Effects of spaceflight and PEG-IL-2 on rat physiological and immunological responses

Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 86, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 2065-2076

  Chapes, Stephen K ^a   Simske, Steven J ^b   Sonnenfeld, Gerald ^c   Miller, Edwin S ^d   Zimmerman, Robert J ^e  

^a KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UCB 450   (United States)

^c CAROLINAS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

^e NOVARTIS PHARMA AG   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Animal enclosure module; Bone; Lymphocyte; Macrophage; Pegylated interleukin 2; Space shuttle

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTERONE; INTERLEUKIN 2;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BLOOD CELL COUNT; BODY WEIGHT; BONE MASS; BONE STRENGTH; CORTICOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; NONHUMAN; ORGAN WEIGHT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SPACE FLIGHT;

EID: 0033039897     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1999.86.6.2065     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Allebban, Z., A. Ichiki, L. Gibson, J. Jones, C. Congdon, and R. Lange. Effects of spaceflight on the number of rat peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphocyte subsets. J. Leukoc. Biol. 55: 209-213, 1994.
2. Anderson, T. D., T. J. Hayes, G. D. Powers, M. K. Gately, R. Tudor, and A. Rushton. Comparative toxicity and pathology associated with administration of recombinant IL-2 to animals. Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol. 34A: 57-77, 1993.
3. Armstrong, J., K. Kirby-Dobbels, and S. Chapes. The effects of rM-CSF and rIL-6 therapy on immunosuppressed antiorthostatically suspended mice. J. Appl. Physiol. 78: 968-975, 1995.
4. Armstrong, J. A., S. Balch, and S. K. Chapes. Interleukin-2 therapy reverses some immunosuppressive effects of skeletal unloading. J. Appl. Physiol. 77: 584-589, 1994.
5. Armstrong, J. A., K. Nelson, S. Simske, M. Luttges, J. J. Iandolo, and S. K. Chapes. Skeletal unloading causes organ specific changes in immune cell responses. J. Appl. Physiol. 75: 2734-2739, 1993.
6. Bauer, R. J., J. L. Winkelhake, J. D. Young, and R. J. Zimmerman. Protein drug delivery by programmed pump infusion: interleukin-2. In: Therapeutic Proteins: Phamacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, edited by A. H. C. Kung, R. A. Baughman, and J. W. Larrick. New York: Freeman, 1993, p. 239-253.
7. Bettuzzi, S., L. Troiano, P. Davalli, F. Tropea, M. Ingletti, E. Grassilli, D. Monti, A. Corti, and C. Franceschi. In vivo accumulation of sulfated glycoprotein 2 mRNA in rat thymocytes upon dexamethasone-induced cell death. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175: 810-815, 1991.
8. Bonting, S., J. Kishiyama, and R. Arno. Facilities for animal research in space. Adv. Space Biol. Med. 1: 279-325, 1991.
9. Bowen, D., and A. Fauci. Adrenal corticosteroids. In: Inflammation, edited by J. I. Gallin, I. M. Goldstein, and R. Snyderman. New York: Raven, 1988, p. 877-896.
10. Broz, J., S. Simske, A. Greenberg, and M. Luttges. Effects of rehydration state on the flexural properties of whole mouse long bones. J. Biomech. Eng. 115: 447-449, 1993.
11. Chapes, S., D. Morrison, J. Guikema, M. Lewis, and B. Spooner. Cytokine secretion by immune cells in space. J. Leukoc. Biol. 52: 104-110, 1992.
12. Chapes, S. K., E. Didier, and W. A. F. Tompkins. Macrophage cell line B6MP102 resembles peritoneal macrophages in tumor cell recognition and killing. J. Leukoc. Biol. 43: 28-35, 1988.
13. 12a. Chapes, S. K., S. J. Simske, A. A. Forsman, T. A. Bateman, and R. J. Zimmerman. Effects of spaceflight and IGF-1 on immune function. Adv. Space Res. In press.
14. Cogoli, A. The effect of hypogravity and hypergravity on cells of the immune system. J. Leukoc. Biol. 54: 259-268, 1993.
15. Cogoli, A., B. Bechler, M. Cogoli-Greuter, S. Criswell, H. Joller, P. Joller, E. Hunzinger, and O. Muller. Mitogenic signal transduction in T lymphocytes in microgravity. J. Leukoc. Biol. 53: 569-575, 1993.
16. Cunningham-Rundles, C., K. Kazbay, J. Hassett, Z. Zhou, and L. Mayer. Brief report: enhanced humoral immunity in common variable immunodeficiency after long-term treatment with polyethyleneglycol-conjugated interleukin-2. N. Engl. J. Med. 331: 918-921, 1994.
17. Cunningham-Rundles, C., L. Mayer, E. Sapira, and L. Mendelsohn. Restoration of immunoglobulin secretion in vitro in common variable immunodeficiency by in vivo treatment with polyethyleneglycol-conjugated human recombinant interleukin-2. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 64: 46-56, 1992.
18. Danielpour, D., L. Dart, K. Flanders, A. Roberts, and M. Sporn. Immunodetection and quantitation of the two forms of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-1 and TGF-2) secreted by cells in culture. J. Cell. Physiol. 138: 79-86, 1989.
19. Durnova, G. N., A. S. Kaplansky, and V. V. Portugalov. Effect of a 22-day space flight on the lymphoid organs of rats. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 47: 588-591, 1976.
20. Ey, P., S. Prowse, and C. Jenkin. Isolation of pure IgG(1), IgG(2a) and IgG(2b) immunoglobulins from mouse serum using protein A-sepharose. Immunochemistry 15: 429-436, 1978.
21. Fleming, S. D., J. J. Iandolo, and S. K. Chapes. Murine macrophage activation by staphylococcal exotoxins. Infect. Immun. 59: 4049-4055, 1991.
22. Fleming, S. D., C. Rosenkrans, and S. K. Chapes. Test of the antiorthostatic suspension model on mice: effects on the inflammatory cell response. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 61: 327-332, 1990.
23. Funke, I., O. Prummer, H. Schrezenmeier, D. Hardt, M. Weiss, F. Porzsolt, R. Arnold, and H. Heimpel. Capillary leak syndrome associated with elevated IL-2 serum levels after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Ann. Hematol. 68: 49-52, 1994.
24. Gould, C., M. Lyte, J. Williams, A. Mandel, and G. Sonnenfeld. Inhibited interferon-γ but normal interleukin-3 production from rats flown on the space shuttle. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 58: 983-986, 1987.
25. Grindeland, R., I. Popova, M. Vasques, and S. Arnaud. Cosmos 1887 mission overview: effects of microgravity on rat body and adrenal weights and plasma constituents. FASEB J. 4: 105-109, 1990.
26. Grove, D., A. Pishak, and A. Mastro. The effect of a 10-day space flight on the function, phenotype, and adhesion molecule expression of splenocytes and lymph node lymphocytes. Exp. Cell Res. 219: 102-109, 1995.
27. Helle, M., L. Boeije, and L. Aarden. Functional discrimination between interleukin 6 and interleukin 1. Eur. J. Immunol. 18: 1535-1540, 1988.
28. Ichiki, A., L. Gibson, and Z. Allebban. Effects of spaceflight on rat leukocytes. J. Leukoc, Biol. 56, Suppl.: 34, 1994.
29. Ichiki, A., L. Gibson, T. Jago, K. Strickland, D. Johnson, R. Lange, and Z. Allebban. Effects of spaceflight on rat peripheral blood leukocytes and bone marrow progenitor cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 60: 37-43, 1996.
30. Konstantinova, I., M. Rykova, A. Lesnyak, and E. Antropova. Immune changes during long-duration missions. J. Leukoc. Biol. 54: 189-201, 1993.
31. Lesnyak, A., G. Sonnenfeld, L. Avery, I. Konstantinova, M. Rykova, D. Meshkov, and T. Orlova. Effect of SLS-2 spaceflight on immunologic parameters of rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 81: 178-182, 1996.
32. Lesnyak, A., G. Sonnenfeld, M. Rykova, D. Meshkov, A. Mastro, and I. Konstantinova. Immune changes in test animals during spaceflight. J. Leukoc. Biol. 54: 214-226, 1993.
33. Lotzw, M. Biological therapy with interleukin-2: preclinical studies. In: Biologic Therapy of Cancer (2nd ed.), edited by V. T. Devita, S. Hellman, and S. A. Rosenburg. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, 1995, p. 207-233.
34. Meehan, R., P. Whitson, and C. Sams. The role of psychoneuroendocrine factors on spaceflight-induced immunological alterations. J. Leukoc. Biol. 54: 236-244, 1993.
35. Merrill, A., Jr., E. Wang, R. Mullins, R. Grindeland, and I. Popova. Analyses of plasma for metabolic and hormonal changes in rats flown aboard COSMOS 2044. J. Appl. Physiol. 73, Suppl.: 132S-135S, 1992.
36. Miller, E., D. Koebel, and G. Sonnenfeld. Influence of spaceflight on the production of interleukin-3 and interleukin-6 by rat spleen and thymus cells. J. Appl. Physiol. 78: 810-813, 1995.
37. Morey, E. R., and D. J. Baylink. Inhibition of bone formation during spaceflight. Science 201: 1138-1141, 1978.
38. Morey-Holton, E., and S. Arnaud. Skeletal responses to space flight. Adv. Space Biol. Med. 1: 37-69, 1991.
39. Musacchia, X., J. Steffen, R. Fell, and J. Dombrowski. Physiological comparison of rat muscle in body suspension and weightlessness. Physiologist 30: 102-105, 1987.
40. Nash, P., I. Konstantinova, B. Fuchs, A. Rakhmilevich, A. Lesnyak, and A. Mastro. Effect of spaceflight on lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 production. J. Appl. Physiol. 73, Suppl.: 186S-190S, 1992.
41. Nash, P., and A. Mastro. Variable lymphocyte responses in rats after space flight. Exp. Cell Res. 202: 125-131, 1992.
42. Nicogossian, A. Overall physiological response to space flight. 2nd ed. In: Space Physiology and Medicine (2nd ed.), edited by A. E. Nicogossian, C. Huntoon, and S. Pool. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger, 1989, p. 139-153.
43. Rowland, R. R. R., E. Reyes, R. Chukwuocha, and S. Tokuda. Corticosteroid and immune responses of mice following mini-osmotic pump implantation. Immunopharmacology 20: 187-190, 1990.
44. Shaw, S. R., A. C. Vailas, R. E. Grindeland, and R. F. Zernicke. Effects of a 1-wk spaceflight on morphological and mechanical properties of growing bone. Am. J. Physiol. 254 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 23): R78-R83, 1988.
45. Simske, S., A. Greenberg, and M. Luttges. Effect of suspension on mouse bone microhardness. J. Material Sci. Mater. Med. 2: 43-50, 1991.
46. Simske, S., H. Wachtel, and M. Luttges. Effect of localized pulsed electromagnetic fields on tail-suspension osteopenia in growing mice. Bioelectromagnetics 12: 101-116, 1991.
47. Smith, M., P. Johnson, and A. LeBlanc. Animal enclosure module inflight test. In: Results of the Life Sciences DSOs Conducted Aboard the Space Shuttle 1981-1986, edited by M. W. Bungo, T. M. Bagian, M. W. Bowman and B. M. lovetan. Houston, TX: NASA, 1987, p. 75-77.
48. Sonnenfeld, G., S. Davis, G. R. Taylor, A. D. Mandel, I. V. Konstantinova, A. Lesnyak, B. B. Fuchs, C. Peres, J. Tkackzuk, and D. A. Schmitt. Effect of space flight on cytokine production and other immunologic parameters of rhesus monkeys. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 16: 409-415, 1996.
49. Sonnenfeld, G., A. Mandel, I. Konstantinova, W. Berry, G. Taylor, A. Lesnyak, B. Fuchs, and A. Rakhmilevich. Space-flight alters immune cell function and distribution. J. Appl. Physiol. 7, Suppl.: 191S-195S, 1992.
50. Sonnenfeld, G., A. Mandel, I. Konstantinova, G. Taylor, W. Berry, S. Wellhausen, A. Lesnyak, and B. Fuchs. Effects of spaceflight on levels and activity of immune cells. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 61: 648-653, 1990.
51. Spengler, D. M., E. R. Morey, D. R. Carter, R. T. Turner, and D. J. Baylink. Effects of spaceflight on structural and material strength of growing bone. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 174: 224-228, 1983.
52. Stauber, W., V. Fritz, T. Burkovskaya, and E. IlyinaKakueva. Effect of injury on mast cells of rat gastrocnemius muscle with respect to gravitational exposure. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 59: 87-94, 1993.
53. Sznol, M., and D. R. Parkinson. Clinical applications of IL-2. Oncology 8: 61-67, 1994.
54. Taylor, G. Overview of spaceflight immunology studies. J. Leukoc. Biol. 54: 179-188, 1993.
55. Taylor, G., and J. Dardano. US/USSR space biology and medicine: human cellular immune responsiveness following space flight. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 54: S55-S59, 1983.
56. Taylor, G., L. Neale, and J. Dardano. Immunological analyses of U.S. Space Shuttle crew members. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 57: 213-217, 1986.
57. Teppler, H., G. Kaplan, K. Smith, P. Cameron, A. Montana, P. Meyn, and Z. Cohn. Efficacy of low doses of the polyethylene glycol derivative of interleukin-2 in modulating the immune response of patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J. Infect. Dis. 167: 291-298, 1993.
58. Teppler, H., G. Kaplan, K. Smith, A. Montana, P. Meyn, and Z. Cohn. Prolonged immunostimulatory effect of low-dose polyethylene glycol interleukin-2 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J. Exp. Med. 177: 483-492, 1993.
59. Tipton, C., J. Overton, M. Joyner, and A. Hargens. Local fluid shifts in humans and rats: comparison of simulation models with actual weightlessness. Physiologist 30, Suppl.: S117-S119, 1987.
60. Tracey, K. The acute and chronic pathophysiogic effects of TNF-α: mediation of septic shock and wasting (cachexia). In: Tumor Necrosis Factors: The Molecules and Their Emerging Role in Medicine, edited by B. Beutler. New York: Raven, 1992, p. 255-273.
61. Vacek, A., A. Bartonickov, D. Rotkovsk, T. Michurina, E. Damaratskaya, and L. Serova. The effects of weightlessness and increased gravity on hemopoietic stem cells of rats and mice. Physiologist 26, Suppl.: S131-S132, 1983.
62. Vico, L., and C. Alexandre. Microgravity and bone adaptation at the tissue level. J. Bone Mineral Res. 7, Suppl.: S445-S447, 1992.
63. Vico, L., S. Bourrin, C. Genty, S. Palle, and C. Alexandre. Histomorphometric analyses of cancellous bone from COSMOS 2044 rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 75: 2203-2208, 1993.
64. Whittington, R., and D. Faulds. Interleukin-2: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in patients with cancer. Drugs 46: 446-514, 1993.
65. Wronski, T. J., M. Li, Y. Shen, S. C. Miller, B. M. Bowman, P. Kostenuik, and B. P. Halloran. Lack of an effect of spaceflight on bone mass and bone formation in group-housed rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 85: 279-285, 1998.
66. Zimmerman, R. J., S. L. Aukerman, N. V. Katre, J. L. Winkelhake, and J. D. Young. Schedule dependency of the antitumor activity and toxicity of polyethylene glycol-modified interleukin-2 in murine tumor models. Cancer Res. 49: 6521-6528, 1989.