Empirical validation of primary negative symptoms: Independence from effects of medication and psychosis

American Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 156, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 406-411

  Kelley, Mary E ^a   Van Kammen, Daniel P ^b   Allen, Daniel N ^b  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; DEPRESSION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOM; HUMAN; MALE; NEGATIVE SYNDROME; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

ADULT; AGE OF ONSET; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; ANXIETY DISORDERS; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; HALOPERIDOL; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTIVATION; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; PSYCHOMETRICS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY;

EID: 0033051566     PISSN: 0002953X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Crow TJ: Molecular pathology of schizophrenia: more than one disease process? Br Med J 1980; 280:66-68
2. Carpenter WT Jr, Heinrichs DW, Wagman AMI: Deficit and nondelicit forms of schizophrenia: the concept. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145:578-583
3. Tandon R, Jibson MD, Taylor SF, DeQuardo JR: Conceptual models of the relationship between positive and negative symptoms, in Contemporary Issues in the Treatment of Schizophrenia. Edited by Shriqui CL, Nasrallah HA. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1995, pp 109-124
4. Carpenter WT Jr, Conley RR, Buchanan RW, Breier A, Tamminga CA: Patient response and resource management: another view of clozapine treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:827-832
5. Keefe RSE, Mohs RC, Losonczy MF, Davidson M, Silverman JM, Kendler KS, Horvath TB, Nora R, Davis KL: Characteristics of very poor outcome schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144:889-895
6. Keefe RSE, Harvey PD, Lenzenweger MF, Davidson M, Apter SH, Schmeidler J, Mohs RC, Davis KL: Empirical assessment of the factorial structure of clinical symptoms in schizophrenia: negative symptoms. Psychiatry Res 1992; 44:153-165
7. Keefe RSE, Frescka E, Apter SH, Davidson M, Macaluso JM, Hirschowitz J, Davis KL: Clinical characteristics of Kraepelinian schizophrenia: replication and extension of previous findings. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153:806-811
8. Miller DD, Flaum M, Arndt S, Fleming F, Andreasen NC: Effect of antipsychotic withdrawal on negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 1994; 11:11-20
9. Möller H-J: The negative component in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995; 91(suppl 388):11-14
10. Tollefson GD, Sanger TM: Negative symptoms: a path analytic approach to a double-blind, placebo- and haloperidol-controlled clinical trial with olanzapine. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:466-474
11. Kirkpatrick B, Buchanan RW, McKenney PD, Alphs LD, Carpenter WT Jr: The schedule for the deficit syndrome: an instrument for research in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 1989; 30:119-123
12. Pogue-Geile MF, Harrow M: Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: their longitudinal course and prognostic importance. Schizophr Bull 1985; 11:427-439
13. Johnstone EC, Owens DGC, Frith CD, Crow TJ: The relative stability of positive and negative features in chronic schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1986; 150:60-64
14. Mueser KT, Douglas MS, Bellack AS, Morrison RL: Assessment of enduring deficit and negative symptom subtypes in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1991; 17:565-582
15. McGlashan TH, Fenton WS: The positive-negative distinction in schizophrenia: review of natural history validators. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49:63-72
16. Arndt S, Andreasen NC, Flaum M, Miller D, Nopoulos P: A longitudinal study of symptom dimensions in schizophrenia: prediction and patterns of change. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52:352-360
17. Häfner H, Maurer K: Epidemiology of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia, in Contemporary Issues in the Treatment of Schizophrenia. Edited by Shriqui CL, Nasrallah HA. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1995, pp 125-154
18. Eaton WW, Thara R, Federman B, Melton B, Liang K-Y: Structure and course of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52:127-134
19. Häfner H, Maurer K: Are there two types of schizophrenia? true onset and sequence of positive and negative syndromes prior to first admission, in Negative Versus Positive Schizophrenia. Edited by Marneros A, Andreasen NC, Tsuang MT. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1991, pp 134-159
20. Fenton WS, McGlashan TH: Testing systems for assessment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49:179-184
21. Marneras A, Deister A, Rohde A: Validity of the negative/positive dichotomy for schizophrenic disorders under long-term conditions. Schizophr Res 1992; 7:117-123
22. McGlashan TH, Fenton WS: Subtype progression and pathophysiologic deterioration in early schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1993; 19:71-84
23. Fenton WS, McGlashan TH: Antecedents, symptom progression, and long-term outcome of the deficit syndrome in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:351-356
24. Tandon R, Goldman RS, Goodson J, Greden JF: Mutability and relationship between positive and negative symptoms during neuroleptic treatment in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1990; 27:1323-1326
25. Tandon R, Ribeiro SCM, DeQuardo JR, Goldman RS, Goodson J, Greden JF: Covariance of positive and negative symptoms during neuroleptic treatment in schizophrenia: a replication. Biol Psychiatry 1993; 34:495-497
26. Addington J, Addington D: Positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: their course and relationship over time. Schizophr Res 1991; 5:51-59
27. van Kammen DP, Peters JL, Yao JK, van Kammen WB, Neylan T, Shaw D, Linnoila M: Norepinephrine in acute exacerbations of chronic schizophrenia: negative symptoms revisited. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47:161-168
28. Kelley ME, Gilbertson M, Mouton A, van Kammen DP: Deterioration in premorbid functioning in schizophrenia: a developmental model of negative symptoms in drug-free patients. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149:1543-1548
29. Andreasen NC, Flaum M, Swayze VW II, Tyrell G, Arndt S: Positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a critical reappraisal. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47:615-621
30. Spitzer RL, Endicott J: Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Lifetime Version, 3rd ed. New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research, 1979
31. Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M, First MB: Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research, 1989
32. Andreasen NC: Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: definition and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982; 39:784-788
33. Bunney WE Jr, Hamburg DA: Methods for reliable longitudinal observation of behavior. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1963; 9:280-294
34. Overall JE, Gorham DR: The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychol Rep 1962; 10:799-812
35. Simpson GM, Angus JWS: A rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1970; 212:11-19
36. van Kammen DP, Mouton A, Kelley M, Breeding W, Peters J: Explorations of dopamine and noradrenaline activity and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: concepts and controversies, in Negative Versus Positive Schizophrenia. Edited by Marneras A, Andreasen NC, Tsuang MT. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1991, pp 317-340
37. Rosen WG, Mohs RC, Johns CA, Small NS, Kendler KS, Horvath TB, Davis KL: Positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 1984; 13:277-284
38. Bilder RM, Mukherjee S, Rieder RO, Pandurangi AK: Symptomatic and neuropsychological components of defect states. Schizophr Bull 1985; 11:409-419
39. Liddle PF: The symptoms of chronic schizophrenia: a re-examination of the positive-negative dichotomy. Br J Psychiatry 1987; 151:145-151
40. Andreasen NC, Arndt S, Alliger R, Miller D, Flaum M: Symptoms of schizophrenia: methods, meanings, and mechanisms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52:341-351
41. Mueser KT, Sayers SL, Schooler NR, Mance RM, Haas GL: A multisite investigation of the reliability of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 1453-1462
42. Gibbons RD, Lewine RRJ, Davis JM, Schooler NR, Cole JO: An empirical test of a Kraepelinian vs a Bleulerian view of negative symptoms. Schizophr Bull 1985; 11:390-396
43. Stuart GW, Malone V, Currie J, Klimidis S, Minas IH: Positive and negative symptoms in neuroleptic-free psychotic inpatients. Schizophr Res 1995; 16:175-188
44. Toomey R, Kremen WS, Simpson JC, Samson JA, Seidman LJ, Lyons MJ, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT: Revisiting the factor structure for positive and negative symptoms: evidence from a large heterogeneous group of psychiatric patients. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:371-377
45. Crow TJ: The two-syndrome concept: origins and current status. Schizophr Bull 1985; 11:471-486
46. Flaum M, Andreasen NC: The reliability of distinguishing primary versus secondary negative symptoms. Compr Psychiatry 1995; 36:421-427