메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 99-105

Ethics of randomized clinical trials and the 'ALARA' approach

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLINICAL RESEARCH; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; GOOD CLINICAL PRACTICE; MEDICAL ETHICS; METHODOLOGY; PATIENT RIGHT; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

EID: 0033018194     PISSN: 0284186X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/028418699431870     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (1)

References (46)
  • 1
    • 0000846532 scopus 로고
    • Om serumbehandling af difteri
    • Fibiger J. Om serumbehandling af difteri. Hospitalstidende 1898; 6: 309-25.
    • (1898) Hospitalstidende , vol.6 , pp. 309-325
    • Fibiger, J.1
  • 2
    • 0000846532 scopus 로고
    • Om serumbehandling af difteri. II. Kruppatienter
    • Fibiger J. Om serumbehandling af difteri. II. Kruppatienter. Hospitalstidende 1898; 6: 337-50.
    • (1898) Hospitalstidende , vol.6 , pp. 337-350
    • Fibiger, J.1
  • 3
    • 0004126954 scopus 로고
    • New York: Harcourt
    • Lewis S. Arrowsmith. New York: Harcourt, 1925.
    • (1925) Arrowsmith
    • Lewis, S.1
  • 4
    • 0026500461 scopus 로고
    • Redressing the balance - The ethics of not entering an eligible patient on a randomised clinical trial
    • Segelov E, Tattersall MHN, Coates AS. Redressing the balance - the ethics of not entering an eligible patient on a randomised clinical trial. Ann Oncol 1992; 3: 103-5.
    • (1992) Ann Oncol , vol.3 , pp. 103-105
    • Segelov, E.1    Tattersall, M.H.N.2    Coates, A.S.3
  • 5
    • 0025828348 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials - Are they ethical?
    • Passamani E. Clinical trials - are they ethical? New Engl J Med 1991, 324: 1589-92.
    • (1991) New Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 1589-1592
    • Passamani, E.1
  • 6
    • 0022814406 scopus 로고
    • Consent in randomized clinical trials: Are there moral or design problems?
    • Kopelman L. Consent in randomized clinical trials: are there moral or design problems? J Med Philos 1986; 11: 317-45.
    • (1986) J Med Philos , vol.11 , pp. 317-345
    • Kopelman, L.1
  • 7
    • 0029283812 scopus 로고
    • Community-equipoise and the ethics of randomised clinical trials
    • Gifford F. Community-equipoise and the ethics of randomised clinical trials. Bioethics 1995; 9: 127-48.
    • (1995) Bioethics , vol.9 , pp. 127-148
    • Gifford, F.1
  • 8
    • 0026917589 scopus 로고
    • Ignorance and altruism
    • Royall RM. Ignorance and altruism. J Clin Ethics 1992; 3: 229-30.
    • (1992) J Clin Ethics , vol.3 , pp. 229-230
    • Royall, R.M.1
  • 9
    • 0021178170 scopus 로고
    • Informed consent in surgical trials
    • Dudley HAF. Informed consent in surgical trials. Br Med J 1984; 289: 937-8.
    • (1984) Br Med J , vol.289 , pp. 937-938
    • Dudley, H.A.F.1
  • 10
    • 0021339672 scopus 로고
    • Physicians' reasons for not entering eligible patients in a randomized clinical trial of surgery for breast cancer
    • Taylor KM, Margolese RG, Soskolne CL. Physicians' reasons for not entering eligible patients in a randomized clinical trial of surgery for breast cancer. New Engl J Med 1984; 310: 1363-7.
    • (1984) New Engl J Med , vol.310 , pp. 1363-1367
    • Taylor, K.M.1    Margolese, R.G.2    Soskolne, C.L.3
  • 11
    • 0028522233 scopus 로고
    • Medical experimentation, informed consent and using people
    • Cocking D, Oakley J. Medical experimentation, informed consent and using people. Bioethics 1994; 8: 293-311.
    • (1994) Bioethics , vol.8 , pp. 293-311
    • Cocking, D.1    Oakley, J.2
  • 12
    • 0025906439 scopus 로고
    • Of mice but not men. Problems of the randomized clinical trial
    • Hellman S, Hellman DS. Of mice but not men. Problems of the randomized clinical trial. New Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1585-9.
    • (1991) New Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 1585-1589
    • Hellman, S.1    Hellman, D.S.2
  • 13
    • 0030431553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to ethical analysis
    • Zwitter M, Golouh R. Introduction to ethical analysis. Radiol Oncol 1996, 30: 305-9.
    • (1996) Radiol Oncol , vol.30 , pp. 305-309
    • Zwitter, M.1    Golouh, R.2
  • 15
    • 0028290317 scopus 로고
    • Medical ethics: Four principles plus attention to scope
    • Gillon R. Medical ethics: four principles plus attention to scope. Br Med J 1994; 309: 184-8.
    • (1994) Br Med J , vol.309 , pp. 184-188
    • Gillon, R.1
  • 16
    • 0026601352 scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer trials: A patient's viewpoint
    • Thornton HM. Breast cancer trials: a patient's viewpoint. Lancet 1992; 339: 44-5.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.339 , pp. 44-45
    • Thornton, H.M.1
  • 17
    • 0029817351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Better reporting of randomised controlled trials: The CONSORT statement
    • Altman DG. Better reporting of randomised controlled trials: The CONSORT statement. Br Med J 1996; 313: 570-1.
    • (1996) Br Med J , vol.313 , pp. 570-571
    • Altman, D.G.1
  • 18
    • 0028059859 scopus 로고
    • Informed consent in European multicentre randomised clinical trials - Are patients really informed?
    • Williams CJ, Zwitter M. Informed consent in European multicentre randomised clinical trials - are patients really informed? Eur J Cancer 1994; 30: 907-10.
    • (1994) Eur J Cancer , vol.30 , pp. 907-910
    • Williams, C.J.1    Zwitter, M.2
  • 19
    • 0031838892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of the ethical considerations in randomised trials for lung cancer
    • Zwitter M, Tobias JS. A survey of the ethical considerations in randomised trials for lung cancer. Lung Cancer 1998; 19: 197-200.
    • (1998) Lung Cancer , vol.19 , pp. 197-200
    • Zwitter, M.1    Tobias, J.S.2
  • 20
    • 0029243278 scopus 로고
    • Individual autonomy and the double-blind controlled experiment: The case of desperate volunteers
    • Minogue BP, Palmer-Fernandez G, Udell L, Waller BN. Individual autonomy and the double-blind controlled experiment: the case of desperate volunteers. J Med Philosophy 1995; 20: 43-55.
    • (1995) J Med Philosophy , vol.20 , pp. 43-55
    • Minogue, B.P.1    Palmer-Fernandez, G.2    Udell, L.3    Waller, B.N.4
  • 21
    • 0023052377 scopus 로고
    • Do we need informed consent?
    • Baum M. Do we need informed consent? Lancet 1986; 2: 911-2.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 911-912
    • Baum, M.1
  • 22
    • 0028000976 scopus 로고
    • Centralised treatment, entry to trials and survival
    • Stiller CA. Centralised treatment, entry to trials and survival. Br J Cancer 1994; 70: 352-62.
    • (1994) Br J Cancer , vol.70 , pp. 352-362
    • Stiller, C.A.1
  • 24
    • 0022814675 scopus 로고
    • The conflict between randomized clinical trials and the therapeutic obligation
    • Gifford F. The conflict between randomized clinical trials and the therapeutic obligation. J Med Philos 1986; 11: 347-66.
    • (1986) J Med Philos , vol.11 , pp. 347-366
    • Gifford, F.1
  • 25
    • 0025005888 scopus 로고
    • Design considerations for AIDS trials
    • Byar DP. Design considerations for AIDS trials. New Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1343-8.
    • (1990) New Engl J Med , vol.323 , pp. 1343-1348
    • Byar, D.P.1
  • 26
    • 0027453807 scopus 로고
    • Fully informed consent can be needlessly cruel
    • Tobias JS, Souhami RL. Fully informed consent can be needlessly cruel. Br Med J 1993; 307: 1199-201.
    • (1993) Br Med J , vol.307 , pp. 1199-1201
    • Tobias, J.S.1    Souhami, R.L.2
  • 27
    • 0024238840 scopus 로고
    • How expert physicians would wish to be treated if they had genitourinary cancer
    • Moore MJ, O'Sullivan B, Tannock IF. How expert physicians would wish to be treated if they had genitourinary cancer. J Clin Oncol 1988; 6: 1736-45.
    • (1988) J Clin Oncol , vol.6 , pp. 1736-1745
    • Moore, M.J.1    O'Sullivan, B.2    Tannock, I.F.3
  • 28
    • 0023022805 scopus 로고
    • The use of expert surrogates to evaluate clinical trials in non-small cell lung cancer
    • Mackillop WJ, Ward GK, O'Sullivan B. The use of expert surrogates to evaluate clinical trials in non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 1986; 54: 661-7.
    • (1986) Br J Cancer , vol.54 , pp. 661-667
    • Mackillop, W.J.1    Ward, G.K.2    O'Sullivan, B.3
  • 31
    • 0024578397 scopus 로고
    • Publication bias and dissemination of clinical research
    • Begg CB, Berlin JA. Publication bias and dissemination of clinical research. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989; 81: 107-15.
    • (1989) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.81 , pp. 107-115
    • Begg, C.B.1    Berlin, J.A.2
  • 32
    • 0026542772 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing publication of research results
    • Dickersin K, Min Y-I, Meinert CL. Factors influencing publication of research results. JAMA 1992; 267: 374-8.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , pp. 374-378
    • Dickersin, K.1    Min, Y.-I.2    Meinert, C.L.3
  • 33
    • 0026546437 scopus 로고
    • The fate of abstracts submitted to a cancer meeting: Factors which influence presentation and subsequent publication
    • De Bellefeuille C, Morrison CA, Tannock IF. The fate of abstracts submitted to a cancer meeting: factors which influence presentation and subsequent publication. Ann Oncol 1992; 3: 187-91.
    • (1992) Ann Oncol , vol.3 , pp. 187-191
    • De Bellefeuille, C.1    Morrison, C.A.2    Tannock, I.F.3
  • 34
    • 0028282944 scopus 로고
    • Full publication of results initially presented in abstracts
    • Scherer RW, Dickersin K, Langenberg P. Full publication of results initially presented in abstracts. JAMA 1994; 272: 158-62.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 158-162
    • Scherer, R.W.1    Dickersin, K.2    Langenberg, P.3
  • 35
    • 0030922816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
    • Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Br Med J 1997; 315: 629-34.
    • (1997) Br Med J , vol.315 , pp. 629-634
    • Egger, M.1    Smith, G.D.2    Schneider, M.3    Minder, C.4
  • 36
    • 0028279827 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials - A brave new partnership?
    • Thornton H. Clinical trials - a brave new partnership? J Med Ethics 1994; 20: 19-22.
    • (1994) J Med Ethics , vol.20 , pp. 19-22
    • Thornton, H.1
  • 37
    • 0028281114 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials - A brave new partnership: A response to Mrs. Thornton
    • Baum M. Clinical trials - a brave new partnership: a response to Mrs. Thornton. J Med Ethics 1994; 20: 23-5.
    • (1994) J Med Ethics , vol.20 , pp. 23-25
    • Baum, M.1
  • 38
    • 0027450603 scopus 로고
    • New approach for recruitment into randomised clinical trials
    • Baum M. New approach for recruitment into randomised clinical trials. Lancet 1993; 341: 812-3.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 812-813
    • Baum, M.1
  • 39
    • 0024299628 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trials and informed consent
    • Brahams D. Randomised trials and informed consent. Lancet 1988; 2: 1033-4.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1033-1034
    • Brahams, D.1
  • 40
    • 0024980660 scopus 로고
    • Patient preferences and randomised clinical trials
    • Brewin CR, Bradley C. Patient preferences and randomised clinical trials. Br Med J 1989; 299: 313-5.
    • (1989) Br Med J , vol.299 , pp. 313-315
    • Brewin, C.R.1    Bradley, C.2
  • 41
    • 0025368082 scopus 로고
    • Recruitment to a prospective breast conservation trial: Why are so few patients randomised?
    • Jack WJL, Chetty U, Rodger A. Recruitment to a prospective breast conservation trial: why are so few patients randomised? Br Med J 1990; 301: 83-5.
    • (1990) Br Med J , vol.301 , pp. 83-85
    • Jack, W.J.L.1    Chetty, U.2    Rodger, A.3
  • 42
    • 0031016756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why don't cancer patients get entered into clinical trials? Experience of the Sheffield lymphoma group's collaboration in British national lymphoma iInvestigation studies
    • Hancock BW, Aitken M, Radstone C, Vaughan Hudson G. Why don't cancer patients get entered into clinical trials? Experience of the Sheffield lymphoma group's collaboration in British national lymphoma iInvestigation studies. Br Med J 1997; 314: 36-7.
    • (1997) Br Med J , vol.314 , pp. 36-37
    • Hancock, B.W.1    Aitken, M.2    Radstone, C.3    Hudson, G.V.4
  • 43
    • 0031579299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication with the patient in clinical research
    • Zwitter M. Communication with the patient in clinical research. Ann NY Acad Sci 1997; 809: 83-96.
    • (1997) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.809 , pp. 83-96
    • Zwitter, M.1
  • 44
    • 0030878763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethics and international research. Research standards are the same throughout the world; Medical care is not
    • Halsey NA, Sommer A, Henderson DA, Black RE. Ethics and international research. Research standards are the same throughout the world; medical care is not. Br Med J 1997; 315: 965-6.
    • (1997) Br Med J , vol.315 , pp. 965-966
    • Halsey, N.A.1    Sommer, A.2    Henderson, D.A.3    Black, R.E.4
  • 45
    • 0030980436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific imperialism. If they won't benefit from the findings, poor people in the developing world shouldn't be used in research
    • Wilmshurst P. Scientific imperialism. If they won't benefit from the findings, poor people in the developing world shouldn't be used in research. Br Med J 1997; 314: 840-1.
    • (1997) Br Med J , vol.314 , pp. 840-841
    • Wilmshurst, P.1
  • 46
    • 0030888982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Availability of antiretroviral therapy after clinical trials with HIV infected patients are ended
    • Cleaton-Jones PE. Availability of antiretroviral therapy after clinical trials with HIV infected patients are ended. Br Med J 1997; 314: 887-91.
    • (1997) Br Med J , vol.314 , pp. 887-891
    • Cleaton-Jones, P.E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.