메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 209, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 198-205

Origin of the chordate central nervous system and the origin of chordates

Author keywords

Chordate; Embryology; Nervous system; Phylogeny

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CHORDATA; EMBRYOLOGY; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0033049093     PISSN: 0949944X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s004270050244     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (96)

References (65)
  • 2
    • 0027968838 scopus 로고
    • Inversion of dorsoventral axis
    • Arendt D, Nübler-Jung K (1994) Inversion of dorsoventral axis. Nature 371: 26
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 26
    • Arendt, D.1    Nübler-Jung, K.2
  • 3
    • 0030111396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common ground plans in early brain development in mice and flies
    • Arendt D, Nübler-Jung K (1996) Common ground plans in early brain development in mice and flies. BioEssays 18: 255-259
    • (1996) BioEssays , vol.18 , pp. 255-259
    • Arendt, D.1    Nübler-Jung, K.2
  • 4
    • 0031043366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dorsal or ventral: Similarities in fate maps and gastrulation patterns in annelids, arthropods and chordates
    • Arendt D, Nübler-Jung K (1997) Dorsal or ventral: similarities in fate maps and gastrulation patterns in annelids, arthropods and chordates. Mech Dev 61: 7-21
    • (1997) Mech Dev , vol.61 , pp. 7-21
    • Arendt, D.1    Nübler-Jung, K.2
  • 5
    • 0031449636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of high-rank groups of organisms
    • Bergström J (1997) Origin of high-rank groups of organisms. Paleontol Res 1: 1-14
    • (1997) Paleontol Res , vol.1 , pp. 1-14
    • Bergström, J.1
  • 6
    • 0030161750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental genetics and traditional homology
    • Bolker JA, Raff RA (1996) Developmental genetics and traditional homology. BioEssays 18: 489-494
    • (1996) BioEssays , vol.18 , pp. 489-494
    • Bolker, J.A.1    Raff, R.A.2
  • 7
    • 0001423728 scopus 로고
    • The central nervous system in larval acraniates
    • Bone Q (1959) The central nervous system in larval acraniates. Q J Microsc Sci 100: 509-527
    • (1959) Q J Microsc Sci , vol.100 , pp. 509-527
    • Bone, Q.1
  • 8
    • 84956595871 scopus 로고
    • The anatomical organization of the nervous system of enteropneusts
    • Bullock TH (1946) The anatomical organization of the nervous system of enteropneusts. Q J Microsc Sci 86: 55-111
    • (1946) Q J Microsc Sci , vol.86 , pp. 55-111
    • Bullock, T.H.1
  • 9
    • 0030069298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conduction pathways in the nervous system of Saccoglossus sp. (Enteropneusta)
    • Cameron CB, Mackie GO (1996) Conduction pathways in the nervous system of Saccoglossus sp. (Enteropneusta). Can J Zool 74: 15-19
    • (1996) Can J Zool , vol.74 , pp. 15-19
    • Cameron, C.B.1    Mackie, G.O.2
  • 10
    • 0032584155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codon reassignment and amino acid composition in hemichordate mitochondria
    • Castresana J, Feldmaier-Fuchs G, Pääbo S (1998) Codon reassignment and amino acid composition in hemichordate mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 3703-3707
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 3703-3707
    • Castresana, J.1    Feldmaier-Fuchs, G.2    Pääbo, S.3
  • 11
    • 0345484515 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary hypothesis to account for the neural basis of behaviour in echinoderms
    • Burke RD, Mladenov PV, Lambert P, Parsley RL (eds) . Balkema, Rotterdam
    • Cobb JLS (1988) A preliminary hypothesis to account for the neural basis of behaviour in echinoderms. In: Burke RD, Mladenov PV, Lambert P, Parsley RL (eds) Echinoderm biology. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 565-573
    • (1988) Echinoderm Biology , pp. 565-573
    • Cobb, J.L.S.1
  • 12
    • 0008338056 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between the egg and larva of Saccoglossus kowalevskii (Enteropneusta): Axes and planes; general prospective significance of the early blastomeres
    • Colwin AL, Colwin LH (1951) Relationships between the egg and larva of Saccoglossus kowalevskii (Enteropneusta): axes and planes; general prospective significance of the early blastomeres. J Exp Zool 117: 111-137
    • (1951) J Exp Zool , vol.117 , pp. 111-137
    • Colwin, A.L.1    Colwin, L.H.2
  • 13
    • 0002126299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phylogenetic significance of some anatomical features of bivalve veliger larvae
    • Taylor J (ed) Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Cragg SM (1996) The phylogenetic significance of some anatomical features of bivalve veliger larvae. In: Taylor J (ed) Origin and evolutionary radiation of the Mollusca. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 371-380
    • (1996) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca , pp. 371-380
    • Cragg, S.M.1
  • 15
    • 0026026474 scopus 로고
    • Development of the Xenopus laevis hatching gland and its relationships to surface ectoderm patterning
    • Drysdale TA, Elinson RP (1991) Development of the Xenopus laevis hatching gland and its relationships to surface ectoderm patterning. Development 111: 469-478
    • (1991) Development , vol.111 , pp. 469-478
    • Drysdale, T.A.1    Elinson, R.P.2
  • 16
    • 0025234605 scopus 로고
    • Mapping of the presumptive brain regions in the neural plate of Xenopus laevis
    • Eagleson GW, Harris WA (1989) Mapping of the presumptive brain regions in the neural plate of Xenopus laevis. J Neurobiol 21: 427-440
    • (1989) J Neurobiol , vol.21 , pp. 427-440
    • Eagleson, G.W.1    Harris, W.A.2
  • 17
    • 0030536175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis support a tardigrade-arthropod association
    • Garey JR, Krotec M, Nelson D, Brooks J (1996) Molecular analysis support a tardigrade-arthropod association. Invert Biol 115: 79-88
    • (1996) Invert Biol , vol.115 , pp. 79-88
    • Garey, J.R.1    Krotec, M.2    Nelson, D.3    Brooks, J.4
  • 18
    • 0001121991 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary note on a new theory of the phylogeny of the Chordata
    • Garstang W (1894) Preliminary note on a new theory of the phylogeny of the Chordata. Zool Anz 17: 122-125
    • (1894) Zool Anz , vol.17 , pp. 122-125
    • Garstang, W.1
  • 19
    • 0002842366 scopus 로고
    • The morphology of the Tunicata, and its bearings on the phylogeny of the Chordata
    • Garstang W (1928) The morphology of the Tunicata, and its bearings on the phylogeny of the Chordata. Q J Microsc Sci 72: 51-187
    • (1928) Q J Microsc Sci , vol.72 , pp. 51-187
    • Garstang, W.1
  • 21
    • 0002664152 scopus 로고
    • Considérations générales sur la vertèbre
    • Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire E (1822) Considérations générales sur la vertèbre. Mém Mus Hist Nat 9: 89-119
    • (1822) Mém Mus Hist Nat , vol.9 , pp. 89-119
    • Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, E.1
  • 22
    • 0002974151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convergence in the feeding apparatuses of lophophorates and pterobranch hemichordates revealed by 18 s rDNA: An interpretation
    • Halanych K (1996) Convergence in the feeding apparatuses of lophophorates and pterobranch hemichordates revealed by 18 S rDNA: an interpretation. Biol Bull 190: 1-5
    • (1996) Biol Bull , vol.190 , pp. 1-5
    • Halanych, K.1
  • 24
    • 0026433584 scopus 로고
    • A molecular analysis of the phylogenetic affinities of Saccoglossus cambrensis Brambell & Cole (Hemichordata)
    • Holland PWH, Hacker AM, Williams NA (1991) A molecular analysis of the phylogenetic affinities of Saccoglossus cambrensis Brambell & Cole (Hemichordata). Philos Trans R Soc London Ser B 332: 185-189
    • (1991) Philos Trans R Soc London Ser B , vol.332 , pp. 185-189
    • Holland, P.W.H.1    Hacker, A.M.2    Williams, N.A.3
  • 27
    • 0009646109 scopus 로고
    • Recherches sur la phylogenèse des Tunic ers
    • Julin C (1904) Recherches sur la phylogenèse des Tunic ers. Z Wiss Zool 76: 544-611
    • (1904) Z Wiss Zool , vol.76 , pp. 544-611
    • Julin, C.1
  • 28
    • 0016633716 scopus 로고
    • Vital dye mapping of the gastrula and neurula of Xenopus laevis
    • Keller RE (1975) Vital dye mapping of the gastrula and neurula of Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol 42: 222-241
    • (1975) Dev Biol , vol.42 , pp. 222-241
    • Keller, R.E.1
  • 29
    • 0001566251 scopus 로고
    • On the nervous system of Saccoglossus cambrensis (Enteropneusta)
    • Knight-Jones EW (1952) On the nervous system of Saccoglossus cambrensis (Enteropneusta). Philos Trans R Soc London Ser B 236: 315-354
    • (1952) Philos Trans R Soc London Ser B , vol.236 , pp. 315-354
    • Knight-Jones, E.W.1
  • 30
    • 84951609123 scopus 로고
    • Weitere Studien über die Entwicklung der einfachen Ascidien
    • Kowalevsky A (1871) Weitere Studien über die Entwicklung der einfachen Ascidien. Arch Mikrosk Anat Entwicklungsmech 7: 101-130
    • (1871) Arch Mikrosk Anat Entwicklungsmech , vol.7 , pp. 101-130
    • Kowalevsky, A.1
  • 31
    • 0002868074 scopus 로고
    • Structure and organization of the nervous system in the trochophore larva of Spirobranchus
    • Lacalli TC (1984) Structure and organization of the nervous system in the trochophore larva of Spirobranchus. Philos Trans R Soc London Ser B 306: 79-135
    • (1984) Philos Trans R Soc London Ser B , vol.306 , pp. 79-135
    • Lacalli, T.C.1
  • 32
    • 0030021099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dorsoventral axis inversion: A phylogenetic perspective
    • Lacalli TC (1996a) Dorsoventral axis inversion: a phylogenetic perspective. BioEssays 18: 251-254
    • (1996) BioEssays , vol.18 , pp. 251-254
    • Lacalli, T.C.1
  • 33
    • 0000976382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landmarks and subdomains in the larval brain of Branchiostoma: Vertebrate homologs and invertebrate antecedents
    • Lacalli TC (1996b) Landmarks and subdomains in the larval brain of Branchiostoma: vertebrate homologs and invertebrate antecedents. Israel J Zool 42: S131-S146
    • (1996) Israel J Zool , vol.42
    • Lacalli, T.C.1
  • 34
    • 0030503189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesodermal pattern and repeats in the starfish bipinnaria larva, and related patterns in other deuterostome larvae and chordates
    • Lacalli TC (1996c) Mesodermal pattern and repeats in the starfish bipinnaria larva, and related patterns in other deuterostome larvae and chordates. Philos Trans R Soc London Ser B 351: 1737-1758
    • (1996) Philos Trans R Soc London Ser B , vol.351 , pp. 1737-1758
    • Lacalli, T.C.1
  • 35
    • 38249006211 scopus 로고
    • A distinctive nerve cell type common to diverse deuterostome larvae: Comparative data from echinoderms, hemichordates and amphioxus
    • Lacalli TC, West JE (1993) A distinctive nerve cell type common to diverse deuterostome larvae: comparative data from echinoderms, hemichordates and amphioxus. Acta Zool (Stockholm) 74: 1-8
    • (1993) Acta Zool (Stockholm) , vol.74 , pp. 1-8
    • Lacalli, T.C.1    West, J.E.2
  • 37
    • 0000229302 scopus 로고
    • Heads and tails: A chordate phylogeny
    • Maisey JG (1986) Heads and tails: a chordate phylogeny. Cladistics 2: 201-256
    • (1986) Cladistics , vol.2 , pp. 201-256
    • Maisey, J.G.1
  • 38
    • 0040457877 scopus 로고
    • The problem of the basic structural plan in various groups of Deuterostomia
    • Malakhov VV (1977) The problem of the basic structural plan in various groups of Deuterostomia. Zh Obshch Biol 38: 485-499
    • (1977) Zh Obshch Biol , vol.38 , pp. 485-499
    • Malakhov, V.V.1
  • 39
    • 0032028997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphioxus mitochondrial DNA, chordate phylogeny, and the limits of inference based or comparisons of sequences
    • Naylor GJP, Brown WM (1998) Amphioxus mitochondrial DNA, chordate phylogeny, and the limits of inference based or comparisons of sequences. Syst Biol 47: 61-76
    • (1998) Syst Biol , vol.47 , pp. 61-76
    • Naylor, G.J.P.1    Brown, W.M.2
  • 40
    • 0002336166 scopus 로고
    • Larval ciliary bands and metazoan phylogeny
    • Nielsen C (1979) Larval ciliary bands and metazoan phylogeny. Fortschr Zool Syst Evolutionsforsch 1: 178-184
    • (1979) Fortschr Zool Syst Evolutionsforsch , vol.1 , pp. 178-184
    • Nielsen, C.1
  • 41
    • 0001772782 scopus 로고
    • Animal phylogeny in the light of the trochaea theory
    • Nielsen C (1985) Animal phylogeny in the light of the trochaea theory. Biol J Linn Soc 25: 243-299
    • (1985) Biol J Linn Soc , vol.25 , pp. 243-299
    • Nielsen, C.1
  • 42
    • 0000404758 scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of metazoan ciliary bands and their phylogenetic significance
    • Nielsen C (1987) Structure and function of metazoan ciliary bands and their phylogenetic significance. Acta Zool (Stockholm) 68: 205-262
    • (1987) Acta Zool (Stockholm) , vol.68 , pp. 205-262
    • Nielsen, C.1
  • 44
    • 0001844895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phylogenetic position of the Arthropoda
    • Fortey RA, Thomas RH (eds) . The Systematics Association, London
    • Nielsen C (1997) The phylogenetic position of the Arthropoda. In: Fortey RA, Thomas RH (eds) Arthropod relationships. The Systematics Association, London, pp 11-22
    • (1997) Arthropod Relationships , pp. 11-22
    • Nielsen, C.1
  • 46
    • 0023202572 scopus 로고
    • Cell lineage analysis in ascidian embryos by intracellular injection of a tracer enzyme. III. Up to the tissue restricted stage
    • Nishida H (1987) Cell lineage analysis in ascidian embryos by intracellular injection of a tracer enzyme. III. Up to the tissue restricted stage. Dev Biol 121: 526-541
    • (1987) Dev Biol , vol.121 , pp. 526-541
    • Nishida, H.1
  • 47
    • 0028122640 scopus 로고
    • Is ventral in insects dorsal in vertebrates?
    • Nübler-Jung K, Arendt D (1994) Is ventral in insects dorsal in vertebrates? Roux's Arch Dev Biol 203: 357-366
    • (1994) Roux's Arch Dev Biol , vol.203 , pp. 357-366
    • Nübler-Jung, K.1    Arendt, D.2
  • 48
    • 0030113874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteropneusts and chordate evolution
    • Nübler-Jung K, Arendt D (1996) Enteropneusts and chordate evolution. Curr Biol 6: 352-353
    • (1996) Curr Biol , vol.6 , pp. 352-353
    • Nübler-Jung, K.1    Arendt, D.2
  • 49
    • 0032143356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of endostyle-specific genes in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis
    • Ogasawara M, Satoh N (1998) Isolation and characterization of endostyle-specific genes in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Biol Bull 195: 60-69
    • (1998) Biol Bull , vol.195 , pp. 60-69
    • Ogasawara, M.1    Satoh, N.2
  • 50
    • 38249017961 scopus 로고
    • Structure, ultrastructure and function of the neural gland complex of Ascidia interrupta (Chordata, Ascidiacea): Clarification of hypotheses regarding the evolution of the vertebrate pituitary
    • Ruppert EE (1990) Structure, ultrastructure and function of the neural gland complex of Ascidia interrupta (Chordata, Ascidiacea): clarification of hypotheses regarding the evolution of the vertebrate pituitary. Acta Zool (Stockholm) 71: 135-149
    • (1990) Acta Zool (Stockholm) , vol.71 , pp. 135-149
    • Ruppert, E.E.1
  • 51
    • 0002419748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: Microscopic anatomy of the notochord, heterochrony, and chordate evolution
    • Harrison FW (ed) . Wiley-Liss, New York
    • Ruppert EE (1997a) Introduction: Microscopic anatomy of the notochord, heterochrony, and chordate evolution. In: Harrison FW (ed) Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates, vol 15. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp 1-13
    • (1997) Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates , vol.15 , pp. 1-13
    • Ruppert, E.E.1
  • 52
    • 0001163912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cephalochordata (Acrania)
    • Harrison FW (ed) . Wiley-Liss, New York
    • Ruppert EE (1997b) Cephalochordata (Acrania). In: Harrison FW (ed) Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates, vol 15. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp 349-504
    • (1997) Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates , vol.15 , pp. 349-504
    • Ruppert, E.E.1
  • 53
    • 0026295663 scopus 로고
    • Cladistic analysis of metazoan phyla and the placement of fossil problematica
    • Simonetta AM, Conway Morris S (eds) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Schram FR (1991) Cladistic analysis of metazoan phyla and the placement of fossil problematica. In: Simonetta AM, Conway Morris S (eds) The early evolution of Metazoa and the significance of problematic taxa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 35-46
    • (1991) The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa , pp. 35-46
    • Schram, F.R.1
  • 54
    • 0004614738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of cavities - And kings
    • Schram FR (1997) Of cavities - and kings. Contr Zool 67: 143-150
    • (1997) Contr Zool , vol.67 , pp. 143-150
    • Schram, F.R.1
  • 55
    • 0037858733 scopus 로고
    • Die Appendicularien und Ascidien
    • 1. Abt. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig
    • Seeliger O (1893-1907) Die Appendicularien und Ascidien. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs, 3. Band (Suppl.), 1. Abt. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, pp 1-1280
    • (1893) Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs , vol.3 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 1-1280
    • Seeliger, O.1
  • 56
    • 0002074932 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the Annelida, Onychophora, and Arthropoda
    • Snodgrass RE (1938) Evolution of the Annelida, Onychophora, and Arthropoda. Smithson Misc Collect 97(6): 1-159
    • (1938) Smithson Misc Collect , vol.97 , Issue.6 , pp. 1-159
    • Snodgrass, R.E.1
  • 57
    • 0001540053 scopus 로고
    • Ciliary feeding of tornaria larvae of Ptychodera flava (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta)
    • Strathmann R, Bonar D (1976) Ciliary feeding of tornaria larvae of Ptychodera flava (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta). Mar Biol (Berl) 34: 317-324
    • (1976) Mar Biol (Berl) , vol.34 , pp. 317-324
    • Strathmann, R.1    Bonar, D.2
  • 58
    • 0029805898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of pharyngeal gill-specific genes in the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi
    • Tanaka KJ, Ogasawara M, Makabe KW, Satoh N (1996) Expression of pharyngeal gill-specific genes in the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. Dev Genes Evol 206: 218-226
    • (1996) Dev Genes Evol , vol.206 , pp. 218-226
    • Tanaka, K.J.1    Ogasawara, M.2    Makabe, K.W.3    Satoh, N.4
  • 59
    • 0001233127 scopus 로고
    • The presumptive areas of the egg of amphioxus
    • Tung TC, Wu SC, Tung YYF (1962) The presumptive areas of the egg of amphioxus. Sci Sin 11: 629-644
    • (1962) Sci Sin , vol.11 , pp. 629-644
    • Tung, T.C.1    Wu, S.C.2    Tung, Y.Y.F.3
  • 60
    • 0001494517 scopus 로고
    • Die Entwicklung von Strongylocentrotus lividus (Echinus microtuberculatus, Arbacia pustulosa)
    • Ubisch LV (1913) Die Entwicklung von Strongylocentrotus lividus (Echinus microtuberculatus, Arbacia pustulosa). Z Wiss Zool 106: 409-448
    • (1913) Z Wiss Zool , vol.106 , pp. 409-448
    • Ubisch, L.V.1
  • 61
    • 34347159027 scopus 로고
    • Gestaltungsanalyse am Amphibienkeim mit örtlicher Vitalfärbung. II. Teil. Gastrulation und Mesodermbildung bei Urodelen und Anuren
    • Vogt W (1929) Gestaltungsanalyse am Amphibienkeim mit örtlicher Vitalfärbung. II. Teil. Gastrulation und Mesodermbildung bei Urodelen und Anuren. Arch Entwicklungsmech Org 120: 384-706
    • (1929) Arch Entwicklungsmech Org , vol.120 , pp. 384-706
    • Vogt, W.1
  • 62
    • 0028262982 scopus 로고
    • Details of the evolutionary history from invertebrates to vertebrates, as deduced from sequences of 18 s rDNA
    • Wada H, Satoh N (1994) Details of the evolutionary history from invertebrates to vertebrates, as deduced from sequences of 18 S rDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 1801-1804
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 1801-1804
    • Wada, H.1    Satoh, N.2
  • 63
    • 0344622300 scopus 로고
    • Remarks on some recent work on the Protochordata, with a condensed account of some fresh observations on the Enteropneusta
    • Willey A (1899) Remarks on some recent work on the Protochordata, with a condensed account of some fresh observations on the Enteropneusta. Q J Microsc Sci 42: 223-244
    • (1899) Q J Microsc Sci , vol.42 , pp. 223-244
    • Willey, A.1
  • 64
    • 0000634022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 18 s rRNA alignments derived from different secondary structure models can produce alternative phylogenies
    • Winnepenninckx B, Backeljau T (1996) 18 S rRNA alignments derived from different secondary structure models can produce alternative phylogenies. J Zool Syst Evol Res 34: 135-143
    • (1996) J Zool Syst Evol Res , vol.34 , pp. 135-143
    • Winnepenninckx, B.1    Backeljau, T.2
  • 65
    • 0025179169 scopus 로고
    • Novel origins of lineage founder cells in the direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythro-gramma
    • Wray GA, Raff RA (1990) Novel origins of lineage founder cells in the direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythro-gramma. Dev Biol 141: 41-54
    • (1990) Dev Biol , vol.141 , pp. 41-54
    • Wray, G.A.1    Raff, R.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.