Blood lead levels in emergency department patients with retained lead bullets and shrapnel

Academic Emergency Medicine

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 208-212

  Farrell, Susan E ^a,b,d   Vandevander, Patricia ^e   Schoffstall, John M ^a   Lee, David C ^c  

^a DREXEL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b MERCY CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c NORTH SHORE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^e NONE

Author keywords

Blood lead level; Bullets; Firearms; Foreign bodies; Penetrating wounds; Plumbism; Shrapnel; Toxicity

Indexed keywords

LEAD;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BULLET; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; EMERGENCY MEDICINE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; FIREARM; FOREIGN BODY; GUNSHOT INJURY; HUMAN; LEAD BLOOD LEVEL; LEAD POISONING; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PENETRATING TRAUMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIODIAGNOSIS;

EID: 0033019334     PISSN: 10696563     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1999.tb00157.x     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Machle W. Lead absorption from bullets lodged in tissues. JAMA. 1940; 115:1536-4.
2. Magos L. Lead poisoning from retained lead projectiles. A critical review of case reports. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1994; 13: 735-42.
3. Roux P, Pocock F. Blood lead concentration in children after gunshot injuries. S Afr Med J. 1988; 73:580-1.
4. Slavin RE, Swedo J, Cartwright J, Viegas S, Custer EM. Lead arthritis and lead poisoning following bullet wounds: a clinicopathologic, ultrastuctural, and microanalytic study of two cases. Hum Pathol. 1988; 19:223-35.
5. Jensen SP, Richardson ML, Conrad EU, Lazerte GD. Case report 608. Skeletal Radiol. 1990; 19:233-5.
6. Leonard MH. The solution of lead by synovial fluid. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 1969; 64:255-61.
7. Fiorica V, Brinker JE. Increased lead absorption and lead poisoning from a retained bullet. J Okla State Med Assoc. 1989; 82:63-7.
8. Farber JM, Rafli M, Schwartz D. Lead arthropathy and elevated serum levels of lead after a gunshot wound of the shoulder. AJR. 1994; 162:385-6.
9. Manton WI, Thal ER. Lead poisoning from retained missiles: an experimental study. Ann Surg. 1986; 204:594-9.
10. Switz DM, Elmorshidy ME, Deyerle WM. Bullets, joints, and lead intoxication: a remarkable and instructive case. Arch Intern Med. 1976; 136:939-41.
11. Dillman RO, Crumb CK, Lidsky MJ. Lead poisoning from a gunshot wound report of a case and review of the literature. Am J Med. 1979; 66:509-14.
12. Sclafani SJA, Vuletin JC, Twersky J. Lead arthropathy: arthritis caused by retained intra-articular bullets. Radiology. 1985; 156:299-302.
13. Bolanos AA, Demizio JP, Vigorita VJ, Bryk E. Lead poisoning from an intra-articular shotgun pellet in the knee treated with arthroscopic extraction and chelation therapy. J Bone Jt Surg. 1996; 78:422-6.
14. Kikano GE, Stange KC. Lead poisoning in a child after a gunshot injury. J Fam Pract. 1992; 34:498-504.
15. Peh WCG, Reinus WR. Lead arthropathy: a cause of delayed onset lead poisoning. Skel Radiol. 1995; 24:357-60.
16. Selbst SM, Henretig F, Fee MA, Levy SE, Kitts AW. Lead poisoning in a child with a gunshot wound. Pediatrics. 1986; 77:413-6.
17. Cagin CR, Diloy-Puray M, Westerman MP. Bullets, lead poisoning, and thyrotoxicosis. Ann Intern Med. 1978; 89:509-11.
18. Linden MA, Manton WI, Stewart RM, Thal ER, Feit H. Lead poisoning from retained bullets: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Ann Surg. 1982; 195:305-13.
19. Windler EC, Smith RB, Bryan WJ, Woods GW. Lead intoxication and traumatic arthritis of the hip secondary to retained bullet fragments. J Bone Jt Surg. 1978; 60:254-5.
20. Meggs WJ, Gerr F, Aly MH, et al. Clin Toxicol. 1994; 32: 377-85.
21. Davis JW, Rhames MP 3rd, Kaups KL. More guns and younger assailants. A combined police and trauma center study. Arch Surg. 1997; 132:1067-70.
22. Zatlin GS, Senaldi EM, Bruckheim AH. Adult lead poisoning. Am Fam Physician. 1985; 32:137-43.
23. Stromberg BV. Symptomatic lead toxicity secondary to retained shotgun pellets: case report. J Trauma. 1990; 30: 356-7.