Protein degradation and ensiling characteristics of red clover and alfalfa wilted under varying levels of shade

Canadian Journal of Plant Science

Volumn 79, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 209-222

  Owens, V N ^a   Albrecht, K A ^b   Muck, R E ^c  

^a SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^c U S DAIRY FORAGE RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Alfalfa; Ensiling; Protein degradation; Red clover

Indexed keywords

MEDICAGO SATIVA; TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE;

EID: 0033021967     PISSN: 00084220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4141/P98-034     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Albrecht, K. A. and Muck, R. E. 1991. Proteolysis in ensiled forage legumes that vary in tannin concentration. Crop Sci. 31: 464-469.
2. Albrecht, K. A., Wedin, W. F. and Buxton, D. R. 1987. Cellwall composition and digestibility of alfalfa stems and leaves. Crop Sci. 27: 735-741.
3. Anderson, R. 1983. The effect of extended moist wilting and formic acid additive on the conservation as silage of two grasses differing in total nitrogen content. J. Sci. Food Agric. 34: 808-818.
4. Anderson, R. 1985. Effect of prolonged wilting in poor condition on the fermentation quality, metabolisability and net energy value of silage given to sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 12: 109-118.
5. Bremner, J. M. and Breitenbeck, G. A. 1983. A simple method for determination of ammonium in semimicro-Kjeldahl analysis of soils and plant materials using a block digester. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 14: 905-913.
6. Buchanan-Smith, J. G. and Yao, Y. T. 1981. Effect of additives containing lactic acid bacteria and/or hydrolytic enzymes with an antioxidant upon the preservation of corn or alfalfa silage. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 61: 669-680.
7. Carpintero, C. M., Henderson, A. R. and McDonald, P. 1979. The effect of some pre-trearments on proteolysis during the ensiling of herbage. Grass Forage Sci. 34: 311-315.
8. Charmley, E. and Thomas, C. 1989. Effect of duration of wilting on the conservation of silage and on gains in body components by steers. Anim. Prod. 48: 91-98.
9. Charmely, E. and Veira, D. M. 1990. Inhibition of proteolysis at harvest using heat in alfalfa silages: effects on silage composition and digestion by sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 68: 758-766.
10. Clark, E. A., Crump, S. V. and Wijnheijmer, S. 1985. Morphological determinants of drying rate in forage legumes. Pages 137-141 in Proc. Am. Forage and Grassl. Conf., Hershey, PA. 3-6 March 1985. Am. Forage and Grassl. Counc., Georgetown, TX.
11. Dewar, W. A., McDonald, P. and Whittenbury, R. 1963. The hydrolysis of grass hemicellulose during ensilage. J. Sci. Food Agric. 14: 411-417.
12. Halim, R. A., Buxton, D. R., Hattendorf, M. J. and Carlson, R. E. 1989. Water-stress effects on alfalfa forage quality after adjustment for maturity differences. Agron. J. 81: 189-194.
13. Jones, B. A., Hatfield, R. D. and Muck, R. E. 1995a. Screening legume forages for soluble phenols, polyphenol oxidase and extract browning. J. Sci. Food Agric. 67: 109-112.
14. Jones, B. A., Muck, R. E. and Hatfield, R. D. 1995b. Red clover extracts inhibit legume proteolysis. J. Sci. Food Agric. 67: 329-333.
15. Kemble, A. R. 1956. Studies on the nitrogen metabolism of the ensilage process. J. Sci. Food Agric. 7: 125-130.
16. Macpherson, H. T. 1952. Changes in nitrogen distribution in crop conservation. II. Protein breakdown during wilting. J. Sci. Food Agric. 3: 365-367.
17. McDonald, P., Henderson, A. R. and Heron, S. J. E. 1991. The biochemistry of silage. 2nd ed. Chalcombe Publications, Bucks, UK.
18. McKersie, B. D. 1985. Effect of pH on proteolysis in ensiled legume forage. Agron. J. 77: 81-86.
19. Melvin, J. F. 1965. Variations in the carbohydrate content of lucerne and the effect on ensilage. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 16: 951-959.
20. Merchen N. R. and Satter, L. D. 1983. Changes in nitrogenous compounds and sites of digestion of alfalfa harvested at different moisture content. J. Dairy Sci. 66: 789-801.
21. Muck, R. E. 1987. Dry matter level effects on alfalfa silage quality I. Nitrogen transformations. Trans. ASAE 30: 7-14.
22. Muck, R. E. 1990. Dry matter level effects on alfalfa silage quality. II. Fermentation products and starch hydrolysis. Trans. ASAE 33: 373-381.
23. Muck, R. E. and Dickerson, J. T. 1988. Storage temperature effects on proteolysis in alfalfa silage. Trans. ASAE 31: 1005-1009.
24. Ohshima, M. and McDonald, P. 1978. A review of the changes in nitrogenous compounds of herbage during ensilage. J. Sci. Food Agric. 29: 497-505.
25. Papadopoulos, Y. A. and McKersie, B. D. 1983. A comparison of protein degradation during wilting and ensiling of six forage species. Can. J. Plant Sci. 63: 903-912.
26. Pitt, R. E. 1990. Silage and hay preservation. NRAES-5. Northeast Reg. Agric. Eng. Service. Ithaca, NY.
27. Rong, L., Volenec, J. J., Joern, B. C. and Cunningham, S. M. 1996. Seasonal changes in nonstructural carbohydrates, protein, and macronutrients in roots of alfalfa, red clover, sweetclover, and birdsfoot trefoil. Crop Sci. 36: 617-623.
28. Rotz, C. A. 1995. Field curing of forages. Pages 39-66 in K. J. Moore and M. A. Peterson, eds. Post-harvest physiology and preservation of forages. CSSA Spec. Publ. 22. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
29. Rotz, C. A., Abrams, S. M. and Davis, R. J. 1987. Alfalfa drying, loss and quality as influenced by mechanical and chemical conditioning. Trans. ASAE 30: 630-635.
30. Rotz, C. A. and Chen, Y. 1985. Alfalfa drying model for the field environment. Trans. ASAE. 28: 1686-1691.
31. SAS Institute, Inc. 1985. SAS user's guide: Statistics. Version 5 ed. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
32. Tamminga, S. 1992. Nutrition management of dairy cows as a contribution to pollution control. J. Dairy Sci. 75: 345-357.
33. Waldo, D. R. 1985. Nutritional value of legumes preserved as silage. Pages 220-224 in R.F. Barnes et al., eds. Forage legumes for energy-efficient animal production. Proc. Trilateral Workshop, Plamerston North, New Zealand. 30 April-4 May 1984. USDA-ARS, Washington, DC.