Neonatal polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism

Lipids

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 139-149

  Innis, Sheila M ^a,f   Sprecher, Howard ^b   Hachey, David ^c   Edmond, John ^d   Anderson, Robert E ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID;

ARTICLE; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; FATTY ACID DESATURATION; FATTY ACID METABOLISM; FATTY ACID OXIDATION; HUMAN; INFANT NUTRITION; LIPID METABOLISM; LIPID TRANSPORT; NEWBORN; RETINA DEVELOPMENT;

EID: 0033030019     PISSN: 00244201     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11745-999-0348-x     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Sprecher, H., Luthria, D.L. Mohammed, B.S., and Baykousheva, S.P. (1995) Reevaluation of the Pathways for the Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, J. Lipid Res. 36, 2471-2477.
2. Innis, S.M. (1997) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Nutrition in Term Gestation Infants, in Developing Brain and Behaviour; the Role of Lipids in Infant Formula (Dobbing, J., ed.) pp. 103-167, Academic Press, London.
3. Fliesler, S.J., and Anderson, R.E. (1983) Chemistry and Metabolism of Lipids in the Vertebrate Retina, Prog. Lipid Res. 22, 79-131.
4. Sastry, P.S. (1985) Lipids of Nervous Tissue: Composition and Metabolism, Prog. Lipid Res. 24, 69-176.
5. Innis, S.M. (1992) Human Milk and Formula Fatty Acids, J. Pediatr. 120, S56-S61.
6. 13C-Abundance, J. Pediatr. Gastorenterol. Nutr. 21, 31-33.
7. Salem, N., Jr., Wegher, B., Mena, P., and Uauy, R. (1996) Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Are Biosynthesized from Their 18-Carbon Precursors in Human Infants, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 49-54.
8. Sauerwald, T.U., Hachey, D.L., Jensen, C.L., Chen, H., Anderson, R.E., and Heird, W.C. (1996) Effect of Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Intake on Incorporation of Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids into Plasma Phospholipids of Term Infants, Lipids 31 (Suppl.), S131-S135.
9. Bernert, J.T., and Sprecher, H. (1975) Studies to Determine the Role Rates of Chain Elongation and Desaturation Play in Regulating the Unsaturated Fatty Acid Composition of Rat Liver, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 398, 354-363.
10. Luthria, D.L., and Sprecher, H. (1995) Metabolism of Deuterium-Labeled Linoleic, 6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic, 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic and Arachidonic Acids in the Rat, J. Lipid Res. 36, 1891-1904.
11. Geiger, M., Mohammed, B.S., Sankarappa, S., and Sprecher, H. (1993) Studies to Determine If Rat Liver Contains Chain-Length Specific Acyl-CoA 6-Desaturases, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1170, 137-142.
12. Cinti, D.L., Cook, L., Nagi, M.N., and Suneja, S.K. (1992) The Fatty Acid Chain Elongation System of Endoplasmic Reticulum, Prog. Lipid Res. 31, 1-51.
13. Kunau, W.H., Dommes, V., and Schulz, H. (1995) β-Oxidation of Fatty Acids in Mitochondria, Peroxisomes, and Bacteria: A Century of Progress, Prog. Lipid Res. 34, 267-342.
14. Osmundsen, H., Bremer, J., and Pedersen, J.L., (1991) Metabolic Aspects of Peroxisomal β-Oxidation, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1085, 141-158.
15. Luthria, D.L., Mohammed, D.L., and Sprecher, H. (1996) Regulation of the Biosynthesis of 4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic Acid, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 16020-16025.
16. Poulos, A. (1992) Lipid Metabolism in Xellweger's Syndrome, Prog. Lipid Res. 28, 35-51.
17. Carnielli, V.P., Wattimena, D.J.L., Luijendijk, I.H.T., Boerlage, A., Degenhart, H.J., and Sauer, P.J.J. (1996) The Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infant Is Capable of Synthesizing Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids from Linoleic and Linolenic Acids, Pediatr. Res. 40, 169-174.
18. Sauerwald, T.U., Hachey, D.L., Jensen, C.L., Chen, H., Anderson, R.E., and Heird, W.C. (1997) Intermediates in Endogenous Synthesis of C22:6ω3 and C20:4ω6 by Term and Preterm Infants, Pediatr. Res. 41, 183-187.
19. Emken, E.A., Adlof, R.O., Rakoff, H., Rohwedder, W.K., and Gulley, R.M. (1990) Metabolism in vivo of Deuterium-Labelled Linolenic and Linoleic Acids in Humans, Biochem. Soc. Trans. 18, 766-769.
20. Emken, E.A., Adlof, R.O., Hachey, D.L., Garza, C., Thomas, M.R., and Brown-Booth, L. (1989) Incorporation of Deuterium-Labeled Fatty Acids into Human Milk, Plasma, and Lipoprotein Phospholipids and Cholesteryl Esters, J. Lipid Res. 30, 395-402.
21. Greiner, R.C., Winter, J., Nathanielsz, P.W., and Brenna, J.T. (1997) Brain Docosahexaenoic Accretion in Fetal Baboons: Bioequivalence of Dietary Alpha-Linolenic and Docosahexaenoic Acids, Pediatr. Res. 42, 826-834.
22. Hachey, D.L., Sauerwald, T.U., Nannegari, V., Jensen, C.L., and Heird, W.C. (1996) Quantitation of Novel C24:x Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Negative Chemical Ionization GC/MS, in Proceedings of the 44th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, p. 1301, Portland, Oregon, May 12-16, 1996.
23. Sauerwald, T.U., Hachey, D.L., Wykes, L.J., and Heird, W.C. (1996) In vivo Synthesis and Tissue Incorporation of LC-PUFA in Piglets. The 29th Annual Meeting of the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Munich, Germany, June 1996, J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 22, 414.
24. Sauerwald, T.U., Hachey, D.L., Jensen, C.L., and Heird, W.C. (1997) New Insights into the Metabolism of Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids During Infancy, Eur. J. Med. Res. 2, 88-92.
25. Pawlosky, R., Barnes, A., and Salem, N., Jr. (1994) Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Feline: Relationship Between Liver and Brain Production of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, J. Lipid Res. 35, 2032-2040.
26. Shipley, R.A., and Clarke, R.E. (1972) in Tracer Methods for in vivo Kinetics, pp. 45-64, Academic Press, New York.
27. Toffolo, G., Foster, D.M., and Cobelli, C. (1993) Estimation of Protein Fractional Synthetic Rate from Tracer Data, Am. J. Physiol. 264 (Endocrinol. Metab. 27), E128-E135.
28. Foster, D.M., Barrett, P.H.R., Tofollo, G., Beltz, W.F., and Cobelli, C. (1993) Estimating the Fractional Synthetic Rate of Plasma Apolipoproteins and Lipids from Stable Isotope Data, J. Lipid Res. 34, 2193-2205.
29. Berman, M. (1982) Kinetic Analysis and Modeling: Theory and Applications to Lipoproteins, in Lipoprotein Kinetics and Modeling (Berman, M., Grundy, S.M., and Howard, B.V., eds.), pp. 3-40, Academic Press, New York.
30. Edmond, J., Korsak, R.A., Morrow, J.W., Torok-Both, G., and Catlin, D. (1991) Dietary Cholesterol and the Origin of Cholesterol in Brain of Developing Rats, J. Nutr. 121, 1323-1330.
31. Marbois, B.N., Ajie, H.O., Korsak, R.A., Sensharma, D.K., and Edmond, J. (1992) The Origin of Palmitic Acid in Brain of the Developing Rat, Lipids 27, 587-592.
32. Edmond, J., Higa, T.A., Korsak, R.A., Bergner, E.A., and Lee, W.-N.P. (1996) The Source of Fatty Acids in Developing Brain, J. Neurochem. 66, Suppl. 1, S94B.
33. Edmond, J., Higa, T.A., Korsak, R.A., Bergner, E.A. and Lee, W.-N.P. (1998) Fatty Acid Transport and Utilization for the Developing Brain, J. Neurochem. 70, 1227-1234.
34. Dobbing, J. (1990) Vulnerable Periods in Developing Brain, in Brain, Behaviour, and Iron in the Infant Diet (Dobbing, J., ed.) pp. 1-17, Springer-Verlag, London.
35. Cuzner, M.L., and Davison, A.N. (1968) The Lipid Composition of Rat Brain Myelin and Subcellular Fractions During Development, Biochem. J. 106, 29-34.
36. Hall, W.G. (1975) Weaning and Growth of Artificially Reared Rats, Science 190, 1313-1315.
37. Auestad, N., Korsak, R.A., Bergstrom, J.D., and Edmond, J. (1989) Milk Substitutes Comparable to Rat Milk; Their Preparation, Composition and Impact on Development and Metabolism in the Artificially-Reared Rat, Br. J. Nutr. 61, 495-518.
38. Auestad, N., Fisher, R., Chiapelli, F., Korsak, R.A., and Edmond, J. (1990) Growth and Development of Artificially-Reared Hypoketonemic Rat Pups, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 195, 335-344.
39. Webber, R.J., and Edmond, J. (1979) The in-vivo Utilization of Acetoacetate, D(-)-3-Hydroxybutyrate and Glucose for Lipid Synthesis in Brain in the 18-Day-Old Rat: Evidence for an Acetyl-CoA Bypass for Sterol Synthesis, J. Biol. Chem. 254, 3912-3920.
40. Bourre, J.-M., Francios, M., Youyou, A., Dumont, O., Piciotti, M., Pascal, G., and Durand, G. (1989) The Effects of Dietary α-Linoleic Acid on the Composition of Nerve Membrane, Enzymatic Activity, Amplitude of Electro-Physiological Parameters, Resistance to Poisons and Performance of Learning Tasks in Rats, J. Nutr. 119, 1880-1890.
41. Benolken, R.M., Anderson, R.E., and Wheeler, T.G. (1973) Membrane Fatty Acids Associated with the Electrical Response in Visual Excitation, Science 182, 1253-1254.
42. Wheeler, T.G., Benolken, R.M., and Anderson, R.E. (1975) Visual Membranes: Specificity of Fatty Acid Precursors for the Electrical Response to Illumination, Science 188, 1312.
43. Weisinger, H.S., Vingrys, A.J., and Sinclair, A.J. (1996) The Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Electroretinogram of the Guinea Pig, Lipids 31, 65-70.
44. Neuringer, M., Anderson, G.J., and Connor, W.E. (1988) The Essentiality of n-3 Fatty Acids for the Development and Function of the Retina and Brain, Annu. Rev. Nutr. 8, 517-541.
45. Uauy, R.D., Birch, D.G., Birch, E.E., Tyson, I.E., and Hoffman, D. (1990) Effect of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Retinal Function of Very-Low-Weight Neonates, Pediatr. Res. 28, 485-492.
46. Anderson, R.E., and Maude, M.B. (1972) The Effects of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency on the Phospholipids of Photoreceptor Membranes of Rat Retina, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 151, 270-276.
47. Wiegand, R.D., Koutz, C.A., Chen, H., and Anderson, R.E. (1995) Effect of Dietary Fat and Environmental Lighting on the Phospholipid Molecular Species of Rat Photoreceptor Membranes, Exp. Eye Res. 60, 291-306.
48. Stinson, A.M., Wiegand, R.D., and Anderson, R.E. (1991) Recycling of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Rat Retinas During n-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency, J. Lipid Res. 32, 2009-2017.
49. Bazan, N.G., Gordon, W.C., and Rodriguez de Turco, E.B. (1992) Docosahexaenoic Acid Uptake and Metabolism in Photoreceptors: Retinal Conservation by an Efficient Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells-Mediated Recycling Process, in Neurology of Essential Fatty Acids (Bazan, N., Marfi, M., and Tossano, G., eds.) pp. 295-306, Plenum Press, New York.
50. Chen, H., Wiegand, R.D., Koutz, C.A., and Anderson, R.E. (1992) Docosahexaenoic Acid Increases in Frog Retinal Pigment Epithelium Following Rod Photoreceptor Shedding, Exp. Eye Res. 55, 93-100.
51. Chen, H., and Anderson, R.E. (1993) Differential Incorporation of Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids in Frog Retinal Pigment Epithelium, J. Lipid Res. 34, 1943-1955.
52. Wang, N., and Anderson, R.E. (1993) Synthesis of Docosahexaenioc Acid by Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Biochemistry 32, 13703-13709.
53. Delton-Vandenbroucke, I., Grammas, P., and Anderson, R.E. (1997) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Retinal and Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells, J. Lipid Res. 38, 147-159.
54. Tsang, R.C., Lucas, A., Uauy, R., and Zlotkin, S. (1993) Nutritional Needs of the Pre-Term Infant. Scientific Basis and Practical Guidelines, Cadeceus Medical Publishers, Pawling, New York, pp. 1-321.
55. Lucas, A., Morley, R., Cole, T.J., Core, S.M., Lucas, P.J., Crowle, P., Pearse, R., Boon, A.J., and Powell, R. (1990) Early Diet in Preterm Babies and Developmental Status at 18 Months, Lancet 335, 1477-1481.
56. Clark, M.M., and She, L. (1995) Lymphatic Fatty Acids from Rats Fed Human Milk and Formula Supplemented with Fish Oil, Lipids 30, 673-676.
57. Hernell, O., Blackberg, L., Chen, Q., Sternby, B., and Nilsson, A. (1993) Does the Bile Salt-Stimulated Lipase of Human Milk Have a Role in the Use of the Milk Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids? J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 16, 426-431.
58. Carlson, S.E., Rhodes, P.G., Rao, V.S., and Goldgar, D.E. (1987) Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation on the n-3 Fatty Acid Content of Red Blood Cell Membranes of Preterm Infants, Pediatr. Res. 21, 507-510.
59. Innis, S.M., Auestad, N., and Siegman, J.S. (1996) Blood Lipid Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acid in Term Gestation Infants Fed Formulas with High Docosahexaenoic Acid, Low Eicosapentaenoic Acid Fish Oil, Lipids 31, 617-625.
60. Koletzko, B., Edenhofer, S., Lipowsky, G., and Reinhardt, D. (1995) Effects of a Low Birthweight Infant Formula Containing Human Milk Levels of Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids, J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 21, 200-208.
61. Martin, J.C., Bougnoux, P., Antoine, J.-M., and Lanson, M. (1993) Triacyclglycerol Structure of Human Colostrum and Mature Milk, Lipids 28, 637-643.
62. Innis, S.M., Dyer, R., and Nelson, C.M. (1994) Evidence That Palmitic Acid Is Absorbed as sn-2 Monoacylgylcerol from Human Milk by Breast Feeding, Lipids 29, 541-545.
63. Redgrave, T.J., Kodali, D.R., and Small, D.M. (1988) The Effect of Triacyl-sn-glycerol Structure on the Metabolism of Chylomicrons and Triacylglycerol-Rich Emulsions in the Rat, J. Biol. Chem. 263, 5118-5123.
64. Innis, S.M., and Dyer, R.D. (1997) Dietary Triacylglycerols with Palmitic Acid (16:0) in the 2-Position Increase 16:0 in the 2-Position of Plasma and Chylomicron Triacylglycerols, but Reduce Phospholipid Arachidonic and Docosahexaneoic Acids and Alter Cholesterylester Metabolism in Formula-Fed Piglets, J. Nutr. 127, 1311-1319.
65. Small, D.M. (1991) The Effects of Glyceride Structure on Absorption and Metabolism, Annu. Rev. Nutr. 11, 413-434.
66. Carlson, S.E., Cooke, R.J., Werkman, S.H., and Tolley, E.A. (1992) First Year Growth of Preterm Infants Fed Standard Compared to Marine-Oil n-3 Supplemented Formula, Lipids 27, 901-907.
67. Carlson, S.E., Werkman, S.H., and Tolley, E.A. (1996) Effect of Long-Chain (ω-3) Supplementation on Visual Acuity and Growth of Preterm Infants With and Without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 63, 687-697.
68. Scott, D.T., Janowsky, J.S., Wheeler, R.E., Carroll, R.E., Taylor, T.A., Auestad, N., and Montalto, M.D. (1998) Formula Supplementation with Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Are there Beneficial Effects? Pediatrics 102, 1203-1206.
69. Wainwright, P.E., Xiny, X.-C., Mutsaers, L., McCutcheon, D., and Kyle, D. (1997) Arachidonic Acid Offsets the Effects on Mouse Brain and Behaviour of a Diet with Low (n-6):(n-3) Ratio and Very High Levels of Docosahexaenoic Acid, J. Nutr. 127, 184-193.
70. Wall, K.M., Diersen-Schade, D., and Innis, S.M. (1994) Plasma and Tissue Lipids of Piglets Fed Formula Containing Saturated Fatty Acids from Medium-Chain Triglycerides With or Without Fish Oil, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 59, 1317-1324.
71. Innis, S.M., Dyer, R., Quinlan, P.T., and Diersen-Schade, D. (1996) Dietary Triacylglycerol Structure and Saturated Fat Alter Plasma and Tissue Fatty Acids in Piglets, Lipids 31, 497-505.
72. Carnielli, V.P., Rossi, K., Baclon, T., Gregori, B., Verlato, G., Orzali, A., and Zacchello, F. (1996) Medium-Chain Triacylglycerols in Formulas for Preterm Infants: Effect on Plasma Lipids, Circulating Concentrations of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids, and Essential Fatty Acids, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 64, 152-158.