Longitudinal study of Cryptosporidium infection in children in northeastern Brazil

Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 180, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 167-175

  Newman, Robert D ^a,b,g   Sears, Cynthia L ^c   Moore, Sean R ^e   Nataro, James P ^d   Wuhib, Tadesse ^c   Agnew, Deborah A ^a   Guerrant, Richard L ^e   Lima, Aldo A M ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^f FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF CEARÁ   (Brazil)

^g HEALTH ALLIANCE INTERNATIONAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; BRAZIL; CHILD; CLINICAL FEATURE; CROWDING; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM; DIARRHEA; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FECES ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GIARDIA LAMBLIA; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OOCYST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; SALMONELLA; SHIGELLA;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BRAZIL; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; DIARRHEA; FECES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; INFANT, NEWBORN; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; POVERTY AREAS; RECURRENCE; RISK FACTORS; SEASONS; URBAN POPULATION;

EID: 0033044883     PISSN: 00221899     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/314820     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Petersen C. Cryptosporidiosis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 1992;15:903-9.
2. Laughon BE, Druckman DA, Vernon AA, et al. Prevalence of enteric pathogens in homosexual men with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Gastroenterology 1988;94:984-93.
3. MacKenzie WR, Hoxie NJ, Proctor ME, et al. A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply. N Engl J Med 1994;331:161-7.
4. Dworkin MS, Goldman DP, Wells TG, Kobayashi JM, Herwaldt BL. Cryptosporidiosis in Washington State: an outbreak associated with well water. J Infect Dis 1996;174:1372-6.
5. Millard PS, Gensheimer KF, Addiss DG, et al. An outbreak of acryptosporidiosis from fresh-pressed apple cider. JAMA 1994;272:1592-6.
6. Cordell RL, Addiss DG. Cryptosporidiosis in child care setting: a review of the literature and recommendations for prevention and control. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994;13:310-7
7. Miller K, Duran-Pinales C, Cruz-Lopez A, Morales-Lechuga L, Taren D, Enriquez FJ. Cryptosporidium parvum in children with diarrhea in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1994;51:322-5.
8. Molhak K, Hojlyng N, Gottschau A, et al. Cryptosporidiosis in infancy and childhood mortality in Guinea Bissau, West Africa. BMJ 1993;307: 417-20.
9. Fraser D, Dagan R, Naggan L, et al. Natural history of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium infections in a cohort of Israeli Bedouin infants: a study of a population in transition. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1997;57:544-9.
10. Cruz JR, Cano F, Caceres P, Chew F, Pareja G. Infection and diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium sp. among Guatemalan infants. J Clin Microbiol 1988;26:88-91.
11. Agnew DA, Lima AAM, Newman RD, et al. Cryptosporidiosis in north-eastern Brazilian children: association with increased diarrhea morbidity. J Infect Dis 1998;177:754-60.
12. Checkley W, Gilman RH, Epstein LD, et al. Asymptomatic and symptomatic cryptosporidiosis: their acute effect on weight gain in Peruvian children. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:156-63.
13. Ritchie DJ, Becker ES. Update on the management of intestinal cryptosporidiosis in AIDS. Ann Pharmacother 1994;28:767-78.
14. World Health Organization. Persistent diarrhoea in children in developing countries: Memorandum from a WHO meeting. Bull World Health Organ 1989;66:709-17.
15. World Health Organization. Use and interpretation of anthropometric indicators of nutritional status. Bull World Health Organ 1986;64:929-41.
16. Guerrant RL, Araujo V, Soares E, et al. Measurement of fecal lactoferrin as a marker of fecal leukocytes. J Clin Microbiol 1992;30:1238-42.
17. Fang GD, Lima AA, Martins CV, Nataro JP, Guerrant RL. Etiology and epidemiology of persistent diarrhea in northeastern Brazil: a hospital-based, prospective, case-control study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995;21:137-44.
18. Nataro JP, Kaper JB, Robins-Browne R, Prado V, Vial P, Levine MM. Patterns of adherence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli to HEp-2 cells. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1987;6:829-31.
19. Nataro JP, Kaper JB. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998;11:42-201.
20. Jerse AE, Gicquelais KG, Kaper JB. Plasmid and chromosomal elements involved in the pathogenesis of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 1991;59:3869-75.
21. Nataro JP, Baldini MM, Kaper JB, Black RE, Bravo N, Levine MM. Detection of an adherence factor of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with a DNA probe. J Infect Dis 1985;152:560-5.
22. Bilge SS, Apostol JM, Fullner KJ, Moseley SL. Transcriptional organization of the F1845 fimbrial adhesin determinant of Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 1993;7:933-1006.
23. Wood PK, Morris JG, Small PL, et al. Comparison of DNA probes and the Sereny test for identification of invasive Shigella and Escherichia coli strains. J Clin Microbiol 1986;24:498-500.
24. Levine MM, Xu J, Kaper JB, et al. A DNA probe to identify enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli of O157:H7 and other serotypes that cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. J Infect Dis 1987; 156:175-82.
25. Cox DR, Oakes D. Analysis of survival data. London: Chapman & Hall, 1984.
26. Adegbola RA, Demba E, De Veer G, Todd J. Cryptosporidium infection in Gambian children less than 5 years of age. J Trop Med Hyg 1994;97: 103-7.
27. Enriquez FJ, Avila CR, Santos JI, Tanaka-Kido J, Vallejo O, Sterling CR. Cryptosporidium infections in Mexican children: clinical, nutritional, enteropathogenic, and diagnostic evaluations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1997; 56:254-7.
28. Newman RD, Zu SX, Wuhib T, Lima AA, Guerrant RL, Sears CL. Household epidemiology of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in an urban community in northeast Brazil. Ann Intern Med 1994;120:500-5.
29. Seydel KB, Zhang T, Champion GA, et al. Cryptosporidium parvum infection of human intestinal xenographs in SCID mice induces production of human tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8. Infect Immun 1998;66: 2379-82.
30. Newman KD, Wuhib T, Lima AA, Guerrant RL, Sears CL. Environmental sources of Cryptosporidium in an urban slum in northeastern Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1993;49:270-5.
31. DuPont HL, Chappell CL, Sterling CR, Okhuysen PC, Rose JB, Jakubowski W. The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers. N Engl J Med 1995;332:855-9.
32. Chappell CL, Okhuysen PC, Sterling CR, DuPont HL. Cryptosporidium parvum: intensity of infection and oocyst excretion patterns in healthy volunteers. J Infect Dis 1996;173:232-6.
33. MacKenzie WR, Schell WL, Blair KA, et al. Massive outbreak of waterborne Cryptosporidium infection in Milwaukee, Wisconsin: recurrence of illness and risk of secondary transmission. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:57-62.
34. Cicirello HG, Kehl KS, Addiss DG, et al. Cryptosporidiosis children during a massive waterborne outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin: clinical, laboratory and epidemiologic findings. Epidemiol Infect 1997;119:53-60.
35. Gomez Morales MA, Ausiello CM, Guarino A, et al. Severe, protracted intestinal cryptosporidiosis associated with interferon-γ deficiency: pediatric case report. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:848-50.
36. Chen W, Harp JA, Harmsen AG, Havell EA. Gamma interferon functions in resistance to Cryptosporidium parvum infection in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Infect Immum 1993;61:3548-51.
37. Culshaw RJ, Bancroft GJ, McDonald V. Gut intraepithelial lymphocytes induce immunity against Cryptosporidium infection through a mechanism involving γ-interferon production. Infect Immun 1997;65:3074-9.
38. Tilley M, McDonald V, Bancroft GJ. Resolution of cryptosporidial infection in mice correlates with parasite-specific lymphocyte proliferation associated with both Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion. Parasite Immunol 1995;17:459-64.
39. Peng MM, Xiao L, Freeman AR, et al. Genetic polymorphism among Cryptosporidium parvum isolates: evidence of two distinct human transmission cycles. Emerg Infect Dis 1997;3:567-73.