-
1
-
-
0033548278
-
-
Alpar, J. Science 283, 1625-1626 (1999).
-
(1999)
Science
, vol.283
, pp. 1625-1626
-
-
Alper, J.1
-
2
-
-
0001597632
-
-
Pool, R. Science 245, 1187-1189 (1989).
-
(1989)
Science
, vol.245
, pp. 1187-1189
-
-
Pool, R.1
-
5
-
-
0000123883
-
-
Hocking, M.B. Science 251, 504-505 (1991).
-
(1991)
Science
, vol.251
, pp. 504-505
-
-
Hocking, M.B.1
-
7
-
-
0344903330
-
-
Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy
-
Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy, http://www.eia.doe.gov/
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
0344040619
-
-
note
-
While all the carbon dioxide that is emitted during the fermentation is indeed of plant origin and therefore should not be viewed as a net greenhouse gas contribution, this is not the case for the 2.39 kg of fossil fuels that have to be combusted to provide process energy.
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
85040299236
-
-
Westview Press, Inc., Boulder, CO
-
Smil, V., Nachman, P. & Long, T.V.I. Energy analysis and agriculture, an application to U.S. corn production (Westview Press, Inc., Boulder, CO; 1983).
-
(1983)
Energy Analysis and Agriculture, An Application to U.S. Corn Production
-
-
Smil, V.1
Nachman, P.2
Long, T.V.I.3
-
10
-
-
0042251501
-
-
ed. Dahlberg, K.A. Rowman and Allanheld, Totawa, NJ
-
Pimentel, D. & Pimentel, S. New directions for agriculture and agricultural research (ed. Dahlberg, K.A.) (Rowman and Allanheld, Totawa, NJ; 1986).
-
(1986)
New Directions for Agriculture and Agricultural Research
-
-
Pimentel, D.1
Pimentel, S.2
-
11
-
-
0003467123
-
Estimating the net energy balance of corn ethanol
-
USDA, Washington, DC
-
Shapouri, H., Duffield, J.A. & Graboski, M.S. Estimating the net energy balance of corn ethanol. Agricultural Economic Rep. No. 721 (USDA, Washington, DC; 1995).
-
(1995)
Agricultural Economic Rep. No. 721
-
-
Shapouri, H.1
Duffield, J.A.2
Graboski, M.S.3
-
12
-
-
0344040618
-
-
Fossil fuels used in U.S. farming are 10% coal, 49% natural gas, and 40% petroleum
-
Fossil fuels used in U.S. farming are 10% coal, 49% natural gas, and 40% petroleum.
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
0344903329
-
-
note
-
US Department of Energy. Energy Information Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy, Manufacturing Consumption of Energy 1991. (Office of Energy, Markets and End Use, Washington DC; 1994).
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
0031599308
-
Polymer degrad.
-
Lee, S.-Y. & Choi, J.I. Polymer Oegrad. Stability 59, 387-393 (1998).
-
(1998)
Stability
, vol.59
, pp. 387-393
-
-
Lee, S.-Y.1
Choi, J.I.2
-
15
-
-
0032024581
-
-
van Wegen, R.J., Ling, Y. & Middelberg, A.P.J. Trans. I ChemE, Part A 76, 417-426 (1998).
-
(1998)
Trans. I ChemE, Part A
, vol.76
, pp. 417-426
-
-
Van Wegen, R.J.1
Ling, Y.2
Middelberg, A.P.J.3
-
18
-
-
0344040617
-
-
08/09/93 US Patent 5,364,778
-
Byrom D. 08/09/93 US Patent 5,364,778.
-
-
-
Byrom, D.1
-
19
-
-
0344471757
-
-
Source: USDA - Economic Research Service
-
Source: USDA - Economic Research Service.
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
0344903322
-
-
note
-
The census of manufacturing data for energy consumption is based on calendar years, whereas corn processing data is based on the harvesting cycle starting with September 1 of a given year. The data correlated are for the calendar year 1991 and the harvesting cycle starting September 1, 1990 and ending August, 31, 1991.
-
-
-
-
24
-
-
0042251466
-
-
eds Lydersen, B.J., D'Elia, N.A. & Nelson, K.L. John Wiley & Sons, New York;
-
Charles, M. & Wilson, J. Bioprocess engineering. (eds Lydersen, B.J., D'Elia, N.A. & Nelson, K.L.) (John Wiley & Sons, New York; 1994).
-
(1994)
Bioprocess Engineering
-
-
Charles, M.1
Wilson, J.2
|