Monitoring spinal cord motor and somatosensory evoked potentials in anesthetized primates

Neurological Research

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 359-367

  Ghaly, Ramsis F ^a,c   Stone, J L ^a   Lee, J J ^a   Ham, J H ^a   Levy, W J ^b  

^a Department of Ambulatory and Community Health   (United States)

^b Department of Neurosurgery ^*  (United States)

^c Chicago Institute of Neurosurgery and Neuroresearch   (United States)

Author keywords

Motor evoked potentials; Primates; Somatosensory evoked potentials; Spinal cord potentials; Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Indexed keywords

ANESTHETIC AGENT; METHOHEXITAL; NITROUS OXIDE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; EVOKED MUSCLE RESPONSE; EVOKED SOMATOSENSORY RESPONSE; MONKEY; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NERVE STIMULATION; NONHUMAN; POSTERIOR TIBIAL NERVE; PRIMATE; SPINAL CORD; SPINAL CORD POTENTIAL;

EID: 0033040351     PISSN: 01616412     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01616412.1999.11740944     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Boyd SG, Rothwell JC, Cowan JM, et al. A method of monitoring function in corticospinal pathways during scoliosis surgery with a note on motor conduction velocities. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986; 49: 251-257
2. Kitagawa H, Itoh T, Takano H, et al. Motor evoked potential monitoring during upper cervical spine surgery. Spine 1989; 14: 1078-1083
3. Levy WJ. Use of motor evoked potentials as a monitoring tool. In: Marsden CD, Rossini PM, eds. Non-Invasive Stimulation of Brain and Spinal Cord: Fundamentals and Clinical Applications, New York: Alan R. Liss, 1988: pp. 275-296
4. Levy WJ, York DH, McCaffrey M, et al. Motor evoked potentials from transcranial stimulation of the motor cortex in humans. Neurosurgery 1984; 15: 287-302
5. Shields CB, Paloheimo MPJ, Backman MH, et al. Intraoperative use of transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials. In: Chokroverty S, ed. Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston: Butterworth, 1990: pp. 173-184
6. Zenter J. Non-invasive motor evoked potential monitoring during neurosurgical operations on the spinal cord. Neurosurgery 1989; 24: 709-712
7. Merton PA, Morton HB. Stimulation of the cerebral cortex in the intact subject. Nature 1980; 285: 227
8. Barker AT, Jalinous R. Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex. Lancet 1985; 1: 1106-1107
9. Amassian VE, Stewart M, Quirk GJ, et al. Physiological basis of motor effects of a transient stimulus to cerebral cortex. Neurosurgery 1987; 20: 74-93
10. Burke D, Hicks R, Gandevia SC, et al. Direct comparison of corticospinal volleys in human subjects to transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation. J Physiology 1993; 470: 383-393
11. Burke D, Hicks R, Stephen JPH. Anodal and cathodal stimulation of the upper limb area of the human motor cortex. Brain 1992; 115: 1497-1508
12. Burke D, Hicks RG, Stephen JPH. Corticospinal volleys evoked by anodal and cathodal stimulation of human motor cortex. J Physiol 1990; 425: 283-299
13. Claus D, Mills KR, Murray NMF. Facilitation of muscle responses to magnetic brain stimulation by mechanical stimuli in man. Exp Brain Res 1988; 71: 273-278
14. Loughnan BA, Anderson SK, Hetreed MA, et al. Effects of halothane on motor evoked potential recorded in the extradural space. Br J Anaesth 1989; 63: 561-564
15. Rossini PM, Marciani MG, Caramia M, Roma V, et al. Nervous propagation along central motor pathways in intact man: Characteristics of motor responses to bifocal and unifocal spine and scalp non-invasive stimulation. Electroencephalograph Clin Neurophysiol 1985; 61: 272-286
16. Rothwell JC, Day BL, Thompson PD, et al. Some experiences of technique for stimulation of the human cerebral motor cortex through the scalp. Neurosurgery 1987; 20: 156-163
17. Ghaly RF, Stone JL, Levy WJ. A protocol for intraoperative somatosensory and motor evoked potentials (MEP) recordings. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 1992; 4: 68-69
18. Ghaly RF, Stone JL, Levy WJ, et al. The effect of an anesthetic induction dose of midazolam on motor potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the monkey. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 1991; 3: 20-27
19. Schonle PW, Isenberg C, Crozier TA, et al. Changes of transcranially evoked motor responses in man by midazolam, a short acting benzodiazepine. Neurosci Lett 1989; 101: 321-324
20. Stone JL, Ghaly RF, Levy WJ, et al. A comparative analysis of enflurane anesthesia on primate motor and somatosensory evoked potentials. Electroencephalogram Clin Neurophysiol 1992; 84: 180-187
21. Bernhard CG, Bohm E. Cortical representation and functional significance of the cortico-motoneuronal system. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1954; 72: 473-502
22. Humphrey DR, Corrie WS. Properties of the pyramidal tract neuron system within a functionally defined subregion of primate motor cortex. J Neurophysiol 1978; 41: 216-243
23. Katayama Y, Tsubokawa T, Sugitani M, et al. Assessment of spinal cord potentials: Part 1. Localization of lesions in experimental spinal cord injury. Neuro-Orthopaedics 1986; 1: 130-141
24. Konrad PE, Tacker WA, Levy WJ, et al. Motor evoked potentials in the dog: Effect of global ischemia on spinal cord and peripheral nerve signals. Neurosurgery 1987; 20: 117-124
25. Levy WJ, McCaffrey M, Haghighi S. Motor evoked potential as a predictor of recovery in chronic spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery 1987; 20: 138-142
26. Levy WJ, McCaffrey M, York D. Motor evoked potentials in cats with acute spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery 1986; 19: 9-19
27. Levy WJ, McCaffrey M, York DH, et al. Motor evoked potentials from transcranial stimulation of the motor cortex in cats. Neurosurgery 1984; 15: 214-227
28. Lorente de No R. The cerebral cortex architecture, intracortical connections and motor projections. In: Fulton JF, ed. Physiology of the Nervous System, New York: Oxford University Press, 1938: pp. 291-325
29. Patton HD, Amassian VE. The pyramidal tract: Its excitation and functions. Handbook of Physiology, Neurophysiology, Sect. 1, Vol. 11, Washington DC: American Physiology Society, 1960: pp. 837-861
30. Patton HD, Amassian VE. Single and multiple-unit analysis of cortical stage of pyramidal tract activation. J Neurophysiol 1954; 17: 345-363
31. Simpson RK, Baskin DS. Corticomotor evoked potentials in acute and chronic blunt spinal cord injury in the rat: Correlation with neurological outcome and histological damage. Neurosurgery 1987; 20: 131-137
32. Zappulla RA, Hollis P, Ryder J, et al. Noncortical origins of the spinal motor evoked potential in rats. Neurosurgery 1988; 22: 844-852
33. Hicks R, Burke D, Stephen J, et al. Corticospinal volley evoked by electrical stimulation of human motor cortex after withdrawal of volatile anaesthetics. J Physiol 1992; 456: 393-404
34. Ugawa Y, Rothwell JC, Day BL, et al. Percutaneous electrical stimulation of corticospinal pathways at the level of the pyramidal decussation in humans. Ann Neurol 1991; 29: 418-423
35. Ghaly RF, Stone JL, Levy WJ, et al. The effect of etomidate on transcranial magnetic induced motor evoked potentials in the monkey. Neurosurgery 1991; 27: 936-942
36. Ghaly RF, Stone JL, Aldrete JA, et al. Effects of incremental ketamine hydrochloride doses on motor evoked potentials (MEPs) following transcranial magnetic stimulation: A primate study. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 1990; 2: 79-85
37. Cracco RQ. Evaluation of conduction in central motor pathways: Techniques, pathophysiology, and clinical interpretation. Neurosurgery 1987; 20: 199-203
38. Edgley SA, Eyre JA, Lemon RN, et al. Excitation of the corticospinal tract by electromagnetic and electrical stimulation of the scalp in the Macaque monkey. J Physiol 1990; 425: 301-320
39. York DH. Review of descending motor pathways involved with transcranial stimulation. Neurosurgery 1987; 20: 70-73
40. Kawai N, Nagao S. Origin and conducting pathways of motor evoked potentials elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation in cats. Neurosurgery 1992; 31: 520-527
41. Amassian VE, Quirk GS, Stewart M. Magnetic coil versus electrical stimulation of monkey motor cortex. J Physiol 1987; 394: 119
42. Troni W, Cantello R, de Mattei M, et al. Muscle responses elicited by cortical stimulation in the human hand: Differential conditioning by activation of the proprioceptive and exteroceptive fibers in the median nerve. In: Rossini PM, Marsden CDE, eds. Non-Invasive Stimulation of Brain and Spinal Cord: Fundamental and Clinical Applications, New York: Alan R. Liss, 1988: pp. 73-83