Gastrointestinal tonometry: Basic principles and recent advances in monitoring regional CO2 metabolism

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 17-27

  Taylor, David E ^a   Gutierrez, Guillermo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Gastric tonometry; Hypoxia; Oxygen transport

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE;

AEROBIC METABOLISM; AIR; ARTERIAL CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION; CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION; DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING; HUMAN; INTESTINE; MORTALITY; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; PH MEASUREMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REGIONAL PERFUSION; RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SPLANCHNIC BLOOD FLOW; STOMACH MUCOSA; STOMACH PH; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; TISSUE OXYGENATION; TISSUE PERFUSION; TONOMETRY;

EID: 0033053304     PISSN: 10693424     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1009443     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. 2 be included in the routine monitoring of intensive care unit patients? Crit Care Med 1991;19:141-143
2. Clark CH, Gutierrez G. Gastric intramucosal pH: A noninvasive method for the indirect measurement of tissue oxygenation. Am J Crit Care 1992;1:53-60
3. Gutierrez G, Brown SD. Gastric tonometry: A new monitoring modality in the intensive care unit. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 1995;10:34-44
4. Dantzker D. The gastrointestinal tract: The canary of the body? JAMA 1993;270:1247-1248
5. 2 in intestine during low flow. J Appl Physiol 1994;76:2443-2451
6. Boda D, Muranyi L. "Gastrotonometry": An aid to the control of ventilation during artificial respiration. Lancet 1959; 1:181-182
7. 2 and its influence on the intramural pH in gastric mucosa. J Surg Res 1982;33:39-48
8. 2 during peritonitis and shock. Chest 1993;104:1254-1258
9. 2 as monitor of perfusion failure during hemorrhagic and anaphylactic shock. J Appl Physiol 1994;76:572-577
10. Antonsson JB, Engstrom L, Rasmussen I, et al. Changes in gut intramucosal pH and gut oxygen extraction ratio in a porcine model of peritonitis and hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 1995;23:1872-1881
11. Schlichting E, Lyherg T. Monitoring of tissue oxygenation in shock: An experimental study in pigs. Crit Care Med 1995;23:1703-1710
12. 2 in endotoxemic dogs during shock and resuscitation. J Appl Physiol 1994;76:793-800
13. Fiddian-Green RG, Amelin PM, Herrmann JB, et al. Prediction of the development of sigmoid ischemia on the day of aortic operations: Indirect measurements of intrmural pH in the colon. Arch Surg 1986;121:654-660
14. Schiedler MG, Cutler BS, Fiddian-Green RG. Sigmoid intramural pH for prediction of ischemic colitis during aortic surgery: A comparison with risk factors and inferior mesenteric artery stump pressures. Arch Surg 1987;122:881-886
15. Fiddian-Green RG, Stanley JC, Nostrant T, et al. Chronic gastric ischemia: A cause of abdominal pain or bleeding identified from the presence of gastric mucosal acidosis. J Cardiovasc Surg 1989;30:852-859
16. Boley SJ, Brandt LJ, Veith FJ, et al. A new provocative test for chronic mesenteric ischemia. Am J Gastroenterol 1991;86: 888-891
17. Fiddian-Green RG, McGough E, Pittenger G, et al. Predictive value of intramural pH and other risk factors for massive bleeding from stress ulceration. Gastroenterology 1983;85: 613-620
18. Diebel L, Kozol R, Wilson RF, et al. Gastric intramucosal acidosis in patients with chronic kidney failure. Surgery 1993; 113:520-526
19. Roumen RM, Vreugde JPC, Goris JA. Gastric tonometry in multiple trauma patients. J Trauma 1994;36:313-316
20. Bjorck M, Hedberg B. Early detection of major complications after abdominal aortic surgery: Predictive value of sigmoid colon and gastric intramucosal pH monitoring. Br J Surg 1994;81:25-30
21. Downing A, Cottam S, Beard C, et al. Gastric mucosal pH predicts major morbidity following orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1993;25:1804
22. Frenetic L, Doblar DD, Singer D, et al. Gastric intramural pH as indicator of early allograft viability in orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation 1994;58:292-297
23. Mythen MG, Webb AR. Intra-operative gut mucosal hypoperfusion is associated with increased postoperative complications and cost. Intensive Care Medicine 1994;20:99-104
24. Mythen MG, Purdy G, Mackie IJ, et al. Postoperative multiple organ dysfunction syndrome associated with gut mucosal hypoperfusion, increased neutrophil degranulation and Cl-esterase inhibitor depletion. Br J Anaesth 1993;71:858-863
25. Mohsenifar Z, Hay A, Hay J, et al. Gastric intramural pH as a predictor of success or failure in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. Ann Intern Med 1993;119:794-798
26. Marik PE, Sibbald WJ. Effect of stored-blood transfusion on oxygen delivery in patients with sepsis. JAMA 1993;269: 3024-3029
27. Gys T, Hubens A, Neels H, et al. Prognostic value of gastric intramural pH in surgical intensive care patients. Crit Care Med 1988;16:1222-1224
28. Doglio GR, Pusajo JF, Egurrola MA, et al. Gastric mucosal pH as a prognostic index of mortality in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 1991;19:1037-1040
29. Maynard N, Bihari D, Beale R, et al. Assessment of splanchnic oxygenation by gastric tonometry in patients with acute circulatory failure. JAMA 1993;270:1203-1210
30. Gutierrez G, Bismar H, Dantzker DR, et al. Comparison of gastric intramucosal pH with measures of oxygen transport and consumption in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 1992;20:451-457
31. Marik PE. Gastric intramucosal pH: A better predictor of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome and death than oxygen-derived variables in patients with sepsis. Chest 1993;104: 225-229
32. Boyd O, Mackay CJ, Lamb G, et al. Comparison of clinical information gained from routine blood-gas analysis and from gastric tonometry for intramural pH. Lancet 1993;341: 142-146
33. Trinder TJ, Lavery GG, Fee JPH, et al. Low gastric intramucosal pH: Incidence and significance in intensive care patients. Anaesth Intensive Care 1995;23:315-321
34. Friedman G, Berlot G, Kahn RJ, et al. Combined measurements of blood lactate concentrations and gastric intramucosal pH in patients with severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 1995;23:1184-1193
35. Brown SD, Gutierrez G. Does gastric tonometry work? Yes. Crit Care Clin 1996;12:569-585
36. Knichwitz G, Kuhmann M, Brodner G, et al. Gastric tonometry: Precision and reliability are improved by a phosphate buffered solution. Crit Care Med 1996;24:512-516
37. Riddington D, Venkatesh KB, Glutton-Brock T, et al. Measuring carbon dioxide tension in saline and alternative solutions: Quantification of bias and precision in two blood gas analyzers. Crit Care Med 1994;22:96-100
38. 2 is an important source of error in the assessment of gastric intramucosal pH. Crit Care Med 1994;22:1877-1879
39. 2: A tonometric study. Gut 1994;35:737-741
40. Heard SO, Helsmoortel CM, Kent JC, et al. Gastric tonometry in healthy volunteers: Effect of ranitidine on calculated intramural pH. Crit Care Med 1991;19:271-274
41. Taylor DE, Gutierrez G, Clark C, et al. Measurement of gastric mucosal carbon dioxide tension by saline and air tonometry. J Crit Care 1997;12:208-213
42. Maynard N, Atkinson S, Mason R, et al. Influence of intravenous ranitidine on gastric intramucosal pH in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 1994;22:A79. Abstract
43. Salzman AL, Strong KE, Wang H, et al. Intraluminal "balloonless" air tonometry: A new method for determination of gastrointestinal mucosal carbon dioxide tension. Crit Care Med 1994;22:126-134
44. 2. Chest 1996;110:73S. Abstract
45. 2 in critically ill septic patients. Intensive Care Medicine 1997;23:524-529
46. Oud L, Kruse JA. Poor in vivo reproducibility of gastric intramucosal pH determined by saline-filled balloon tonometry. J Crit Care 1996;11:144-150
47. 2 difference is a better marker of ischemia than intramural pH (pHi) or arterial pH-pHi difference. J Crit Care 1996; 11:51-56
48. Russell JA. Gastric tonometry: Does it work? Intensive Care Med 1997;23:3-6
49. Guzman JA, Kruse JA. Development and validation of a technique for continuous monitoring of gastric intramucosal pH. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:694-700
50. 2 and pH in hemorrhagic shock using capnometric recirculating gas tonometry. Crit Care Med 1997;25: 533-537
51. 2 measurement in the gastrointestinal tract. Anesth Analg 1996;83:6-11
52. Nakagawa Y, Weil MH, Tang W, et al. Sublingual capnometry as an indicator of perfusion failure in human patients. Chest 1997;112:4S. Abstract
53. Gutierrez G, Clark C, Brown, SD, et al. Effect of dobutamine on oxygen consumption and gastric mucosal pH in septic patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;150:324-329
54. Marik PE, Mohedin M. The contrasting effects of dopamine and norepinephrine on systemic and splanchnic oxygen utilization in hyperdynamic sepsis. JAMA 1994;272:1354-1357
55. Maynard ND, Bihari DJ, Dalton RN, et al. Increasing splanchnic blood flow in the critically ill. Chest 1995;108:1648-1654
56. Silverman HJ, Tuma P. Gastric tonometry in patients with sepsis: Effects of dobutamine infusions and packed red blood cell transfusions. Chest 1992;102:184-188
57. Smithies M, Yee TH, Jackson L, et al. Protecting the gut and the liver in the critically ill: Effects of dopexamine. Crit Care Med 1994;22:789-795
58. Levy B, Bollaert PE, Charpentier C, et al. Comparison of norepinephrine and dobutamine to epinephrine for hemodynamics, lactate metabolism, and gastric tonometric variables in septic shock: A prospective, randomized study. Intensive Care Medicine 1997;23:282-287
59. Hamilton-Davies C, Mythen MG, Salmon JB, et al. Comparison of commonly used clinical indicators of hypovolaemia with gastrointestinal tonometry. Intensive Care Medicine 1997;23:276-281
60. Marik PE, Iglesias J, Maini Bj. Gastric intramucosal pH changes after volume replacement with hydroxyethyl starch or crystalloid in patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Crit Care 1997;12:51-55
61. Mythen MG, Webb AR. Perioperative plasma volume expansion reduces the incidence of gut mucosal hypoperfusion during cardiac surgery. Arch Surg 1995;130:423-429
62. Gutierrez G, Palizas F, Doglio G, et al. Gastric intramucosal pH as a therapeutic index of tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients. Lancet 1992;339:195-199
63. Garrett SA, Pearl RG. Improved gastric tonometry for monitoring tissue perfusion: The canary sings louder. Anesth Analg 1996;83:1-3
64. Connors AF, Speroff T, Dawson NV, et al. The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients. JAMA 1996;276:889-897
65. Fiddian-Green RG, Haglund U, Gutierrez G, et al. Goals for the resuscitation of shock. Crit Care Med 1993;21:S25-S31
66. Third European Consensus Conference in Intensive Care Medicine. Tissue hypoxia: How to detect, how to correct, how to prevent? J Crit Care 1997;12:39-47