Parametrization of heterogeneous snowmelt

Theoretical and Applied Climatology

Volumn 62, Issue 1-2, 1999, Pages 25-30

  Essery, Richard ^a  

^a Hadley Centre   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYER; MELTING; PARAMETERIZATION; SNOWMELT; SURFACE FLUX;

EID: 0033037782     PISSN: 0177798X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s007040050071     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Arola, A., Lettenmaier, D. P., 1996: Effects of subgrid spatial heterogeneity on GCM-scale land surface energy and moisture fluxes. J. Climate, 9, 1339-1349.
2. Avissar, R., Pielke, R. A., 1989: A parametrization of heterogeneous land surfaces for atmospheric numerical models and its impact on regional meteorology. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2113-2136.
3. Blyth, E. M., 1995: Using a simple SVAT scheme to describe the effect of scale on aggregation. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 72, 267-285.
4. Blyth, E. M., Dolman, A. J., Wood, N., 1993: Effective resistance to sensible and latent heat flux in heterogeneous terrain. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 423-442.
5. Claussen, M., 1990: Area-averaging of surface fluxes in a neutrally stratified, horizontally inhomogeneous atmospheric boundary layer. Atmos. Environ. 24A, 1349-1360.
6. Claussen, M., 1991a: Estimation of areally-averaged surface fluxes. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 54, 387-410.
7. Claussen, M., 1991b: Local advection processes in the surface layer of the marginal ice zone. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 54, 1-27.
8. Essery, R. L. H., 1997a: Modelling fluxes of momentum, sensible heat and latent heat over heterogeneous snow cover. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1867-1883.
9. Essery, R. L. H., 1997b: Parametrization of fluxes over heterogeneous snow cover for GCMs. Annals of Glaciology, 25, (in press).
10. Liston, G. E., 1995: Local advection of momentum, heat and moisture during the melt of patchy snow covers. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 1705-1715.
11. Mahrt, L., 1996: The bulk aerodynamic formulation over heterogeneous surfaces. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 78, 87-119.
12. Marsh, P., Pomeroy, J. W., 1996: Meltwater fluxes at an Arctic forest-tundra site. Hydrological Processes, 10, 1383-1400.
13. Marsh, P., Pomeroy, J. W., Neumann, N., 1997: Sensible heat flux and local advection over a heterogeneous landscape at an Arctic tundra site during snowmelt. Annals of Glaciology, 25, (in press).
14. Sellers, P. J. and 8 others 1996: A revised land surface parametrization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMs. Part 1: Model formulation. J. Climate, 9, 676-705.
15. Shook, K., Gray, D. M., Pomeroy, J. W., 1993: Temporal variation in snowcover area during melt in prairie and alpine environments. Nordic Hydrology, 24, 183-198.
16. Verseghy, D. L., 1991: CLASS - a Canadian land surface scheme for GCMs. Int. J. Climatol., 11, 111-133.
17. Vihma, T., 1995: Subgrid parametrization of surface heat and momentum fluxes over polar oceans. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 22625-22646.
18. Wood, N., Mason, P., 1991: The influence of static stability on the effective roughness lengths for momentum and heat transfer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 117, 1025-1056.
19. Yang, Z.-L., Dickinson, R. E., Robock, A., Vinnikov, K. Y., 1997: On validation of the snow sub-model of the Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme with Russian snow cover and meteorological observational data. J. Climate, 10, 353-373.