Can autism be diagnosed accurately in children under 3 years?

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 219-226

  Stone, Wendy L ^a   Lee, Evon B ^b   Ashford, Linda ^b   Brissie, Jane ^b   Hepburn, Susan L ^b   Coonrod, Elaine E ^b   Weiss, Bahr H ^b  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Assessment; Autism; Diagnosis; Pervasive developmental disorder; Preschool children; Symptomatology

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUTISM; CLINICAL FEATURE; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; FEMALE; HUMAN; LANGUAGE DISABILITY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RELIABILITY; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

AGE FACTORS; AUTISTIC DISORDER; BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; CHILD DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS, PERVASIVE; CHILD PSYCHIATRY; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MANUALS; OBSERVER VARIATION; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR DISORDERS;

EID: 0033038885     PISSN: 00219630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0021963098003370     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Adrien, J. L., Barthelemy, C., Perrot, A., Roux, S., Lenoir, P., Hameury, L., & Sauvage, D. (1992). Validity and reliability of the Infant Behavioral Summarized Evaluation (IBSE): A rating scale for the assessment of young children with autism and developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 22, 375-394.
2. Agresti, A. (1990). Categorical data analysis. New York: Wiley.
3. Aitken, K. (1991). Diagnostic issues in autism - Are we measuring the emperor for another suit of clothes? Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 33, 1015-1020.
4. American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
5. American Psychiatric Association. (1993). DSM-IV draft criteria. Washington, DC: Author.
6. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
7. Baron-Cohen, S., Cox, A., Baird, G., Sweettenham, J., Nightingale, N., Morgan, K., Drew, A., & Charman, T. (1996). Psychological markers in the detection of autism in infancy in a large population. British Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 1-6.
8. Bondy, A. S., & Frost, L. A. (1995). Educational approaches in preschool: Behavior techniques in a public school setting. In E. Schopler & G. B. Mesibov (Eds.), Learning and cognition in autism (pp. 311-333). New York: Plenum Press.
9. Cicchetti, D. (1988). When diagnostic agreement is high, but reliability is low: Some paradoxes occurring in joint independent neuropsychology assessments. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 10, 605-622.
10. Dahlgren, S. O., & Gillberg, C. (1989). Symptoms in the first two years of life. European Archives of Psychiatry and Neurological Science, 238, 169-174.
11. DiLavore, P. C., Lord, C., & Rutter, M. (1995). The Prelinguistic Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25, 355-379.
12. Fein, D., Pennington, B., Markowitz, P., Braverman, M., & Waterhouse, L. (1986). Toward a neuropsychological model of infantile autism: Are the social deficits primary? Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 25, 198-212.
13. Gillberg, C., Ehlers, S., Schaumann, H., Jakobsson, G., Dahlgren, S. O., Lindbolm, R., Bagenholm, A., Tjuus, T., & Blidner, E. (1990). Autism under age 3 years: A clinical study of 28 cases referred for autistic symptoms in infancy. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 921-934.
14. Harris, S. L., Handleman, J. S., Gordon, R., Kristoff, B., & Fuentes, F. (1991). Changes in cognitive and language functioning of preschool children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 21, 281-290.
15. Hoyson, M., Jamieson, B., & Strain, P. S. (1984). Individualized group instruction of normally developing and autistic-like children: The LEAP curriculum model. Journal of the Division for Early Childhood, Summer, 157-172.
16. Lord, C. (1995). Follow-up of two-year-olds referred for possible autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 1365-1382.
17. Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 659-685.
18. Lovaas, O. I. (1987). Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 3-9.
19. McEachin, J. J., Smith, T., & Lovaas, O. I. (1993). Long-term outcome for children with autism who received early intensive behavioral treatment. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 97, 359-372.
20. Ohta, M., Nagai, Y., Hara, H., & Sasaki, M. (1987). Parental perception of behavioral symptoms in Japanese autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17, 549-563.
21. Okasha, A., & Seif El Dawla, A. (1992). Reliability of ICD-10 research criteria: An Arab perspective. Acta Psychiatrica Scamlinavica, 86, 484-488.
22. Rogers, S. J., & Lewis, H. (1989). An effective day treatment model for young children with pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 207-214.
23. Rutter, M. (1978). Diagnosis and definition of childhood autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 8, 139-161.
24. Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., & Renner, B. R. (1988). The Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
25. Siegel, B. (1991). Toward DSM-IV: A developmental approach to autistic disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14, 53-68.
26. Siegel, B., Pliner, C., Eschler, J., & Elliott, G. R. (1988). How children with autism are diagnosed: Difficulties in identification of children with multiple developmental delays. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 9, 199-204.
27. Spitzer, R. L., & Siegel, B. (1990). The DSM-III-R field trial of Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 855-862.
28. Stone, W. L., Hoffman, E. L., Lewis, S. L., & Ousley, O. Y. (1994). Early recognition of autism: Parental report vs. clinical observation. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 148, 174-179.
29. Stone, W. L., & Hogan, K. L. (1993). A structured parent interview for identifying young children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 23, 639-652.
30. Strain, P. S., Hoyson, M., & Jamieson, B. (1985). Normally developing preschoolers as intervention agents for autisticlike children: Effects on class deportment and social interaction. Journal of the Division for Early Childhood, Spring, 105-115.
31. Volkmar, F. R., Klin, A., Siegel, B., Szatmari, P., Lord, C., Campbell, M., Freeman, B. J., Cicchetti, D. V., Rutter, M., Kline, W., Buitelaar, J., Hattab, Y., Fombonne, E., Fuentes, J., Werry, J., Stone, W. L., Kerbeshian, J., Hoshino, Y., Bregman, J., Loveland, K., Szymanski, L., & Towbin, K. (1994). Field trial for autistic disorder in DSM-IV. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1361-1367.
32. Volkmar, F. R., Sparrow, S. S., Goudreau, D., Cicchetti, D. V., Paul, R., & Cohen, D. J. (1987). Social deficits in autism: An operational approach using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 156-161.