Copulatory behavior, genital morphology, and male fertilization success in water striders

Evolution

Volumn 53, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 147-156

  Arnqvist, Göran ^a   Danielsson, Ingela ^b  

^a UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Copulatory courtship; Evolution of genitalia; Geometric morphometrics; Sexual selection; Sperm precedence

Indexed keywords

FERTILIZATION (REPRODUCTION); MATING BEHAVIOR; MORPHOLOGY; SEXUAL SELECTION;

GERRIDAE; GERRIS LATERALIS; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0033037244     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05340.x     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. ABELL, A. J. 1997. Estimating paternity with spatial behavior and DNA fingerprinting in the striped plateau lizard, Scleoporus virgatus (Phrynosomatidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 41:217-226.
2. ALEXANDER, R. D., D. C. MARSHALL, AND J. R. COOLEY. 1997. Evolutionary perspectives on insect mating. Pp. 4-31 in J. C. Choe and B. J. Crespi, eds. The evolution of mating systems in insect and arachnids. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
3. ANDERSEN, N. M. 1982. The semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera, Gerromorpha) phylogeny, adaptations, biogeography, and classification. Entomonograph Vol. 3. Scandinavian Science Press, Klampenborg, Denmark.
4. _. 1993. Classification, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the pond skater genus Gerris Fabricius (Hemiptera: Gerridae). Can. J. Zool. 71:2473-2508.
5. ANDERSSON, M. 1994. Sexual selection. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ.
6. ARNOLD, S. J., P. A. VERELL, AND S. G. TILLEY. 1996. The evolution of asymmetry in sexual isolation: a model and a test case. Evolution 50:1024-1033.
7. ARNQVIST, G. 1997a. The evolution of animal genitalia: distinguishing between hypotheses by single species studies. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 60:365-379.
8. _. 1997b. The evolution of water strider mating systems: causes and consequences of sexual conflicts. Pp. 146-163 in J. C. Choe and B. J. Crespi, eds. The evolution of mating systems in insects and arachnids. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
9. _. 1998. Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection. Nature 393:784-786.
10. ARNQVIST, G., AND I. DANIELSSON. 1999. Postmating sexual selection: the effects of male body size and recovery period on paternity and egg production rate in a water strider. Behav. Ecol. In press.
11. ARNQVIST, G., AND L. ROWE. 1995. Sexual conflict and arms races between the sexes: a morphological adaptation for control of mating in a female insect. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 261: 123-127.
12. ARNQVIST, G., AND R. THORNHILL. 1998. Evolution of animal genitalia: patterns of phenotypic and genotypic variation and condition dependence of genital and non-genital morphology in a water strider. Genet. Res. 71:193-212.
13. ARNQVIST, G., R. THORNHILL, AND L. ROWE. 1997. Evolution of animal genitalia: morphological correlates of fitness components in a water strider. J. Evol. Biol. 10:613-640.
14. BARRACLOUGH, T. G., P. H. HARVEY, AND S. NEE. 1995. Sexual selection and taxonomic diversity in passerine birds. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 259:211-215.
15. BERRIGAN, D., AND S. H. LOCKE. 1991. Body size and male reproductive performance in the flesh fly, Neobellieria bullata. J. Insect. Physiol. 37:575-581.
16. BIRKHEAD, T. R., AND A. P. MØLLER. 1992. Sperm competition in birds. Academic Press, London.
17. BISHOP, J. D., C. S. JONES, AND L. R. NOBLE. 1996. Female control of paternity in the internally fertilizing compound ascidian Diplosoma listerianum. 2. Investigation of male mating success using RAPD markers. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 263:401-407.
18. BISSOONDATH, C. J., AND C. WIKLUND. 1997. Effect of male body size on sperm precedence in the polyandrous butterfly Pieris napi L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Behav. Ecol. 8:518-523.
19. BOORMAN, E., AND G. A. PARKER. 1976. Sperm (ejaculate) competition in Drosophila melanogaster, and the reproductive value of females to males in relation to female age and mating status. Ecol. Entomol. 1:145-155.
20. CLARK, A. G., AND D. J. BEGUN. 1998. Female genotypes affect sperm displacement in Drosophila. Genetics 149:1487-1493.
21. CLARK, A. G., M. AGUAD, T. PROUT, L. G. HARSHMAN, AND C. H. LANGLEY. 1995. Variation in sperm displacement and its association with accessory gland protein loci in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 139:189-201.
22. COHEN, J. 1988. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
23. CONNER, J. K. 1995. Extreme variability in sperm precedence in the fungus beetle, Bolitotherus cornutus (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae). Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 7:277-280.
24. COOK, P. A., I. F. HARVEY, AND G. A. PARKER. 1997. Predicting variation in sperm precedence. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 352:771-780.
25. EADY, P. E. 1995. Why do male Callosobruchus maculatus beetles inseminate so many sperm? Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 36:25-32.
26. EBERHARD, W. G. 1985. Sexual selection and animal genitalia. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA.
27. _. 1991. Copulatory courtship and cryptic female choice in insects. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 66:1-31.
28. _. 1993. Evaluating models of sexual selection: genitalia as a test case. Am. Nat. 142:564-571.
29. _. 1994. Evidence for widespread courtship during copulation in 131 species of insects and spiders, and implications for cryptic female choice. Evolution 48:711-733.
30. _. 1996. Female control: sexual selection by cryptic female choice. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ.
31. EBERHARD, W. G., B. A. HUBER, R. L. RODRIGUEZ, R. D. BRICENO, I. SALAS, AND V. RODRIGUEZ. 1998. One size fits all? Relationships between the size and degree of variation in genitalia and other body parts in twenty species of insects and spiders. Evolution 52:415-431.
32. FERSON, S., F. J. ROHLF, AND R. K. KOEHN. 1985. Measuring shape variation of two-dimensional outlines. Syst. Zool. 34:59-68.
33. GAGE, M. J. G. 1992. Removal of rival sperm during copulation in a beetle, Tenebrio molitor. Anim. Behav. 44:587-589.
34. GULLBERG, A., M. OLSSON, AND H. TEGELSTRÖM. 1997. Male mating success, reproductive success and multiple paternity in a natural population of sand lizards: behavioural and molecular genetics data. Mol. Ecol. 6:105-112.
35. HEMING-VAN BATTUM, K. E., AND B. S. HEMING. 1989. Structure, function, and evolutionary significance of the reproductive system in males of Hebrus ruficeps and H. pusillus (Heteroptera, Gerromorpha, Hebridae). J. Morphol. 202:281-323.
36. HUGHES, K. A. 1997. Quantitative genetics of sperm precedence in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 145:139-151.
37. IWASA, Y., AND A. POMIANKOWSKI. 1995. Continual change in mate preferences. Nature 377:420-422.
38. LAMUNYON, C. W., AND T. EISNER. 1993. Postcopulatory sexual selection in an arctiid moth (Utetheisa ornatrix). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90:4689-4692.
39. _. 1994. Spermatophore size as determinant of paternity in an arctiid moth (Utetheisa ornatrix). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91:7081-7084
40. LANDE, R. 1981. Models of speciation by sexual selection on polygenic traits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:3721-3725.
41. _. 1982. Rapid origin of sexual isolation and character divergence in a cline. Evolution 36:213-223.
42. LAUER, M. J., A. SIH, AND J. J. KRUPA. 1996. Male density, female density and inter-sexual conflict in a stream-dwelling insect. Anim. Behav. 52:929-939.
43. LESTREL, P. E. 1997. Fourier descriptors and their applications in biology. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
44. LEWIS, S. M., AND S. N. AUSTAD. 1990. Sources of intraspecific variation in sperm precedence in red flour beetles. Am. Nat. 135: 351-359.
45. _. 1994. Sexual selection in flour beetles: the relationship between sperm precedence and male olfactory attractiveness. Behav. Ecol. 5:219-224.
46. LIU, J., J. M. MERCER, L. F. STAM, G. C. GIBSON, Z.-B. ZENG, AND C. C. LAURIE. 1996. Genetic analysis of a morphological shape difference in the male genitalia of Drosophila similans and D. mauritiana. Genetics 142:1129-1145.
47. LLOYD, J. E. 1979. Mating behavior and natural selection. Fla. Entomol. 62:17-34.
48. MCLAIN, D. L. 1980. Female choice and the adaptive significance of prolonged copulation in Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Psycke 87:325-336.
49. OLSSON, M., R. SHINE, T. MADSEN, A. GULLBERG, AND H. TEGELSTRÖM. 1996. Sperm selection by females. Nature 383:585.
50. ONO, T., M. T. SIVA-JOTHY, AND A. KATO. 1989. Removal and subsequent ingestion of rivals' semen during copulation in a tree cricket. Physiol. Entomol. 14:195-202.
51. OTRONEN, M. 1990. Mating behavior and sperm competition in the fly, Dryomyza anilis. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 26:349-356.
52. _. 1994. Fertilisation success in the fly Dryomyza anilis (Dryomyzidae): effects of male size and the mating situation. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 35:33-38.
53. _. 1997. Variation in sperm precedence during mating in male flies, Dryomyza anilis. Anim. Behav. 53:1233-1240.
54. PARKER, G. A. 1970. Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in the insects. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 45:525-567.
55. _. 1984. Sperm competition and the evolution of animal mating strategies. Pp. 1-60 in R. L. Smith, ed. Sperm competition and the evolution of animal mating systems. Academic Press, London.
56. PARKER, G. A., AND L. PARTRIDGE. 1998. Sexual conflict and speciation. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 353:261-274.
57. PARKER, G. A., AND L. W. SIMMONS. 1991. A model of constant random sperm displacement during mating: evidence from Scatophaga. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 246:107-115.
58. PARKER, G. A., L. W. SIMMONS, AND H. KIRK. 1990. Analysing sperm competition data: simple models for predicting mechanisms. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 27:55-65.
59. PEMBERTON, J. M., S. P. ALBON, F. E. GUINNESS, T. H. CLUTTON-BROCK, AND G. A. POWER. 1992. Behavioural estimates of male mating success tested by DNA fingerprinting in a polygynous mammal. Behav. Ecol. 3:66-75.
60. PHILLIPS, P. C., AND S. J. ARNOLD. 1989. Visualizing multivariate selection. Evolution 43:1209-1222.
61. PREZIOSI, R. F., AND FAIRBAIRN, D. J. 1996. Sexual size dimorphism and selection in the wild in the waterstrider Aquarius remigis: body size, components of body size and male mating success. J. Evol. Biol. 9:317-336.
62. RICE, W. R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225.
63. _. 1996. Sexually antagonistic male adaptation triggered by experimental arrest of female evolution. Nature 381:232-234.
64. RODRIGUEZ, V. 1995. Relation of flagellum length to reproductive success in male Chelymorpha alternans Boheman (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae). Coleopt. Bull. 49:201-205.
65. ROHLF, F. J. 1992. The analysis of shape variation using ordinations of fitted functions. Pp. 95-112 in J. T. Sorensen and R. Foottit, eds. Ordination in the study of morphology, evolution, and systematics of insects. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
66. ROHLF, F. J., AND J. A. ARCHIE. 1984. Comparison of Fourier methods for the description of wing shape in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Syst. Zool. 33:302-317.
67. ROHLF, F. J., AND L. F. MARCUS. 1993. A revolution in morphometrics. Trends Ecol. Evol. 8:129-132.
68. ROHLF, F. J., S. FERSON, AND M. ISAEV. 1995. Elliptic Fourier analysis for Windows. (http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/morph/soft-out.html).
69. ROWE, L., AND G. ARNQVIST. 1996. Analysis of the causal components of assortative mating in water striders. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 38:279-286.
70. ROWE, L., G. ARNQVIST, A. SIH, AND J. J. KRUPA. 1994. Sexual conflict and the evolutionary ecology of mating patterns: water striders as a model system. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9:289-293.
71. ROWE, L., D. REPASKY, AND A. R. PALMER. 1997. Size-dependent asymmetry: fluctuating asymmetry vs antisymmetry and its relevance to condition-dependent signalling. Evolution 51:1401-1408.
72. RUBENSTEIN, D. I. 1989. Sperm competition in the water strider, Gerris remigis. Anim. Behav. 38:631-636.
73. SAKALUK, S. K., AND A.-K. EGGERT. 1996. Female control of sperm transfer and intraspecific variation in sperm precedence: antecedents to the evolution of a courtship food gift. Evolution 50: 694-703.
74. SATTLER, W. 1957. Beobachtungen zur Fortpflanzung von Gerris najas De Geer (Heteroptera). Z. Morph. u. Ökol. Tiere 45:411-428.
75. SIMMONS, L. W., AND G. A. PARKER. 1992. Individual variation in sperm competition success of yellow dung flies Scatophaga stercoraria. Evolution 46:366-375.
76. SIMMONS, L. W., P. STOCKLEY, R. L. JACKSON, AND G. A. PARKER. 1996. Sperm competition or sperm selection: no evidence for female influence over paternity in yellow dung flies Scatophaga stercoraria. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 38:199-206.
77. SIVA-JOTHY, M. T. 1987. Variation in copulation duration and the resultant degree of sperm removal in Orthetrum cancellatum (L.) (Libellulidae: Odonata). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 20:147-151.
78. SIVA-JOTHY, M. T., AND Y. TSUBAKI. 1989. Variation in copulation duration in Mnais pruinosa pruinosa Selys (Odonata: Calopterygidae). 1. Alternative mate-securing tactics and sperm precedence. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 24:39-45.
79. SIVA-JOTHY, M. T., D. E. BLAKE, J. THOMPSON, AND J. J. RYDER. 1996. Short- and long-term sperm precedence in the beetle Tenebrio molitor: a test of the adaptive sperm removal hypothesis. Physiol. Entomol. 21:313-316.
80. SOKAL, R. R., AND F. J. ROHLF. 1995. Biometry. 3d ed. W. H. Freeman, New York.
81. SPENCE, J. R., AND N. M. ANDERSEN. 1994. Biology of water striders: interaction between systematics and ecology. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 39:101-128.
82. THORNHILL, R. 1983. Cryptic female choice and its implications in the scorpionfly Harpobittacus nigriceps. Am. Nat. 122:765-788.
83. THORNHILL, R., AND K. P. SAUER. 1991. The notal organ of the scorpionfly (Panorpa vulgaris): an adaptation to coerce mating duration. Behav. Ecol. 2:156-164.
84. UENO, H. 1994. Intraspecific variation of P2 value in a coccinellid beetle Harmonia axyridis. J. Ethol. 12:169-174.
85. WAAGE, J. K. 1979. Dual function of the damselfly penis: sperm removal and transfer. Science 203:916-918.
86. WARD, P. I. 1993. Females influence sperm storage and use in the yellow dung fly Scatophaga stercoraria (L.). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 32:313-319.
87. WATSON, P. J. 1991a. Multiple paternity and first mate sperm precedence in the sierra dome spider, Linyphia litigiosa Keyserling (Linyphiidae). Anim. Behav. 41:135-148.
88. _. 1991b. Multiple paternity as genetic bet-hedging in female sierra dome spiders, Linyphia litigiosa (Linyphiidae). Anim. Behav. 41:343-360.
89. _. 1998. Nonrandom multi-male mating by females increases offspring growth rates in the spider Neriene litigiosa (Linyphiidae). Anim. Behav. 55:387-403.
90. WATSON, P. J., AND J. R. B. LIGHTON. 1994. Sexual selection and the energetics of copulatory courtship in the sierra dome spider, Linyphia litigiosa. Anim. Behav. 48:615-626.
91. WEDELL, N. 1991. Sperm competition selects for nuptial feeding in a bushcricket. Evolution 45:1975-1978.
92. WHEATHERHEAD, P. J., AND P. T. BOAG. 1997. Genetic estimates of annual and lifetime reproductive success in male red-winged blackbirds. Ecology 78:884-896.
93. WILCOX, R. S., AND J. DI STEFANO. 1991. Vibratory signals enhance mate-guarding in a water strider (Hemiptera: Gerridae). J. Insect Behav. 4:43-50.
94. WILSON, N., S. C. TUBMAN, P. E. EADY, AND G. W. ROBERTSON. 1997. Female genotype affects male success in sperm competition. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 264:1491-1495.
95. WOLF, L. L., E. C. WALTZ, K. WAKELEY, AND D. KLOCKOWSKI. 1989. Copulation duration and sperm competition in white-faced dragonflies (Leucorrhinia intacta; Odonata: Libellulidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 24:63-68.
96. ZEH, J. A., AND D. W. ZEH. 1994. Last-male sperm precedence breaks down when females mate with three males. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 257:287-292.