The sequence of events around the epicentre of the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake: Initiation of debris flows and turbidity current inferred from sidescan sonar

Sedimentology

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 79-97

  Piper, David J W ^a   Cochonat, Pierre ^b   Morrison, Martin L ^a,c  

^a GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA   (Canada)

^b IFREMER   (France)

^c MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND   (Canada)

Author keywords

Debris flow; Grand Banks earthquake; Slump; Turbidity current

Indexed keywords

DEBRIS FLOW; EARTHQUAKE; SIDESCAN SONAR; SLUMPING; TURBIDITY CURRENT;

ATLANTIC OCEAN;

EID: 0033024289     PISSN: 00370746     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3091.1999.00204.x     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Allen, J.R.L. (1971) Mixing at turbidity current heads and its geological implications. J. Sedim. Petrol., 41, 97-113.
2. Augustin, J.M. and Voisset, M. (1989) Images sonar et cartographie en géologie. Imagerie Vision Lateral, 69, 20-27.
3. Bartlett, S.F. and Youd, T.L. (1992). Empirical Prediction of Horizontal Ground Displacement Generated by Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spread. National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Technical Report NCEER 92-0021.
4. Bentley, S.P. and Smalley, I.J. (1984) Landslips in sensitive clay. In: Slope Instability (Ed. by D. Brunsden and D.B. Prior), pp. 457-490. Wiley, Chichester.
5. Bonifay, D. and Piper, D.J.W. (1988) Probable Late Wisconsinan ice margin on the upper continental slope off St. Pierre Bank, eastern Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci., 25, 853-865.
6. Brunsden, D. (1984) Mudslides. In: Slope Instability (Ed. by D. Brunsden and D.B. Prior), pp. 363-418, Wiley, Chichester.
7. Cochonat, P. and Piper, D.J.W. (1995) Source area of sediments contributing to the 'Grand Banks' 1929 turbidity current. In: Atlas of Deep Water Environments: Architectural Style in Turbidite Systems (Ed. by K.T. Pickering, R.N. Hiscott, N.H. Kenyon, F. Ricci Lucchi and R.D.A. Smith), pp. 12-13. Chapman & Hall, London.
8. Doxsee, W.W. (1948) The Grand Banks earthquake of November 18, 1929. Publ. Dominion Observ. Ottawa, 7, 323-335.
9. Gu, W.H., Morgenstern, N.R. and Robertson, P.K. (1993). Progressive failure of lower San Fernando Dam. J. Geotech. Eng., 119, 333-349.
10. Gu, W.H., Morgenstern, N.R. and Robertson, P.K. (1994). Postearthquake deformation analysis of Wildlife Site. J. Geotech. Eng., 120, 274-289.
11. Hampton, M.A. (1972) The role of subaqueous debris flow in generating turbidity currents. J. Sedim. Petrol., 42, 775-793.
12. Heezen, B.C. and Ewing, M. (1952). Turbidity currents and submarine slumps and the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake. Am. J. Sci., 250, 849-873.
13. Hesse, R. and Klaucke, I. (1995) A continuous alongslope seismic profile from the Upper Labrador Slope. In: Atlas of Deep Water Environments: Architectural Style in Turbidite Systems (Ed. by K.T. Pickering, R.N. Hiscott, N.H. Kenyon, F. Ricci Lucchi and R.D.A. Smith), pp. 18-22. Chapman & Hall, London.
14. Hughes Clarke, J.E. (1987) Surficial geology of Eastern Valley, Laurentian Fan. Geol. Surv. Canada Open File 1425.
15. Hughes Clarke, J.E. (1988) The Geological Record of the 1929 'Grand Banks' Earthquake and its Relevance to Deep-Sea Clastic Sedimentation. PhD Thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
16. Hughes Clarke, J.E. (1990) Late stage slope failure in the wake of the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake. Geo-Marine Lett, 10, 69-80.
17. Hughes Clarke, I.E., Mayer, L.A., Piper, D.J.W. and Shor, A.N. (1989) Pisces IV submersible operations in the epicentral region of the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake. Geol. Surv. Canada Paper, 88-20, 57-69.
18. Hughes Clarke. J.E., Shor, A.N., Piper, D.J.W. and Mayer, L.A. (1990). Large-scale current-induced erosion and deposition in the path of the 1929 Grand Banks turbidity current. Sedimentology, 37, 613-629.
19. Johnson, A.M. and Rodine, J.R. (1984). Debris flow. In: Slope Instability (Ed. by D. Brunsden and D.B. Prior), pp. 257-361. Wiley, Chichester.
20. Kirwan, A.D. Jr, Doyle, L.J., Bowles, W.D. and Brooks, G.R. (1986) Time-dependent hydrodynamic models of turbidity currents analyzed with data from the Grand Banks and Orleansville events. J. Sedim. Petrol., 56, 379-386.
21. Mitchell, R.J. and Markell, A.R. (1974) Flowsliding in sensitive soils. Can. Geotech. J., 11, 11-31.
22. Morgenstern, N.R. (1967) Submarine slumping and the initiation of turbidity currents. In: Marine Geotechnique (Ed. by A.F. Richards), pp. 189-220. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois.
23. Mulder, T. and Cochonat, P. (1996) Classification of offshore mass movements. J. Sedim. Res., 66, 43-57.
24. Mulder, T., Berry, J.A. and Piper, D.J.W. (1997) Links between morphology and geotechnical characteristics of large debris flow deposits in the Albatross area on the Scotian Slope (SE Canada). Marine Geotech., 15, 253-281.
25. Parker, G. (1982) Conditions for the ignition of catastrophically erosive turbidity currents. Marine Geol., 46, 307-327.
26. Piper, D.J.W. (1988) Glaciomarine sediments on the continental slope off eastern Canada. Geosci. Can., 15, 23-28.
27. Piper, D.J.W. and Aksu, A.E. (1987) The source and origin of the 1929 Grand Banks turbidity current inferred from sediment budgets. Geo-Marine Lett., 7, 177-182.
28. Piper, D.J.W, and Normark, W.R. (1989) Late Cenozoic sea-level changes and the onset of glaciation: impact on continental slope progradation off eastern Canada. Marine Petrol. Geol., 6, 336-348.
29. Piper, D.J.W., Shor, A.N., Farre, J.A., O'Connell, S. and Jacobi, R. (1985) Sediment slides around the epicenter of the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake. Geology, 13, 538-541.
30. Piper, D.J.W., Shor, A.N. and Hughes Clarke, J.E. (1988) The 1929 Grand Banks earthquake, slump and turbidity current. In: Sedimentological Consequences of Convulsive Geologic Events (Ed. by H.E, Clifton), Geol. Soc. Am. Special Paper 229, 77-92.
31. Piper, D.J.W., Cochonat, P., Oilier, G., LeDrezen, E., Morrison, M. and Baltzer, A. (1992) Evolution progressive d'un glissement rotational vers un courant de turbidité: cas du séisme de 1929 des Grands Bancs. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 314, 1057-1064.
32. Sangrey, D.A. and Paul, M.J. (1971) A regional study of landsliding near Ottawa. Can. Geotech. J., 8, 315-335.
33. Shanmugam, G. (1996) High-density turbidity currents: are they sandy debris flows? J. Sedim. Res., 66, 2-10.
34. Shanmugam, G., Bloch, R.B., Mitchell, S.M., Beamish, G.W., Hodgkinson, R.J., Damuth, J.E., Straune, T., Syvertsen, S.E. and Shiels, K.E. (1995) Basinfloor fans in the North Sea: sequence stratigraphic models vs. sedimentary facies. AAPG Bull., 79, 477-512.
35. Shor, A.N., Piper, D.J.W., Hughes Clarke, J. and Mayer, L.A. (1990) Giant flute-like scour and other erosional features formed by the 1929 Grand Banks turbidity current. Sedimentology, 37, 631-645.
36. Skempton, A.W. and Hutchinson, J.N. (1969) Stability of natural slopes and embankment foundations: state-of-the-art report. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Volume 2, pp. 291-335.
37. Weirich, F.H. (1989) The generation of turbidity currents by subaerial debris flows, California. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 101, 278-291.