Measurement of vertical concentration profiles of airborne particulate matter in indoor environments: Implications for refinement of models and monitoring campaigns

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 5-18

  Micallef, Alfred ^a   Colls, Jeremy J ^a   Caldwell, Julieann ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Air quality standards; Airborne particulate monitoring; Concentration gradients; Human exposure; Vertical concentration profiles

Indexed keywords

AIR QUALITY STANDARD; ARTICLE; BODY HEIGHT; CATERING SERVICE; HALFWAY HOUSE; INDOOR AIR POLLUTION; INFORMATION PROCESSING; LIBRARY; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PUBLIC HEALTH; UNITED KINGDOM; UNIVERSITY; WORKSHOP;

EID: 0033027190     PISSN: 09603123     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09603129973317     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Anderson, H.R., Deleon, A.P., Bland, J.M., Bower, J.S. and Strachan, D.P. (1996) Air pollution and daily mortality in London: 1987-92. Brit. Med. J. 312 665-9.
2. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers ASHRAE (1989) Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. ASHRAE Standard 62, 1989.
3. Brohus, H. and Nielsen, P.V. (1996) Personal exposure in displacement ventilated rooms. Indoor Air 6, 157-67.
4. Brown, R.C., Thorpe, A. and Hemingway, M.A. (1996) A passive sampler for monitoring urban particulate. Proc. Urban Air Quality - Monitoring and Modelling Conference, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK, 11-12 July.
5. Chapin, F. (1974) Human Activity Patterns in the City: Things People Do in Time and in Space. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
6. 10 aerosol in the southern California air quality study. Atmos. Environ. 28, 2061-80.
7. Clayton, C.A., Perritt, R.L., Pellizzari, E.D., Thomas, K.W., Whitmore, R.W., Wallace, L.A., Ozkaynak, H. and Spengler, J.D. (1993) Particle total exposure assessment methodology (PTEAM) study: Distributions of aerosol and elemental concentrations in personal, indoor, and outdoor air samples in a southern California community. J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 3, 227-50.
8. Colls, J.J. and Micallef, A. (1997) Towards better human exposure estimates for setting of air quality standards. Atmos. Environ. 31, 4253-4.
9. COMEAP (1995) Non-Biological Particles and Health. Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants, Department of Health, UK. London: HMSO.
10. Committee on Advances in Assessing Human Exposure to Airborne Pollutants, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council (1991) Human Exposure Assessment for Airborne Pollutants: Advances and Opportunities. Washington: National Academy of Sciences.
11. Dockery, D.W. and Spengler, J.D. (1981a) Personal exposure to respirable particulates and sulfates. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 31, 153-9.
12. Dockery, D.W. and Spengler, J.D. (1981b) Indoor-outdoor relationships of respirable sulfates and particles. Atmos. Environ. 15, 335-44.
13. Dockery, D.W., Spengler, J.D., Reed, M.P. and Ware, J. (1981) Relationships among personal, indoor and outdoor nitrogen dioxide measurements. Environ. Int. 5, 101-7.
14. EPAQS (Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards) (1995) Particles. Department of the Environment, UK. London: HMSO.
15. Guidotti, T.L. (1997) Treat air pollution as the public health hazard it is. Environ. Manager June, 1997. Air & Waste Management Association.
16. Hemingway, M.A., Thorpe, A., Wake, D. and Brown, R.C. (1997) Sampling of industrial acrosols using an electret based passive sampler. In: Aerosols: Their Generation, Behaviour and Applications Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of The Aerosol Society, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, 18-20 March.
17. Heussen, G.A.H. (1991) Inhibition of intercellular communication by airborne particulate matter. Arch. Toxicol. 65, 252-6.
18. Heussen, G.A.H. and Alink, G.M. (1994) Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication by outdoor and indoor airborne particulate matter. Toxicol. Lett. 72, 87-94.
19. Heussen, G.A.H., Hikspoors, M.L.J., Spenkelink, A., Brouwer, A. and Koeman, J.H. (1992) Inhibition of binding of thyroxine to transthyrctin by outdoor and indoor airborne particulate matter and effects on thyroid hormone and vitamin A metabolism in rats. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 23, 6-12.
20. Heussen, G.A.H., Schefferlie, G.J., Talsma, M.J.G., Vantil, H., Dohmen, M.J.W., Brouwer, A. and Alink, G.M. (1993) Effects on thyroid hormone metabolism and depletion of lung vitamin A in rats by airborne particulate matter. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 38, 419-34.
21. Hollowell, C.D. and Miksch, R.R. (1981) Sources and concentrations of organic compounds in indoor environments. Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med. 57, 962-77.
22. ISO (International Standards Organisation) (1994) Air Quality-Particle Size Fraction Definitions for Health-Related Sampling. IS 7708. Geneva: ISO.
23. Kamens, R., Lee, C.T., Wiener, R. and Leith, D. (1991) A study to characterise indoor particles in 3 non-smoking homes. Atmos. Environ. 25A, 939-48.
24. Lefcoe, N.M. and Inculet, I.I. (1975) Particulates in domestic premises II. Ambient levels and indoor-outdoor relationships. Arch. Environ. Health 30, 565-70.
25. Ligocki, M.P., Salmon, L.G., Fall, T., Jones, M.C. Nazaroff, W.W. and Cass, G.R. (1993) Characteristics of airborne particles inside southern California museums. Atmos. Environ. 27, 697-711.
26. McClennen, W.H., Vaughn, C.L., Cole, P.A., Sheya, S.N., Wager, D.J., Mott, T.J., Dworzanski, J.P. Arnold, N.S. and Meuzelaar, H.L.C. (1996) Roving GC/MS: Mapping VOC gradients and trends in space and time. Field Anal. Chem. Technol. 1, 109-16.
27. Micallef, A. and Colls, J.J. (1988) Variation in airborne particulate matter concentration over the first three metres from ground in a street canyon: Implications for human exposure. Atmos. Environ. 32(21), 3795-9.
28. Micallef, A., Caldwell, J. and Colls, J.J. (1998a). The influence of human activity on the vertical distribution of airborne particle concentration in confined environments: Preliminary results. Indoor Air 8, 131-6.
29. Micallef, A., Deuchar, C.N. and Colls, J.J. (1998b) Kinetic Sequential Sampling (KSS) system: An automated sampling system for measuring vertical concentration profiles of airborne particles. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 48, 757-62.
30. Molhave, L. and Moller, J. (1979) The atmospheric environment in modern Danish dwellings: Measurements in 39 flats. In: Indoor Climate, pp. 171-86. Copenhagen: Danish Building Research Institute.
31. Moschandreas, D.J., Stark, J., McFadden, J.E. and Morse, S.S. (1978) Indoor air pollution in the residential environment. Geomet Report, Final Report for the U.S. EPA, Report No. 600/7-78/229, Vols I and II, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
32. Nazaroff, W.W. and Cass, G.R. (1991) Protecting museum collections from soiling due to the deposition of airborne particles. Atmos. Environ. 25, 841-52.
33. Nero, A.V., Boegel, M.L., Hollowell, C.D., Ingersoll, J.G. and Nazaroff, W.W. (1983) Radon concentrations and infiltration rates measured in conventional and energy-efficient houses. Health Phys. 45, 401-5.
34. Ostro, B. (1993) The association of air pollution and mortality: Examining the case for inference. Arch. Environ. Health 48, 336-42.
35. Ott, W.R. (1980) Models of Human Exposure to Air Pollution. SIMS Technical Report Number 32. Department of Statistics, Stanford University, California.
36. Ozkaynak, H., Ryan, P.B., Allen, G.A. and Turner, W.A. (1982) Indoor air quality modeling: Compartmental approach with reactive chemistry. Environ. Int. 8, 461-71.
37. Park, D.Y., Yost, M.G. and Levine, S.P. (1997) Evaluation of virtual source beam configurations for rapid tomographic reconstruction of gas and vapor concentrations in workplaces. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 47, 582-91.
38. 10 pollution on symptomatic and asymptomatic children. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 145, 1123-8.
39. Sachs, H.M., Hernandez, T.L. and Ring, J.W. (1982) Regional geology and radon variability in buildings. Environ. Int. 8, 97-103.
40. Sexton, K., Spengler, J.D. and Treitman, R.D. (1984) Personal exposure to respirable particles: A case study in Waterbury, Vermont (USA). Atmos. Environ, 18, 1385-98.
41. Szalai, A. (ed.) (1972) The Use of Time: Daily Ativities of Urban and Suburban Populations in Twelve countries. The Hague: Mouton.
42. Thatcher, T.L. and Layton, D.W. (1995) Deposition, resuspension, and penetration of particles within a residence. Atmos. Environ. 29, 1487-97.
43. USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) (1997) National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter; Final Rulé. 40 CFR Part 50. Federal Register 62, 38651.
44. Vedal, S. (1997) Critical Review-Ambient particles and health: Lines that divide. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 47, 551-81.
45. Vostal, J.J. (1994) Physiologically based assessment of human exposure to urban air pollutants and its significance for public health risk evaluation. Environ. Health Perspect. 102, 101-6.
46. Wade, W.A., Coté, W.A. and Yocom, J.E. (1975) A study of indoor air quality. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 25, 933-9.
47. Wallace, L. (1996) Indoor particles: A review. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 46, 98-126.
48. Wallace, L., Zweidinger, R., Erickson, M., Cooper, S., Whitaker, D. and Pellizzari, E.D. (1982) Monitoring individual exposure: Measurements of volatile organic compounds in breathing-zone air, drinking water and exhaled breath. Environ. Int. 8, 269-82.
49. WHO (World Health Organization) (1994) Update and Revision of the Air Quality Guidelines for Europe. EUR/ICP/EHAZ94 05/PB01, World Health Organisation, Regional Office for Europe.
50. Yarmac, R.F., McCarthy, S.M. and Yocom, J.E. (1987) Final report on an unvented gas space heater study. Prepared for the Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC.
51. Yocom, J.E. and McCarthy, S.M. (1991) Measuring Indoor Air Quality: A Practical Guide. Chichester: Wiley.
52. Yocom, J.E., Clink, W.L. and Coté, W.A. (1971) Indoor/outdoor air quality relationships. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 21, 251-9.