lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremoris Wg2. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 1430-1436, 1993.
    • (1993) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.59 , pp. 1430-1436
    • Tan, P.S.1    Van Kessel, T.A.2    Van De Veerdonk, F.L.3    Zuurendonk, P.F.4    Bruins, A.P.5    Konings, W.N.6
  • 57
    • 0003503759 scopus 로고
    • Cincinnati, OH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
    • U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. Cincinnati, OH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1981.
    • (1981) Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances
  • 58
    • 0344168022 scopus 로고
    • Band i: Die physiologie des geruchs- and geschmakssinnes
    • Leipsig, Germany: Thieme
    • VON SKRAMLIK, E. Band I: die physiologie des geruchs-and geschmakssinnes. In: Handbuch der Physiologie der Niederen Sinne, Leipsig, Germany: Thieme, 1926, p. 7.
    • (1926) Handbuch der Physiologie der Niederen Sinne , pp. 7
    • Von Skramlik, E.1
  • 59
    • 0003818096 scopus 로고
    • St. Andrews, Scotland: Computing Laboratory, University of St. Andrews
    • WISHART, D. Clustan Users Manual. St. Andrews, Scotland: Computing Laboratory, University of St. Andrews, 1987.
    • (1987) Clustan Users Manual
    • Wishart, D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.