Biochemical and molecular characteristics of the brain with developing cerebral infarction

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 93-108

  Kato, Hiroyuki ^a,c   Kogure, Kyuya ^b  

^a SAPPORO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^b Institute of Neuropathology   (Japan)

^c WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cerebral infarction; Focal cerebral ischemia; Gene expression; Inflammatory reaction; Penumbra; Stress response

Indexed keywords

BIOCHEMICAL MARKER;

APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN PROTECTION; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; IMMEDIATE EARLY GENE; INFLAMMATION; NERVE CELL LESION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REPERFUSION; REPERFUSION INJURY; STRESS;

EID: 0033035315     PISSN: 02724340     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1006920725663     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Abbott, N. J., Revest, P. A., and Romero, I. A. (1992). Astrocyte-endothelial interaction: Physiology and pathology. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 18:424-433.
2. Abe, K., Tanzi, R. E., and Kogure, K. (1991). Selective induction of Kunitz-type protein inhibitor domain-containing amyloid precursor protein mRNA after persistant focal ischemia in rat cerebral cortex. Neurosci. Lett. 125:172-174.
3. An, G., Lin, T. N., Liu, J. S., Xue, J. J., He, Y. Y., and Hsu, C. Y. (1993). Expression of c-fos and c-jun family genes after focal cerebral ischemia. Ann. Neurol. 33:457-464.
4. Araki, T., Kato, H., Inoue, T., and Kogure, K. (1990). Impairment of protein synthesis following brief cerebral ischemia in the gerbil. Acta Neuropathol. 79:501-505.
5. Astrup, J., Siesjö, B. K., and Symon, L. (1981). Thresholds in cerebral ischemia - The ischemic penumbra. Stroke 12:723-725.
6. Beckmann, R. P., Mizzen, L. A., and Welch, W. J. (1990). Interaction of HSP70 with newly synthesized proteins: Implications for protein folding and assembly. Science 248:850-854.
7. Benveniste, H., Drejer, J., Schousboe, A., and Diemer, N. H. (1984). Elevation of the extracellular concentrations of glutamate and aspartate in rat hippocampus during transient cerebral ischemia monitored by intracerebral microdialysis. J.Neurochem. 43:1369-1374.
8. Blinzinger, K., and Kreutzberg, G. W. (1968). Displacement of synaptic terminals from regenerating motoneurons by microglial cells. Z. Zellforsch. 85:145-157.
9. Bowes, M. P., Zivin, J. A., and Rothlein, R. (1993). Monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 adhesion site reduces neurological damage in a rabbit cerebral embolism stroke model. Exp. Neurol. 119:215-219.
10. Brightman, M. (1991). Implication of astroglia in the blood-brain barrier. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 633:343-347.
11. Buchan, A. M., Xue, D., Huang, Z.-G., Smith, K. H., and Lesiuk, H. (1991). Delayed AMPA receptor blockade reduces cerebral infarction induced by focal ischemia. NeuroReport 2:473-476.
12. Buchan, A. M., Slivka, A., and Yue, D. (1992). The effect of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on cerebral blood flow and infarct volume in experimental focal stroke. Brain Res. 574:171-177.
13. Chen, H., Chopp, M., and Bodzin, G. (1992). Neutropenia reduces the volume of cerebral infarct after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Neurosci. Res. Comm. 11:93-99.
14. Chen, H., Chopp, M., Schultz, L., Bodzin, G., and Garcia, J. H. (1993). Sequential neuronal and astrocytic changes after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. J. Neurol. Sci. 118:109-116.
15. Chen, J., Graham, S. H., Chan, P. H., Lan, J., Zhou, R. L., and Simon, R. P. (1995). Bcl-2 is expressed in neurons that survive focal ischemia in the rat. NeuroReport 6:394-398.
16. Choi, D. W. (1990a). Cerebral hypoxia: some new approaches and unanswered questions. J. Neurosci. 10:2493-2501.
17. Choi, D. W. (1990b). Methods for antagonizing glutamate toxicity. Cerebrovasc. Brain Metab. Rev. 2:105-147.
18. Chopp, M., Chen, H., Ho, K.-L., Dereski, M. O., Brown, E., Hetzel, F. W., and Welch, K. M. (1989). Transient hyperthermia protects against subsequent forebrain ischemic cell damage in the rat. Neurology 39:1396-1398.
19. Chopp, M., Zhang, R. L., Chen, H., Li, Y., Jiang, N., and Rusche, J. R. (1994). Postischemic administration of an anti-Mac-1 antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke 25:869-876.
20. Clark, W. M., Madden, K. P., Rothlein, R., and Zivin, J. A. (1991). Reduction of central nervous system ischemic injury in rabbits using leukocyte adhesion antibody treatment. Stroke 22:877-883.
21. Dietrich, W. D. (1992). The importance of brain temperature in cerebral injury. J. Neurotrauma 9 (Suppl. 2):S475-S485.
22. Dutka, A. J., Kochanek, P. M., and Hallenbeck, J. M. (1989). Influence of granulo-cytopenia on canine cerebral ischemia induced by air embolism. Stroke 20:390-395.
23. Eddleston, E., and Mucke, L. (1993). Molecular profile of reactive astrocytes. Implications for their role in neurologic disease. Neuroscience 54:15-36.
24. Gass, P., Spranger, M., Herdegen, T., Bravo, R., Köck, P., Hacke, W., and Kiessling, M. (1992). Induction of fos and jun proteins after focal ischemia in the rat: Different effect of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801. Acta Neuropathol. 84:545-553.
25. Gill, R., Andiné, P., Hillered, L., Persson, L., and Hagberg, H. (1992a). The effect of MK-801 on cortical spreading depression in the penumbral zone following focal ischaemia in the rat. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 12:371-379.
26. Gill, R., Nordholm, L., and Lodge, D. (1992b). The neuroprotective actions of 2,3- dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulhamoyl-benzo(F) quinoxaline (NBQX) in a rat focal ischemia model. Brain Res. 580:35-43.
27. Giulian, D. (1993). Reactive glia as rivals in regulating neuronal survival. Glia 7:102-110.
28. Giulian, D., and Robertson, C. (1990). Inhibition of mononuclear phagocytes reduces ischemic injury in the spinal cord. Ann. Neurol. 27:33-42.
29. Giulian, D., Vaca, K., and Corpuz, M. (1993). Brain glia release factors with opposing actions upon neuronal survival. J. Neurosci. 13:29-37.
30. Heiss, W.-D., and Rosner G. (1983). Functional recovery of cortical neurons as related to degree and duration of ischemia. Ann. Neurol. 14:294-301.
31. Hossmann, K.-A. (1976). Development and resolution of ischemic brain swelling. In Papius, H. M., and Feindel, W. (eds.), Dynamics of Brain Edema, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 219-227.
32. Hossmann, K.-A. (1994). Viability thresholds and the penumbra of focal ischemia. Ann. Neurol. 36:557-565.
33. Iadecola, C., Zhang, F., Xu, S., Casey, R., and Ross, E. (1995). Inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in brain following cerebral ischemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 15:378-384.
34. Jacewicz, M., Kiessling, M., and Pulsinelli, W. A. (1986). Selective gene expression in focal cerebral ischemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 6:263-272.
35. Kato, H., Liu, Y., Araki, T., and Kogure K. (1991). Temporal profile of the effects of pretreatment with brief cerebral ischemia on the neuronal damage following secondary ischemic insult in the gerbil: cumulative damage and protective effects. Brain Res. 553:238-242.
36. Kato, H., Kogure, K., Araki, T., and Itoyama, Y. (1994). Astroglial and microglial reactions in the gerbil hippocampus with induced ischemic tolerance. Brain Res. 664:101-107.
37. Kato, H., Kogure, K., Liu, X.-H., Araki T., Kato, K., and Itoyama, Y. (1995). Immuno-histochemical localization of the low molecular weight stress protein HSP27 following focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Brain Res. 679:1-7.
38. Kerr, J. F. R., Wyllie, A. H., and Currie, A. R. (1972). Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br. J. Cancer 26:239-245.
39. Kiessling, M., Dienel, M., Jacewicz, M., and Pulsinelli, W. A. (1986). Protein synthesis in postischemic rat brain: A two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 6:642-649.
40. Kinouchi, H., Sharp, F. R., Hill, M. P., Koistinaho, J., Sagar, S. M., and Chan, P. H. (1993). Induction of 70-kDa heat shock protein and hsp70 mRNA following transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 13:105-115.
41. Kinouchi, H., Sharp, F. R., Chan, P. H., Koistinaho, J., Sagar, S. M., and Yoshimoto, T. (1994). Induction of c-fos, junB, c-jun, and hsp70 mRNA in cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, and hippocampus following miffle cerebral artery occlusion. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 14:808-817.
42. Kirino, T. (1982). Delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampus following ischemia. Brain Res. 239:57-69.
43. Kirino, T., Tsujita, Y., and Tamura, A. (1991). Induced tolerance to ischemia in gerbil hippocampal neurons. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 11:299-307.
44. Kitagawa, K., Matsumoto, M., Tagaya, M., Hata, R., Ueda, H., Niinobe, M., Handa, N., Fukunaga, R., Kimura, K., Mikoshiba, K., and Kamada, T. (1990). "Ischemic tolerance" phenomenon found in the brain. Brain Res. 528:21-24.
45. Kochaneck, P. M., and Hallenbeck, J. M. (1992). Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and stroke. Stroke 23:1367-1379.
46. Kogure, K., Tanaka, T., and Araki, T. (1988). The mechanism of ischemia-induced brain cell injury: The membrane theory. Neurochem. Pathol. 9:145-170.
47. Koizumi, J., Yoshida, Y., Nakazawa, T., and Ooneda, G. (1986). Experimental studies of ischemic brain edema. 1. A new experimental model of cerebral ischemia in rats in which recirculation can be introduced in the ischemic area. Jpn. J. Stroke 8:1-8.
48. Kraig, R. P., and Nicholson, C. (1978). Extracellular ionic variations during spreading depression. Neuroscience 3:1045-1059.
49. Kumon, Y., Sakaki, S., Kadota, O., Matsuda, S., Fujita, H., Yoshimura, H., and Sakanaka, M. (1993). Transient increase in endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor in neurons of ischemic rat brains. Brain Res. 605:169-174.
50. Landry, J., and Chretine, P. (1989). Heat shock resistance conferred by expression of the human HSP27 gene in rodent cells. J. Cell Biol. 109:7-15.
51. Li, Y., Chopp, M., Garcia, J. H., Yoshida, Y., Zhang, Z. G., and Levine, S. R. (1992). Distribution of the 72-kDa heat-shock protein as a function of transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke 23:1292-1298.
52. Li, Y., Chopp, M., Zhang, Z. G., Zhang, R. L., and Garcia, H. (1993). Neuronal survival is associate with 72-kDa heat shock protein expression after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. J. Neurol. Sci. 120:187-194.
53. Li, Y., Chopp, M., Zhang, Z. G., Zaloga, C., Niewenhuis, L., and Gautam, S. (1994). p53-immunoreactive protein and p53 mRNA expression after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke 25:849-856.
54. Li, Y., Chopp, M., Jiang, N., Yao, F., and Zaloga, C. (1995). Temporal profile of in situ DNA fragmentation after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 15:389-397.
55. Lindquist, S., and Craig, E. A. (1988). The heat-shock protein. Annu. Rev. Genet. 22:631-677.
56. Lindvall, O., Ernfors, P., Bengzon, J., Kokaia, Z., Smith, M. L., Siesjö, B. K., and Persson, H. (1992). Differential regulation of mRNAs for nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophic 3 in the adult rat brain following cerebral ischemia and hypoglycemic coma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:648-652.
57. Linnik, M. D., Zobrist, R. H., and Hatfield, M. D. (1993). Evidence supporting a role for programmed cell death in focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke 24:2002-2009.
58. Liu, T., McDonnell, P. C., Young, P. R., White, R. F., Siren, A. L., Hallenbeck, J. M., Barone, F. C., and Feuerstein, G. Z. (1993). Interleukin-1b mRNA expression in ischemic rat cortex. Stroke 24:1746-1751.
59. Liu, T., Clark, R. K., McDonnell, P. C., Young, P. R., White, R. F., Barone, F. C., and Feuerstein, G. Z. (1994). Tumor necrosis factor-a expression in ischemic neurons. Stroke 25:1481-1488.
60. Longa, E. Z., Weinstein, P. R., Carlson, S., and Cummins, R. (1989). Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniotomyin rats. Stroke 20:84-91.
61. Matsumoto, K., Graf, R., Rosner, G., Taguchi, J., and Heiss, W.-D. (1993). Elevation of neuroactive substances in the cortex of cats during prolonged focal ischemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 13:586-594.
62. Matsuo, Y., Onodera, H., Shiga, Y., Shozuhara, H., Ninomiya, M., Kihara, T., Tamatani, T., Miyasaka, M., and Kogure, K. (1994). Roll of cell adhesion molecules in brain injury after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Brain Res. 656:344-352.
63. Memezawa, H., Smith, M.-L., and Siesjö, B. K. (1992). Penumbral tissues salvaged by reperfusion following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke 23:552-559.
64. Mies, G., Ishimaru, S., Xie, Y., Seo, K., and Hossmann, K.-A. (1991). Ischemic threshold of brain protein synthesis after unilateral carotid artery occlusion in gerbils. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 11:753-761.
65. 2+ elevation induced by in vitro ischemia-like condition in hippocampal slices. Brain Res. 601:103-110.
66. Mitani, A., Andou, Y., Matsuda, S., Arai, T., Sakanaka, M., and Kataoka, K. (1994). Origin of ischemia-induced glutamine efflux in the CA1 field of the gerbil hippocampus: An in vivo brain microdialysis study. J. Neurochem. 63:2152-2164.
67. Morgan, J. I., and Curran, T. (1991). Stimulus-transcription coupling in the nervous system: Involvement of the inducible proto-oncogenes fos and jun. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 14:421-251.
68. Mori, E., del Zoppo, G. L., Chambers, D., Copeland, B. R., and Arfors, K. E. (1992). Inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence suppresses no-reflow after focal cerebral ischemia in baboons. Stroke 23:712-718.
69. Morioka, T., Kalehua, A. N., and Streit, W. J. (1993). Characterization of microglial reaction after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 327: 123-132.
70. Nagasawa, H., and Kogure, K. (1989). Correlation between cerebral blood flow and histologic changes in a new rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke 20:1037-1043.
71. Nicholls, D., and Attwell, D. (1990). The release and uptake of excitatory amino acids. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 11:462-468.
72. Nowak, T. S., Jr. (1985). Synthesis of a stress protein following transient ischemia in the gerbil. J. Neurochem. 45:1635-1641.
73. Okada, Y., Copeland, B. R., Mori, E., Tung, M.-M., Thomas, W. S., and del Zoppo, G. J. (1994). P-Secletin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression after focal brain ischemia and reperfusion. Stroke 25:202-211.
74. Pelham, H. R. B. (1986). Speculations on the functions of the major heat shock and glucose-regulated proteins. Cell 46:959-961.
75. Petito, C. K., Chung, M. C., Verkhovsky, L. M., and Coopwe, A. J. L. (1992). Brain glutamine synthetase increases following cerebral ischemia in the rat. Brain Res. 569:275-280.
76. Pulsinelli, W. A., and Duffy, T. E. (1983). Regional energy balance in rat brain after transient forebrain ischemia. J. Neurochem. 40:1500-1503.
77. Riabowel, K. T., Mizzen, L. A., and Welch, W. J. (1988). Heat shock is lethal to fibroblasts microinjected with antibodies against hsp70. Science 242:433-436.
78. Rothman, S. M., and Olney, J. W. (1986). Glutamate and the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Ann. Neurol. 19:105-111.
79. Sauter, A., and Rudin, M. (1990). Calcium antagonists for reduction of brain damage in stroke. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 15 (Suppl. 1):S43-S47.
80. Searle, J., Kerr, J. F. K., and Bishop, C. J. (1982). Necrosis and apoptosis: Distinct modes of cell death with fundamentally different significance. Pathol. Annu. 17:229-259.
81. Sheng, M., and Greenberg, M. E. (1990). The regulation and function of c-fos and other immediate genes in the nervous system. Neuron 4:477-485.
82. Siesjö, B. K., and Bengtsson, F. (1989). Calcium fluxes, calcium antagonists, and calcium-related pathology in brain ischemia, hypoglycemia, and spreading depression: A unifying hypothesis. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 9:127-140.
83. Streit, W. J., Graeber, M. B., and Kreutzberg, G. W. (1988). Functional plasticity of microglia: A review. Glia 1:301-307.
84. Symon, L., Branston, N. M., Strong, A. J., and Hope, T. D. (1977). The concepts of thresholds of Ischaemia in relation to brain structure and function. J. Clin. Pathol. 30, Suppl. (Roy. Coll. Path.) 11:149-154.
85. Takeda, A., Onodera, H., Sugimoto, A., Kogure, K., Obinata, M., and Shibahara, S. (1993). Coordinated expression of messenger RNAs for nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 in the rat hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia. Neuroscience 55:23-31.
86. Tamura, A., Graham, D. I., McCulloch, J., and Teasdale, G. M. (1981). Focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. 1. Description of technique and early neuropathological consequences following middle cerebral artery occlusion. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 1:53-69.
87. Thilmann, R., Xie, Y., Klehues, P., and Kiessling, M. (1986). Persistent inhibition of protein synthesis precedes delayed neuronal death in postischemic gerbil hippocampus. Acta Neuropathol. 71:88-91.
88. Tominaga, T., Kure, S., Narisawa, K., and Yoshimoto, T. (1993). Endonuclease activation following focal ischemic injury in the rat brain. Brain Res. 608:21-26.
89. Uemura, Y., Kowall, N. W., and Moskowitz, M. A. (1991). Focal ischemia in rat causes time-dependent expression of c-fos protein immunoreactivity in widespread region of ipsilateral cortex. Brain Res. 552:99-105.
90. Vasthare, V. S., Heinel, L. A., Rosenwasser, R. H., and Tuma, R. F. (1990). Leokocyte involvement in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Surg. Neurol. 33:261-265.
91. Walz, W. (1989). Role of glial cells in the regulation of the brain microenvironment. Prog. Neurobiol. 33:309-333.
92. Wieloch, T. (1985). Neurochemical correlates to selective neuronal vulnerability. Prog. Brain Res. 63:69-85.