Age-related slowing on the digit symbol task: Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses

Experimental Aging Research

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 109-120

  Wielgos, Cynthia M ^a   Cunningham, Walter R ^a  

^a University of Florida ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; EDUCATION; FEMALE; GENDER; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL TASK; SYMBOLISM; TASK PERFORMANCE;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; COGNITION; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE;

EID: 0033021163     PISSN: 0361073X     EISSN: 10964657     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/036107399244048     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Birren, J. E. (1965). Age changes in speed of behavior: Its central nature and physiological correlates. In A T. Welford & J. E. Birren (Eds.), Behavior, aging, and the nervous system (pp. 191-216). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
2. Birren, J. E., & Morrison, D. F. (1961). Analysis of the WAIS subtests in relation to age and education. Journal of Gerontology, 16, 363-369.
3. Botwinick, J., & Siegler, I. C. (1980). Intellectual ability among the elderly: Simultaneous cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons. Developmental Psychology, 16, 49-53.
4. Carroll, J. B. (1993). Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor analytic studies. New York: Cambridge University Press.
5. Cerella, J. (1985). Information processing rates in the elderly. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 67-83.
6. Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
7. Cunningham, W. R. (1988a). Perspectives on aging and abilities. Division 20 Invited Address, Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Atlanta, Georgia, 1988.
8. Cunningham, W. R. (1988b). Issues of structure and level of perceptual speed in relation to age. Paper presented at the Cognitive Aging Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, 1988.
9. Cunningham, W. R. (1989). Intellectual abilities and age. In V. L. Bengston & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), The course of later life: Research and reflections (pp. 93-106). New York: Springer.
10. Cunningham, W. R., & Tomer, A. (1990). Intellectual abilities and age: Concepts, theories, and analyses. In E. A. Lovelace (Ed.), Aging and cognition: Mental processes, self awareness and interventions (pp. 379-406). North-Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers.
11. Ekstrom, R. B., French, J., & Harman, M. (1976). Manual for kit of Factor-Referenced Tests. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
12. Flynn, J. R. (1987). Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure. Psychological Bulletin, 101,171-191.
13. Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. N ew York: McGraw-Hill.
14. Matarazzo, J. D. (1972). Wechsler’s measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
15. Maylor, E. A, & Rabbitt, P. M. (1994). Applying Brinley Plots to individuals: Effects of aging on performance distributions in two speeded tasks. Psychology and Aging, 9, 224-230.
16. Myerson, J., Ferraro, F. R., Hale, S., & Lima, S. D. (1992). General slowing in semantic priming and word recognition. Psychology and Aging, 9, 247-270.
17. Salthouse, T. A. (1992). What do adult age differences in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test reflect? Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 47, 121-128.
18. Schaie, K. W. (1983). What can we learn from the longitudinal study of adult psychological development? In K. W. Schaie (Ed.), Longitudinal studies of adult psychological development (pp. 1-19). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
19. Schaie, K. W. (1996). Intellectual development in adulthood: The Seattle longitudinal study. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
20. Thurstone, L. L. (1938). Primary mental abilities. Psychometric Monographs (Number 1). Published for the Psychometric Society by the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
21. Tomer, A., & Cunningham, W. R. (1993). The structure of cognitive speed measures in old and young adults. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 28, 1-24.
22. White, N., & Cunningham, W. R. (1987). The age comparative construct validity of speeded cognitive factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 22, 249-265.