Refractory organic matter in sediments from the North-West African upwelling system: Abundance, chemical structure and origin

Organic Geochemistry

Volumn 30, Issue 2-3, 1999, Pages 101-117

  Zegouagh, Yahya ^a   Derenne, Sylvie ^a   Largeau, Claude ^a   Bertrand, Philippe ^b   Sicre, Marie Alexandrine ^c   Saliot, Alain ^d   Rousseau, Bernard ^e  

^a PSL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ BORDEAUX 1   (France)

^c CNRS   (France)

^d LABORATOIRE D OCÉANOGRAPHIE DE VILLEFRANCHE   (France)

^e ECOLE NORMALE SUPÉRIEURE   (France)

Author keywords

Degradation recondensation; Marine sediments; Melanoidins; North West African upwelling; Peru upwelling; Preservation mechanism; Refractory organic matter; Sorptive protection

Indexed keywords

MELANOIDINS; REFRACTORY ORGANIC MATTER (ROM);

CONDENSATION; DEGRADATION; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; GEOMORPHOLOGY; MACROMOLECULES; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; PYROLYSIS; REFRACTORY MATERIALS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SEDIMENTS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

ANALYTICAL GEOCHEMISTRY;

ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY; ORGANIC MATTER; UPWELLING;

ATLANTIC OCEAN;

EID: 0033058940     PISSN: 01466380     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00207-1     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Adam P., Schmid J.C., Mycke B., Strazielle C., Connan J., Huc A., Riva A., Albrecht P. Structural investigation of nonpolar sulfur macromolecules in petroleum. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 57:1993;3395-3419.
2. Allard B., Templier J., Largeau C. Artifactual origin of mycobacterial bacteran: formation of melanoidin-like artifact macromolecular material during the usual isolation process. Organic Geochemistry. 26:1997;691-703.
3. Allard B., Templier J., Largeau C. An improved method for the isolation of artifact-free algaenans from microalgae. Organic Geochemistry. 28:1998;543-548.
4. Augris N., Balesdent J., Mariotti A., Largeau C., Derenne S. Structure and origin of insoluble and nonhydrolyzable, aliphatic organic matter in a forest soil. Organic Geochemistry. 28:1998;119-124.
5. van Bergen P.F., Bull I.D., Poulton P.R., Evershed R.P. Organic geochemical studies of soils from the Rothamsted Classical Experiments. I. Total lipid extracts, solvent insoluble residues and humic acids from Broadbalk Wilderness. Organic Geochemistry. 26:1997;117-135.
6. Bergamaschi B.A., Tsamakis E., Keil R.G., Eglinton T.I., Montluçon D.B., Hedges J.I. The effect of grain size on organic matter, lignin and carbohydrate concentration, and molecular compositions in Peru margin sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 61:1997;1247-1260.
7. Bertrand P., Shimmield G., Martinez P., Grousset F., Jorissen F., Paterne M., Pujol C., Bouloubassi I., Buat-Ménard P., Peypouquet J.P., Beaufort L., Sicre M.-A., Lallier-Vergès E., Foster J.M., Ternois Y. Other participants of the Sedorqua Program The Glacial ocean productivity hypothesis: the importance of regional temporal and spatial studies. Marine Geology. 130:1996;1-9.
8. Boje R. The phytoplankton stock in the West African upwelling area north of Cape Blanc in January and February 1975: rapports, procès-verbaux. Reunion Conseil Interministeriel Exploration de la Mer. 180:1982;239-243.
9. Brink, K.H., Abrantes, F.F.G., Bernal, P.A., Dugdale, R.C., Estrada, R.C., Hutchings, Jahnke, R.A., Müller, P.J., Smith R.L., 1995. Group report: how do coastal upwelling systems operate as integrated, physical, chemical and biological systems and influence the geological record? The role of physical processes in defining the spatial structure of biological and chemical variables. In: Summerhayes, C.P., Emeis, K.C., Angel, M.V., Smith, R.L., Zeitschel, B. (Eds.), Upwelling in the Ocean: Modern Processes and Ancient Records. Dahlem Conference Reports, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 102-124.
10. Calvert, S.E., 1987. Oceanographic controls on the accumulation of organic matter in marine sediments. In: J. Brooks, A.J. Fleet (Eds.), Marine Petroleum Source Rocks. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 137-151.
11. Clegg H., Horsfield B., Stasiuk L., Fowler M.G., Vliex M. Geochemical characterisation of organic matter in Keg River Formation (Elk point group, Middle Devonian), La Crete Basin, western Canada. Organic Geochemistry. 26:1997;627-643.
12. Codiposti L.A., Dugdale R.C., Minas H.J. A comparison of the nutrient regimes off north-west Africa, Peru and Baja CA: rapports, procès-verbaux. Reunion Conseil Interministeriel Exploration de la Mer. 180:1982;184-201.
13. Collins M.J., Bishop A.N., Farrimond P. Sorption by mineral surfaces: rebirth of the classical condensation pathway for kerogen formation? Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 59:1995;2387-2393.
14. Cooper, W.T., Heiman, A.S., Yates, R.R., 1986. Spectroscopic and chromatographic studies of organic carbon in Recent marine sediment from the Peruvian Upwelling Zone. In: Leythaeuser, D., Rullkötter, J. (Eds), Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1985, part II, Organic Geochemistry 10. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 725-732.
15. Cronin J.R., Morris R.J. The occurrence of high molecular weight humic material in recent organic-rich sediment from the Namibian shelf, Estuarine. Coastal and Shelf Science. 15:1982;17-27.
16. Derenne S., Largeau C., Casadevall E., Berkaloff C., Rousseau B. Chemical evidence of kerogen formation in source rocks and oil shales via selective preservation of thin resistant outer walls of microalgae: origin of ultralaminae. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 55:1991;1041-1050.
17. Derenne S., Le Berre F., Largeau C., Hatcher P., Connan J., Raynaud J.F. Formation of ultralaminae in marine kerogens via selective preservation of thin resistant outer walls of microalgae. Organic Geochemistry. 19:1992;345-350.
18. Derenne S., Largeau C., Berkaloff C., Rousseau B., Wilhelm C., Hatcher P. Nonhydrolysable macromolecular constituents from outer walls of Chlorella fusca and Nanochlorum eucaryotum. Phytochemistry. 31:1992;1923-1929.
19. Derenne S., Largeau C., Hetényi M., Brukner-Wein A., Connan J., Lugardon B. Chemical structure of the organic matter in a Pliocene maar-type oil shale: implicated Botryococcus races and formation pathways. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 61:1997;1879-1889.
20. Douglas A.G., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Fowler M.G., Eglinton T.I., de Leeuw J.W. Unique distribution of hydrocarbons and sulphur compounds released by flash pyrolysis from the fossilised alga Gloeocapsomorpha prisca, a major constituent in one of four Ordovician kerogens. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 55:1991;275-291.
21. Durand, B., Nicaise, G., 1980. Procedures for kerogen isolations. In: Durand, B. (Ed.), Kerogen. Technip, Paris, pp. 35-53.
22. Eglinton T.I., Irvine J.E., Vairavamurthy A., Zhou W., Manowitz B. Formation and diagenesis of macromolecular organic sulfur in Peru margin sediments. Organic Geochemistry. 22:1994;781-799.
23. Gelin F., Boogers I., Noordeloos A.A.M., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Hatcher P., de Leeuw J.W. Novel, resistant microalgal polyethers: an important sink of organic carbon in the marine environment? Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 60:1996;1275-1280.
24. Gelin F., Boogers I., Noordeloos A.A.M., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Riegman R., de Leeuw J.W. Resistant biomacromolecules in marine microalgae of the classes Eustigmatophyceae and Chlorophyceae: geochemical implications. Organic Geochemistry. 26:1997;659-675.
25. Gelin, F., Volkman, J.K., Largeau, C., Derenne, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., de Leeuw, J.W., 1998. Distribution of aliphatic, nonhydrolysable biopolymers in marine microalgae. Organic Geochemistry, in press.
26. Gillaizeau B., Derenne S., Largeau C., Berkaloff C., Rousseau B. Source organisms and formation pathway of the kerogen of the Göynük Oil Shale (Oligocene, Turkey) as revealed by electron microscopy, spectrometry and pyrolysis. Organic Geochemistry. 24:1996;671-679.
27. Guthrie J.M. Molecular and carbon isotopic analysis of individual biological markers: evidence for sources of organic matter and paleoenvironmental conditions in the Upper Ordovician Maquoketa Group, Illinois Basin, USA. Organic Geochemistry. 25:1996;439-460.
28. Hartgers W.A., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Requejo A.G., Allan J., Hayes J.M., Ling Y., Xie T.-M., Primack J., et de leeuw J.W. Evidence for only minor contribution from bacteria to sedimentary organic carbon. Nature. 369:1994;224-227.
29. Hartgers W.A., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., de Leeuw J.W. Geochemical significance of alkylbenzene distributions in flash pyrolysates of kerogens, coals and asphaltenes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 58:1994;1759-1775.
30. Hatcher, P.G., Spiker, E.C., 1988. Selective degradation of plant biomolecules. In: Frimmel, F.H., Christman, R.F. (Eds.), Humic Substances and Their Role in the Environments. Wiley, New York, pp. 59-74.
31. Hatcher P.G., Clifford D.J. The organic geochemistry of coal: from plant materials to coal. Organic Geochemistry. 27:1997;251-274.
32. Hedges J.I. The formation and clay mineral reactions of melanoidins. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 42:1978;69-76.
33. Hedges J.I., Keil R.G. Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis. Marine Chemistry. 49:1995;81-115.
34. Hedges J.I., Oades J.M. Comparative organic geochemistries of soils and marine sediments. Organic Geochemistry. 27:1997;319-361.
35. van Heemst, J. D. H., Baas, M., de Leeuw, J. W., Renner, R., 1993. Molecular characterization of marine dissolved organic matter (DOM). In: Øgard, O.K. (Ed.), Organic Geochemistry. Folch Hurtigtryhk, pp. 694-698.
36. van Heemst J.D.H., Peulvé S., de Leeuw J.W. Novel algal polyphenolic biomacromolecules as significant contributors to resistant fractions of marine dissolved and particulate organic matter. Organic Geochemistry. 24:1996;629-640.
37. van Heemst, J.D.H., Stankiewicz, B.A., van Bergen, P.F., Evershed, R.P., de Leeuw J.W., 1997. Multiple sources of alkylphenols produced upon pyrolysis of DOM, POM and Recent and Ancient sediments. In: Organic Geochemistry, 18th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry, Maastricht. Forschungszentrum Jülich, pp. 683-684.
38. Hoefs M.J.L., van Heemst J.D.H., Gelin F., Koopmans M.P., van Kaam-Peters H.M.E., Schouten S., de Leeuw J.W., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Alternative biological sources for 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene in flash pyrolysates of kerogen. Organic Geochemistry. 23:1995;975-979.
39. Horsfield, B., Bharati, S., Larter, S. R., Leistner, F., Littke R., Schenk, H. J., Dypvik, H., 1992. On the typical petroleum-generating characteristics of alginite in the Cambrian Alum shale. In: Schidlowski, M., Golubic, S., Kimberley, M.M., McKirdy, D.M., Trudinger, P.A. (Eds.), Early Organic Evolution: Implications for Mineral and Energy Resources. Springer, Berlin, pp. 257-266.
40. Ikan R., Rubinsztain Y., Ioselis P., Aizenshtat Z., Pugmire R., Anderson L.L., Woolfenden W.R. Carbon-13 cross polarized magic-angle samples spinning nuclear magnetic resonance of melanoidins. Organic Geochemistry. 9:1986;199-212.
41. Kawamura, K., Tannenbaum, E., Huizinga, B.J., Kaplan, I.R., 1986. Long chain carboxylic acids in pyrolysates of Green River kerogen. In: Leythäuser, D., Rullkötter, and J. (Eds.), Advances in Organic Geochemistry, 1985, Organic Geochemistry 10. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 1059-1065.
42. Keil R.G., Tsamakis E., Fuh C.B., Giddings J.C., Hedges J.I. Mineralogic and textural controls on the organic composition of coastal marine sediments: hydrodynamic separation using SPLITT-fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 58:1994;879-895.
43. Keil R.G., Montluçon D.B., Prahl F.G., Hedges J.I. Sorptive protection of labile organic matter in marine sediments. Nature. 370:1994;549-551.
44. 13C NMR and analytical pyrolysis The Science of the Total Environment. 113:1992;89-106.
45. Largeau, C., Derenne, S., Casadevall, E., Kadouri, A., Sellier, N., 1986. Pyrolysis of immature Torbanite and of the resistant biopolymer (PRBA) isolated from extant alga Botryococcus braunii: mechanism of formation and structure of Torbanite. In: Leythaeuser, D., Rullkötter, J. (Eds.), Advances in Organic Geochemistry, 1985, Organic Geochemistry 10. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 1023-1032.
46. Largeau C., Derenne S., Clairay C., Casadevall E., Raynaud J.F., Lugardon B., Berkaloff C., Corolleur M., Rousseau B. Characterization of various kerogens by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM): morphological relationships with resistant outer walls in extant microorganisms. Mededelingen Rijks Geology Dienst. 45:1990;91-101.
47. Largeau C., Derenne S. Relative efficiency of the selective preservation and degradation recondensation pathways in kerogen formation: source and environment influence on their contributions to Type I and II kerogens. Organic Geochemistry. 20:1993;611-615.
48. Larter S.R., Douglas A.G. Melanoidins-kerogen precursors and geochemical lipid sinks: a study using pyrolysis gas chromatography (PGC). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 44:1980;2087-2095.
49. Lückge A., Boussafir M., Lallier-Vergès E., Littke R. Comparative study of organic matter preservation in immature sediments along the continental margins of Peru and Oman. I. Results of petrographical and bulk geochemical data. Organic Geochemistry. 24:1996;437-451.
50. Maillard L.C. Action des acides aminés sur les sucres: formation des mélanoïdines par voie méthodologique. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences. 156:1912;148-149.
51. Martinez Ph., Bertrand Ph., Bouloubassi I., Bareille G., Shimmield G., Vautravers B., Grousset F., Guichard S., Ternois Y., Sicre M.-A. An integrated view of inorganic and organic biogeochemical indicators of palaeoproductivity changes in a coastal upwelling area. Organic Geochemistry. 24:1996;411-420.
52. Mayer L.M. Surface area control organic carbon accumulation in continental shelf sediment: a hypothesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 58:1994;1271-1284.
53. Morris, R.J., 1987. The formation of organic-rich deposits in two deep-water marine environments. In: Brooks, J., Fleet, A.J. (Eds.), Marine Petroleum Source Rocks. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 153-166.
54. Nip M., de Leeuw J.W., Schenck P.A. Structural characterization of coals, coal macerals and their precursors by pyrolysis-gas chromatography and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Coal Science and Technology. 11:1987;89-92.
55. Parrish, J.T., 1987. Palaeo-upwelling and the distribution of organic-rich rocks. In: Brooks, J., Fleet, A.J. (Eds.), Marine Petroleum Source Rocks. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 199-205.
56. Patience R.L., Baxby M., Bartle K.D., Perry D.L., Rees A.G.W., Rowland S.J. The functionality of organic nitrogen in some recent sediments from the Peru upwelling region. Organic Geochemistry. 18:1992;161-169.
57. Peulvé S., de Leeuw J.W., Sicre M.-A., Baas M., Saliot A. Characterization of macromolecular organic matter in sediment traps from the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 60:1996;1239-1259.
58. Peulvé S., Sicre M.-A., Saliot A., de Leeuw J.W., Baas M. Molecular characterization of suspended and sedimentary organic matter in an Arctic delta. Limnology and Oceanography. 41:1996;488-497.
59. Poutanen E.-L., Morris R.J. The occurrence of high molecular weight humic compounds in the organic-rich sediments of the Peru continental shelf. Oceanologica Acta. 6:1983;21-28.
60. Pouwels A.D., Tom A., Eijkel G.B., Boon J.J. Characterization of beech wood and its holocellulose and xylan fractions by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 11:1987;147-436.
61. Ragan M.A., Smidsrø O., Larsen B. Chelation of divalent metal ions by brown algal polyphenols. Marine Chemistry. 7:1979;265-271.
62. 2+ by brown algal polyphenols. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 44:1980;261-267.
63. Ragan M.A., Glombitza K.-W. Phlorotannins brown algal polyphenols. Progress in Phycology Research. 4:1986;129-241.
64. Rubinsztain Y., Ioselis P., Ikan R., Aizenshtat Z. Investigations on the structural units of melanoidins. Organic Geochemistry. 6:1984;791-804.
65. Rubinsztain Y., Yariv S., Ioselis P., Aizenshtat Z., Ikan R. Characterization of melanoidins by IR spectroscopy. I. Galactose-glycine melanoidins. Organic Geochemistry. 9:1986;117-125.
66. Rubinsztain Y., Yariv S., Ioselis P., Aizenshtat Z., Ikan R. Characterization of melanoidins by IR spectroscopy. II. Melanoidins of galactose with arginine, isoleucine, lysine and valine. Organic Geochemistry. 9:1986;371-374.
67. Ryther J.H. Photosynthesis and fish production in the sea. Science. 130:1969;72-76.
68. Saiz-Jimenez C., de Leeuw J.W. Lignin pyrolysis products: their structure and their significance as biomarkers. Organic Geochemistry. 10:1986;869-876.
69. Saiz-Jimenez C., de Leeuw J.W. Chemical characterisation of soil organic matter fractions by analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 9:1986;99-119.
70. 13C NMR and wet chemical data Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 11:1987;437-450.
71. Saliot A., Laureillard J., Scribe P., Sicre M.-A. Evolutionary trends with lipid biomarker approach for investigating the biogeochemistry of organic matter in the marine environment. Marine Chemistry. 36:1991;233-248.
72. Salmon V., Derenne S., Largeau C., Beaudoin B., Bardoux G., Mariotti A. Kerogen chemical structure and source organisms in a Cenomanian organic-rich black shale (central Italy): indications for an important role of the 'sorptive protection' pathway. Organic Geochemistry. 27:1997;423-438.
73. Sarnthein, M., Pflaumann, U., Ross, R., Tiedemann, R., Winn, K., 1992. Transfer functions to reconstruct ocean palaeoproductivity. In: Summerhayes, C.P., Prell, W.L., Emeis, K.C. (Eds.), Upwelling Systems: Evolution Since the Early Miocene. Geological Society Special Publication 64, pp. 411-427.
74. Schmid J.C., Connan J., Albrecht P. Occurrence and geological significance of long-chain dialkylthiacyclopentanes. Nature. 329:1987;54-56.
75. Sicre M.-A., Peulvé S., Saliot A., de Leeuw J.W., Baas M. Molecular characterization of the organic fraction of suspended matter in the surface waters and bottom nepheloid layer of the Rhone delta using analytical pyrolysis. Organic Geochemistry. 21:1994;11-26.
76. Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., ten Haven, H.L., de Leeuw, J.W., Schenck, P.A., 1986. Organic geochemical studies of a Messinian evaporite basin, northern Apennines (Italy). II. Isoprenoid and n-alkyl thiophenes and thiolanes. In: Leythaeuser, D., Rullköter, J. (Eds.), Advances in Organic Geochemistry, 1985, Organic Geochemistry 10. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 791-805.
77. Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., de Leeuw, J.W., 1990. Analysis, structure and geochemical significance of organically-bound sulphur in the geosphere: state of the art and future research. In: Durand, B., Behar, F. (Eds.), Advances in Organic Geochemistry, 1989, part II, Organic Geochemistry 16. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 1077-1101.
78. Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Eglinton T.I., de Leeuw J.W. Alkylpyrroles in a kerogen pyrolysate: evidence for abundant tetrapyrrole pigments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 56:1992;1743-1751.
79. Sinninghe Damsté J.S., de las Heras F.X.C., van Bergen P.F., de Leeuw J.W. Characterization of tertiary catalan lacustrine oil shale: discovery of extremely organic sulphur-rich type I kerogens. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 57:1993;389-415.
80. Stankiewicz B.A., Mastalerz M., Hof C.H.J., Bierstedt A., Flannery M.B., Briggs D.E.G., Evershed R.P. Biodegradation of the chitin-protein complex in crustacean cuticle. Organic Geochemistry. 28:1998;67-76.
81. Suess, E., Kulm, L.D., Killingley, J.S., 1987. Coastal upwelling and a history of organic-rich mudstone deposition off Peru. In: Brooks, J., Fleet, A.J. (Eds.), Marine Petroleum Source Rocks. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 181-197.
82. Tegelaar E.W., de Leeuw J.W., Derenne S., Largeau C. A reappraisal of kerogen formation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 53:1989;3103-3106.
83. Tissot, B.P., Welte, D.H., 1984. Petroleum Formation and Occurrence. Springer, Berlin.
84. Tsuge S., Matsubara H. High-resolution pyrolysis-gas chromatography of proteins and related materials. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 8:1985;49-64.
85. Volkman J.K., Johns R.B., Gillan F.T., Perry G.J., Bavor H.J. Jr. Microbial lipids of an intertidal sediment. I. Fatty acids and hydrocarbons. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 44:1980;1133-1143.
86. Zegouagh Y., Derenne S., Largeau C., Saliot A. Organic matter sources and diagenetic alterations in arctic surface sediments (Lena River delta and Laptev Sea, Eastern Siberia). I. Analysis of the carboxylic acids released via sequential treatments. Organic Geochemistry. 24:1996;841-849.