The toxicity of cyanobacterial toxins in the mouse; II anatoxin-a

Human and Experimental Toxicology

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 168-173

  Fawell, J K ^a   Mitchell, R E ^a   Hill, R E ^b   Everett, D J ^b  

^a WRc Natl Ctr for Environ Toxicol   (United Kingdom)

^b IQVIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Anatoxin a; Cyanobacteria; In vitro; In vivo; Mouse; Neurotoxicity; Risk assessment

Indexed keywords

ANATOXIN A; BACTERIAL TOXIN; DRINKING WATER; HEXAMETHONIUM; NICOTINE; NICOTINIC AGENT;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CHICKEN; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYANOBACTERIUM; FEMALE; GUINEA PIG; ILEUM; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; MALE; MOUSE; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING; NEUROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PHRENIC NERVE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; RESPIRATORY ARREST; SAFETY; TERATOGENICITY;

ANATIDAE; ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CAVIA PORCELLUS; CYANOBACTERIA; GALLUS GALLUS; SUS SCROFA;

EID: 0033049438     PISSN: 09603271     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/096032719901800306     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Carmichael WW. Freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) toxins. In: Natural Toxins: Characterization, Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Owenby CL and Odell GV (eds.) Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1989, pp. 3-16.
2. National Rivers Authority. Toxic blue-green algae. Water Quality Series No.2. National Rivers Authority, London, 1990.
3. Beasley VR et al. Algae intoxication in livestock and waterfowl. Clin Toxicol 1989; 5: 345-361 (Consulted in abstract only).
4. Carmichael WW. Toxins of freshwater algae. In: Handbook of Natural Toxins, Vol.3, Marine toxins and venoms. Tu AT (ed.) Marcel Dekker, New York, 1998 pp. 121-147.
5. Thomas P et al. (+)-Anatoxin-a is a potent agonist at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Neurochem 1993; 60: 2308-2311.
6. 3H]nicotine binding by the enantiomers of nicotine, nornicotine and anatoxin-a in membranes and solubilized preparations of different brain regions of rat. Naunyn-Schmeideberg's Arch Pharmacol 1993; 348: 28-34.
7. Spivak GE, Witkop B, Albuquerque EX. Anatoxin-a: a novel, potent agonist at the nicotinic receptor. Mol Pharmacol 1980; 18: 384-394.
8. Astrachan NB, Archer BG, Hilbelink DR. Evaluation of the subacute toxicity and teratogenicity of anatoxin-a. Toxicon 1980; 18: 684-688.
9. Fawell JK, James HA. Toxins from blue-green algae: toxicological assessment of anatoxin-a and a method for its determination in reservoir water. FWR Report No.FR0434/DoE 3728 1994.
10. Valentine WM, Schaeffor DJ, Beasley VR. Electromyographic assessment of the neuromuscular blockade produced in vivo by anatoxin-a in the rat. Toxicon 1991; 29: 347-357.
11. Lord JAH, Briggs IM. Anatoxin-A, Pharmacology: Isolated Guinea Pig Ileum Preparation (In Vitro). Toxicol WRU/10/PH 1993.
12. Lord JAH, Briggs IM. Anatoxin-A, Pharmacology: Isolated Rat Phrenic: Nerve Diaphragm Preparation (In Vitro). Toxicol WRU/8/PH 1993.
13. Lord JAH, Briggs IM. Anatoxin-A, Pharmacology: Isolated Chick Biventer Cirvicis Preparation (In Vitro). Toxicol WRU/9/PH 1993.
14. Reynolds N. Anatoxin-A, Pharmacology: Irwin Test In Mice. Toxicol WRU/6/PH 1993.
15. Reynolds N. Anatoxin-A, Pharmacology: Motor Coordination In Mice. Toxicol WRU/7/PH 1993.
16. Hill RE, Anatoxin-A, 5 Day Repeat Dose Oral (Gavage) Toxicity Study In The Mouse. Toxicol WRU/12/93 1993.
17. McAlinden C, Hill RE. Anatoxin-A, 4 Week Oral (Gavage) Toxicity Study In The Mouse. Toxicol WRU/13/94 1994.
18. Chandler L. Anatoxin-A, Oral (Gavage) Mouse In Vivo Developmental Toxicity Screening Study, Toxicol WRU/14/94 1994.
19. Siren A-L, Feuerstein G. Cardiovascular effects of anatoxin-a in the conscious rat. Toxicol Applied Pharmacol 1990; 102: 91-100.
20. Adeyemo OM, Siren AL. Cardio-respiratory changes and mortality in the conscious rat induced by (+)-and (± )-anatoxin-a. Toxicon 1992; 30: 899-905.
21. Thomas P, Brough PA, Gallagher T, Wonnacott S. Alkyl-modifiod side chain variants of anatoxin-a: a series of potent nicotinic agonists. Drug Develop Res 1994; 31: 147-156.
22. Stevens DK, Krieger RI. Effect of route of exposure and repeated doses on the acute toxicity in mice of the cyanobacterial nicotinic alkaloid anatoxin-a. Toxicon 1991; 29: 134-138.