Changing the palace guard: Analysing the impact of women's entry into medicine

Gender, Work and Organization

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 106-121

  Williams, A Paul ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GENDER DISPARITY; WOMENS EMPLOYMENT;

CANADA; ONTARIO;

EID: 0033032758     PISSN: 09686673     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-0432.00074     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Abbott, A. (1993) The sociology of work and occupations. Annual Review of Sociology, 19,187-209.
2. ACMC Forum. (1992) Should Canadian Faculties of Medicine reduce the number of places for the study of medicine? Association of Canadian Medical Colleges Forum, 25, 1 and 2, 1-31.
3. Bensing, J.M., Van den Brink-Muinen, A. and De Bakker, D.H. (1993) Gender differences in practice style: a Dutch study of general practitioners. Medical Care, 31,3, 219-29.
4. Bertakis, K.D., Helms, L.J., Callahan, E.J., Azari, R. and Robbins, J.A. (1995) The influence of gender on physician practice style. Medical Care, 33, 407-16.
5. Burkett, G.L. and Kurz, D.E. (1981) A comparison of the professional values and career orientations of male and female medical students: some unidentified consequences of US public policy. Social Policy and Education, 2, 33-15.
6. Burns, R. (1995) It is time for organized medicine to put out the welcome mat for women. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 152,3, 392-3.
7. Canadian Medical Association. (1994) Preliminary Results of the 1993 Physician Resource Questionnaire. Ottawa: Canadian Medical Association.
8. Canadian Medical Association. (1996) Women in Medicine: The Canadian Experience. Ottawa: Canadian Medical Association.
9. Clements, K. and Johnston, N. (1994) Physicians in Ontario 1992. Hamilton, McMaster University: Ontario Physician Human Resource Data Centre.
10. Coburn, D., Rappolt, S. and Bourgeault, I. (1997) Decline vs. retention of medical power through restratification: and examination of the Ontario case. Sociology of Health and Illness, 19,1, 1-22.
11. Coburn, D., Torrance, G.M. and Kaufert, J.M. (1983) Medical dominance in historical perspective: the rise and fall of medicine? International Journal of Health Services, 13,3, 407-32.
12. Coombes, R.H. (1978) Mastering Medicine: Professional Socialization in Medical School. New York: Free Press.
13. Cooper, R.A. (1994) Seeking a balanced physician workforce for the 21st century. Journal of the American Medical Association, 272,9, 680-7.
14. Dennerstein, L., Lehert, P., Orams, R. et al. (1989) Practice patterns and family life - a survey of Melbourne medical graduates. Medical Journal of Australia, 151, 386-90.
15. Donaldson, G. (1993) Dr. Mom: when the hand that rocks the cradle wields a scalpel. The Medical Post, National Survey Issue, 64-70.
16. Dornbush, R.L., Richman, S., Singer, P. and Brownstein, E.J. (1991) Medical school, psychosocial attitudes, and gender. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 46,5, 150-2.
17. Ducker, D. (1994) Research on women physicians with multiple roles: a feminist perspective. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 49,3, May/June, 78-84.
18. Dufort, F. and Maheux, B. (1995) When female medical students are the majority: do numbers really make a difference? Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 50,1, 4-6.
19. Eagley, A.H. (1995) The science and politics of comparing men and women. American Psychology, March, 1-14.
20. Eisenberg, C. (1983) Women as physicians. Journal of Medical Education, 58, 534-41.
21. Eisenberg, J.M. (1985) Physician utilization: the state of research about physician's practice patterns. Medical Care, 23, 461-83.
22. Ferrier, B.M., Cohen, M. and Woodward, C.A. (1989) Men and women choose different careers in medicine: causes and consequences. Canadian Family Physician, 35, 1265-70.
23. Ferrier, B.M., Woodward, C.A., Cohen, M. and Williams, A.P. (1996) The employed spouse: impact on family physicians' career and family decisions. Unpublished manuscript, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
24. Fett, I. (1976) The future of women in Australian medicine. Medical Journal of Australia, Supplement 2, 33-9.
25. Frey, H. (1980) Swedish men and women doctors compared. Medical Education, 14, 143-53.
26. Gilligan, C. (1982) In a Different Voice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
27. Hakim, C. (1995) Five feminist myths about women's employment. British Journal of Sociology, 46,3, September, 429-55.
28. Hayes, M.D. (1981) The impact of women physicians on social change in medicine: the evolution of humane health care delivery systems. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 36,3, 82-3.
29. Hochschild, A. (1989) The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home. New York: Viking.
30. Hochschild, A. (1997) The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work. New York: Metropolitan Books.
31. Johnson, T. (1995) Governmentality and the institutionalization of expertise. In Johnson, T., Larkin, G. and Saks, M. (eds) Health Professions and the State in Europe, London: Routledge: 7-24.
32. Kanter, R.M. (1977) Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books.
33. Kealey, L. (1997) 1997 recipients of the MD degree from Canadian universities. Association of Canadian Medical Colleges Forum, 30, December, 5-6.
34. Keane, D., Woodward, C.A., Ferrier, B.M., Cohen, M. and Goldsmith, C.H. (1991) Female and male physicians: different practice profiles. Canadian Family Physician, 37, 72-81.
35. Kronus, C. (1976) Occupational versus organizational influences on reference group identification: the case of Pharmacy. Sociology of Work and Occupations, 3, 303-30.
36. Lee, R.H. and Mroz, T.A. (1991) Family structure and physicians' hours in large multispecialty groups. Inquiry, 28, 366-74.
37. Maheux, B., Dufort, F. and Beland, F. (1988) Professional and sociopolitical attitudes of medical students: gender differences reconsidered. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 43,3, 73-6.
38. Rafuse, J. (1995) Furore over language, shortage of women leaders signs of need for change at the Canadian Medical Association, committee says. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 152,3, 394-7.
39. Rappolt, S.G. (1997) Clinical guidelines and the fate of medical autonomy in Ontario. Social Science and Medicine, 44,7, 977-87.
40. Rowe, I.L. (1991) Medical work force changes: implications for general practice in Victoria. Australian Family Physician, 20, 990-2.
41. Ryten, E. (1996) Educational background of applicants for admission to Canadian Faculties of Medicine in 1995/96. Association of Canadian Medical Colleges Forum, 29, April, 1-3.
42. St-Laurent-Gagnon, T., Duval, R-C., Lippe, J. and Cote-Boileau, T. (1993) Women in paediatrics: the experience in Quebec. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 148,5, March, 773-8.
43. Wakeford, R.E. and Warren, V.J. (1989) Women doctors' career choice and commitment to medicine: implications for general practice. Journal of the Royal College of General Practice, 39, 91-5.
44. Wear, D. (1994) Feminism in medical education: problems and promises. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 49,2, March/April, 43-7.
45. Weisman, C.S., Levine, D.M., Steinwachs, D.M., et al. (1980) Male and female physician career patterns: specialty choices and graduate training. Journal of Medical Education, 55, 813-25.
46. Wheeler, R., Candib, L. and Martin, M. (1990) Part-time doctors: reduced working hours for primary care physicians. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 45,2, 47-54.
47. Williams, A.P., Barnsley, J., Tanner, J. and Cockerill, R. (1997) Organized medicine and the state: political conflict over the future of government health insurance in Ontario. Paper presented to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Political Science Association, St John, Newfoundland, 3 June.
48. Williams, A.P., Domnick-Pierre, K. and Vayda, E. (1993) Women in medicine: towards a conceptual understanding of the potential for change. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 48,4, July/August, 15-121.
49. Williams, A.P., Domnick-Pierre, K., Vayda, E., Stevenson, H.M. and Burke, M. (1990) Women in medicine: practice patterns and attitudes. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 143,3, 194-201.
50. Williams, A.P., Vayda, E., Cohen, M.L., Woodward, C.A. and Ferrier, B.M. (1995) Medicine and the Canadian state: from the politics of conflict to the politics of accommodation? The Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 36,4, December, 303-21.
51. Woodward, C.A., Cohen, M.L. and Ferrier, B.M. (1990) Career interruptions and hours practised: comparisons between young men and women physicians. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 81, 16-20.
52. Woodward, C.A., Cohen, M.L., Ferrier, B.M. and Williams, A.P. (1996) A Profile of Ontario Family Physicians Early in their Careers: Gender Differences and Policy Implications. Hamilton: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, March.
53. Woodward, C.A. and Hurley, J. (1995) Comparisons of activity level and service intensity of male and female physicians in five fields of medicine in Ontario. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 153,8, October, 1097-106.
54. Woodward, C.A., Williams, A.P., Ferrier, B.M. and Cohen, M. (1996) Time spent on professional activities and unwaged domestic work: is it different for male and female primary care physicians who have children at home? Canadian Family Physician, 42, October, 1928-35.
55. Xu, G., Rattner, S.L., Veloski, J.J., Hojat, M., Fields, S.K. and Barzansky, B. (1995) A national study of the factors influencing men and women physicians' choices of primary care specialties. Academic Medicine, 70,5, May, 398-404.