γδ T cells, their T cell receptor usage and role in human diseases

Springer Seminars in Immunopathology

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 55-75

  Kabelitz, Dieter ^a   Wesch, Daniela ^a   Hinz, Thomas ^a  

^a PAUL EHRLICH INSTITUT   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR ALPHA CHAIN; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR BETA CHAIN;

ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; CANCER; HUMAN; INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR GENE;

EID: 0033015423     PISSN: 03444325     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s002810050052     Document Type: Review

References (196)

1. 1. Abbas AK, Murphy KM, Sher A (1996) Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes. Nature 383 : 787
2. 2. Arden B, Clark SP, Kabelitz D, Mak T (1995) Human T-cell receptor variable gene segment families. Immunogenetics 42 : 455
3. + lymphocyte subsets during HIV infection. Clin Exp Immuol 75 : 206
4. 4. Bakker ABH, Phillips JH, Figdor CG, Lanier LL (1998) Killer cell inhibitory receptor for MHC class I molecules regulate lysis of melanoma cells mediated by NK cells, γδ T cells, and antigen-specific CTL. J Immunol 160 : 5239
5. + antigen receptors are present in increased proportions in a fraction of patients with tuberculosis or with sarcoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 148 : 1685
6. 6. Band H, Hochstenbach F, McLean J, Hata S, Krangel MS, Brenner MB (1987) Immunochemical proof that a novel rearranging gene encodes the T cell receptor δ subunit. Science 238 : 682
7. + γδ T lymphocytes are cytotoxic to the MCF 7 breast carcinoma cell line and can be detected among the T cells that infiltrate breast tumors. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 67 : 17
8. 8. Barnes PF, Grisso CL, Abrams JS, Band H, Rea TH, Modlin RL (1992) γδ T lymphocytes in human tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 165 : 506
9. 9. Battistini L, Borsellino G, Sawicki G, Poccia F, Salvetti M, Ristori G, Brosnan CF (1997) Phenotypic and cytokine analysis of human peripheral blood γδ T cells expressing NK cell receptors. J Immunol 158 : 3723
10. 10. Battistini L, Selmaj K, Kowal C, Ohmen J, Modlin RL, Raine CS, Brosnan CF (1995) Multiple sclerosis: limited diversity of the Vδ2Jδ3 T cell receptor in chronic active lesions. Ann Neurol 37 : 198
11. + T cells. Nature 372 : 691
12. 12. Behr C, Poupot R, Peyrat M A, Poquet Y, Constant P, Dubois P, Bonneville M, Foumié J-J (1996) Plasmodium falciparum stimuli for human γδ T cells are related to the phosphorylated antigens of mycobacteria. Infect Immun 64 : 2892
13. 13. Ben-Smith A, Goodall JC, Gaston JS, Winer JB (1997) Stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with Campylobacter jejuni generates a γδ T cell response in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 109 : 121
14. 14. Bertotto A, Gerli R, Spinozzi F, Muscat C, Scalise F, Castellucci G, Sposito M, Candio F, Vaccaro R (1993) Lymphocytes bearing the γδ T cell receptor in acute Brucella melitensis infection. Eur J Immunol 23 : 1177
15. 15. Boismenu R, Havran WL (1998) Short analytical review. γδ T cells in host defense and epithelial cell biology. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 86 : 121
16. 16. Boom WH, Balaji KN, Nayak R, Tsukaguchi K, Chervenak KA (1994) Characterization of a 10-to 14-kilodalton protease-sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra antigen that stimulates human γδ T cells. Infect Immun 62 : 5511
17. 17. Borst J, de Griend RJ van de, Oostveen JW van, Ang S-L, Melief CJ, Seidman JG, Bolhuis RLH (1987) A T-cell receptor γ/CD3 complex found on cloned functional lymphocytes. Nature 325 : 683
18. + T cell expansion in the peripheral blood of HIV-infected persons. J Immunol 154 : 1418
19. 19. Boullier S, Dadaglio, Lafeuillade A, Debord T, Gougeon M-L (1997) Vδ1 T cells expanded in the blood throughout HIV infection display a cytotoxic activity and are primed for TNF-α and IFN-γ production but are not selected in lymph nodes. J Immunol 159 : 3629
20. 20. Bucht A, Söderström K, Hultman T, Uhlén M, Nilsson E, Kiessling R, Grönberg A (1992) T cell receptor diversity and activation markers in the Vδ1 subset of rheumatoid synovial fluid and peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 22 : 567
21. 21. Bucht A, Söderström K, Esin S, Grunewald J, Hagelberg S, Magnusson I, Wigzell H, Grönberg A, Kiessling R (1995) Analysis of γδ V region usage in normal and diseased human intestinal biopsies and peripheral blood by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry. Clin Exp Immunol 99 : 57
22. 22. Bukowski JF, Morita CT, Brenner MB (1994) Recognition and destruction of virus-infected cells by human γδ CTL. J Immunol 153 : 5133
23. 23. Bürk, MR, Mori L, De Libero G (1995) Human Vγ9-Vδ2 cells are stimulated in a cross-relative fashion by a variety of phosphorylated metabolites. Eur J Immunol 25 : 2052
24. + T cells and IL-2. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 80 : 38
25. + T cells in the γδ T cell proliferative response to Daudi Burkitt's lymphoma. Cell Immunol 174 : 19
26. 26. Carena I, Shamshiev A, Donda A, Colonna M, De Libero G (1997) Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules modulate activation threshold and early signaling of T cell antigen receptor-γ/γ stimulated by nonpeptidic ligands. J Exp Med 186 : 1769
27. + T cells. Eur J Immunol 21 : 1195
28. 28. Chien Y-H, Jores R (1995) T cells with B-cell-like recognition properties. Curr Biol 5 : 1116
29. 29. Chomarat P, Kjeldsen-Kragh J. Qualyle AJ, Natvig JB, Miossec P (1994) Different cytokine production profiles of γδ T cell clones: relation to inflammatory arthritis. Eur J Immunol 24 : 2087
30. 30. Choudhary A, Davodeau F, Moreau A, Peyrat MA, Bonneville M, Jotcreau F (1995) Selective lysis of autologous tumor cells by recurrent γδ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from renal carcinoma. J Immunol 154 : 3932
31. 31. Chowers Y, Holtmeier W, Harwood J, Morzycka-Wroblewska E, Kagnoff MF (1994) The Vδ1 T cell receptor repertoire in human small intestine and colon. J Exp Med 180 : 183
32. + αβ T cells. J Leukoc Biol 63 : 707
33. 33. Constant P, Davodeau F, Peyrat M-A, Poquet Y, Puzo G, Bonneville M, Fournié J-J (1994) Stimulation of human γδ cells by nonpeptidic mycobacterial ligands. Science 264 : 267
34. + T-cells by different mechanisms. J Neuroimmunol 80 : 47
35. 35. Davodeau F, Peyrat M-A, Houde I, Halle M-M, De Libero G, Vié H, Bonneville M (1993) Surface expression of two distinct functional antigen receptors on human γδ T cells. Science 260 : 1800
36. 36. Davodeau F, Peyrat M-A, Gaschet J, Hallet M-M, Triebel F, Vié H, Kabelitz D, Bonneville M (1994) Surface expression of functional T cell receptor chains formed by interlocus recombination on human T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 180 : 1685
37. 37. De Libero G (1997) Sentinel function of broadly reactive human γδ T cells. Immunol Today 18 : 22
38. + T cells. J Exp Med 173 : 1311
39. 39. De Paoli P, Gennari D, Martelli P, Cavazerani V, Comoretto R, Santini G (1990) γδ T cell receptor-bearing lymphocytes during Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Infect Dis 161 : 1013
40. 40. De Paoli P, Gennari D, Martelli P, Basaglia G, Crovatto M, Battistin S (1991) A subset of γδ lymphocytes is increased during HIV-1 infection Clin Exp Immunol 83 : 187
41. 41. Deusch K, Lüling F, Rech K, Claasen M, Wagner H, Pfeffer K (1991) A major fraction of human intraepithelial lymphocytes simultaneously expresses the γ/δ T cell receptor, CD8 accessory molecule and preferentially uses the Vδ1 gene segment. Eur J Immunol 21 : 1053
42. + T lymphocytes in contact sensitivity. Immunology 93 : 469
43. 43. Dobmeyer TS, Dobmeyer JM, Klein SA, Wesch D, Wagner S, Helm EB, Hoelxer D, Rossol R, Kabelitz D (1998) Mechanism of γδ T-cell-mediated inhibition of stem cell differentiation in vitro: possible relevance for myelosuppression in HIV-infected individuals. Cell Immunol 184 : 26
44. 44. Duarte R, Kindlelan JM, Carracedo J, Sanchez-Guijo P, Ramirez R (1997) Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces apoptosis in γ/δ T lymphocytes from patients with advanced clinical forms of active tuberculosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 4 : 14
45. + T cells or cytokines that signal through components of the IL-2R. J Immunol 157 : 2096
46. + T cells in healthy individuals from different areas of the world. Scand J Immunol 43 : 593
47. 47. Fajac I, Tuzi A, Hance AJ, Bouchonnet F, Riquet M, Battesti JP, Soler P (1992) Lymphocytes infiltrating normal human lung and lung carcinomas rarely express γδ T cell antigen receptors. Clin Exp Immunol 87 : 127
48. 48. Falini B, Flenghi L, Pileri S, Pelicci P, Fagioli M, Martelli MF, Moretta L, Ciccone E (1989) Distribution of T cells bearing different forms of the T cell receptor γ/δ in normal and pathological human tissues. J Immunol 143 : 2480
49. 49. Ferrick DA, Schrenzel MD, Mulvania T, Hsieh B, Ferlin WG, Lepper H (1995) Differential production of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 in response to Th2-and Th2-stimulating pathogens by γδ T cells in vivo. Nature 373 : 255
50. δ2 T cells of a GroEL homolog on Daudi Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Science 250 : 1269
51. 51. Fisch P, Meuer E, Pende D, Rothenfusser S, Viale O, Kock S, Ferrone S, Fradelizi D, Klein G, Moretta L, Rammensce HG, Boon T, Coulie P, Bruggen P van der (1997) Control of B cell lymphoma recognition via natural killer inhibitory receptors implies a role for human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells in tumor immunity. Eur J Immunol 27 : 3368
52. 52. Follows GA, Munk ME, Gatrill AJ, Conradt P, Kaufmann SHE (1992) Gamma interferon and interleukin 2, but not interleukin 4, are detectable in γ/δ T-cell cultures after activation with bacteria. Infect Immun 60 : 1229
53. 53. Fournié JJ, Bonneville M (1996) Stimulation of γδ T cells by phosphoantigens. Res Immunol 147 : 338
54. 54. Freedman MS, Ruijs T, Selin L, Antel J (1991) Peripheral blood γδ T cells lyse fresh human brain derived oligodendrocytes. Ann Neurol 30 : 794
55. 55. Freedman MS, D'Souza S, Antel JP (1997) γδ T-cell-human glial cell interactions. I. In vitro induction of γδ T-cell expansion by human glial cells. J Neuroimmunol 74 : 135
56. 56. García VE, Sieling PA, Gong JH, Barnes PF, Uyemura K, Tanaka Y, Bloom BR, Morita CT, Modlin RL (1997) Single-cell cytokine analysis of γδ T cell responses to nonpeptide mycobacterial antigens. J Immunol 159 : 1328
57. 57. Geissler RG, Rossol R, Mentzel U, Ottmann OG, Klein AS, Gute P, Helm EB, Hoelzer D, Ganser A (1996) γδ-T cell-receptor-positive lymphocytes inhibit human hematopoietic progenitor cell growth in HIV type 1-infected patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 12 : 577
58. + cells increase with age and limit the repertoire of human γδ T cells. Eur J Immunol 24 : 1914
59. + T cells stimulated by Plasmodium falciparum. Parasite Immunol 17 : 413
60. 60. Groh V, Porcelli S, Fabbi M, Lanier LL, Picker LJ, Anderson T, Warnke RA, Bhan AK, Strominger JL, Brenner MB (1989) Human lymphocytes bearing T-cell receptor γδ are phenotypically diverse and evenly distributed throughout the lymphoid system. J Exp Med 169 : 1277
61. 61. Groh V, Bahram S, Bauer S, Herman A, Beauchamp M, Spies T (1996) Cell stress-regulated human major histocompatibility complex class I gene expressed in gastrointestinal epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 : 12445
62. 62. Groh V, Steinle A, Bauer S, Spies T (1998) Recognition of stress-induced MHC molecules by intestinal epithelial γδ T cells. Science, 279 : 1737
63. 63. Haas W, Pereira P, Tonegawa S (1993) Gamma/delta cells. Annu Rev Immunol 11 : 637
64. + subset of human γδ T cells responds to ligands expressed by EBV-infected Burkitt lymphoma cells and transformed B lymphocytes. J Immunol 149 : 3984
65. 65. Halary F, Peyrat MA, Champagne E, Lopez-Botet M, Moretta A, Moretta L, Vié H, Fournié JJ, Bonneville M (1997) Control of self-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes expressing γδ T cell receptors by natural killer inhibitory receptors. Eur J Immunol 27 : 2812
66. + phenotypes are increased in coeliac disease. Scand J Immunol 30 : 665
67. + T cells respond to mycobacterial heat-shock protein. Nature 340 : 309
68. 68. Harrison LC, Dempsey-Collier M, Kramer DR, Takahashi K (1996) Aerosol insulin induces regulatory CD8 γδ T cells that prevent murine insulin-dependent diabetes. J Exp Med 184 : 2167
69. 69. Hayday A, Geng L (1997) γδ cells regulate autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 9 : 884
70. 70. Hinz T, Wesch D, Friese K, Reckziegel A, Arden B, Kabelitz D (1994) T cell receptor γδ repertoire in HIV-1-infected individuals. Eur J Immunol 24 : 3044
71. 71. Hinz T, Marx S, Nerl C, Kabelitz D (1996) Clonal expansion of γδ T cells expressing two distinct T cell receptors. Br J Haematol 94 : 62
72. 72. Hinz T, Wesch D, Halary F, Marx S, Choudhary A, Arden B, Janssen O, Bonneville M, Kabelitz D (1997) Identification of the complete expressed human TCR Vγ repertoire by flow cytometry. Int Immunol 9 : 1065
73. 73. Hiromatsu K, Yoshikai Y, Matsuzaki G, Ohga S, Muramori K, Matsumoto K, Bluestone JA, Nomoto K (1992) A protective role of γ/δ T cells in primary infection with Listeria monocytogenes in mice. J Exp Med 175 : 49
74. 74. Ho M, Tongtawe P, Kriangkum J, Wimonwattrawatee T, Pattanapanyasat K, Bryant L, Shafiq J, Suntharsamai P, Looareesuwan S, Webster HK, Elliott JF (1994) Polyclonal expansion of peripheral γδ T cells in human Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Infect Immun 62 : 855
75. + mycobacteria-reactive T lymphocyte clones from rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid. Nature 339 : 226
76. 76. Holtmeier W, Chowers Y, Lumeng A, Morzycka-Wroblewska E, Kagnoff MF (1995) The δ T cell receptor repertoire in human colon and peripheral blood is oligoclonal irrespective of V region usage. J Clin Invest 96 : 1108
77. 77. Holtmeier W, Rowell DL, Nyberg A, Kagnoff MF (1997) Distinct δ T cell receptor repertoires in monozygotic twins concordant for coeliac disease. Clin Exp Immunol 107 : 148
78. 78. Holtmeier W, Witthöft T, Hennemann A, Winter HS, Kagnoff MF (1997) The TCR-δ repertoire in human intestine undergoes characteristic changes during fetal to adult development. J Immunol 158 : 5632
79. + T lymphocytes during progression of HIV infection. J Immunol 158 : 464
80. 80. Jameson SC, Hogquist KA, Bevan MJ (1995) Positive selection of thymocytes. Annu Rev Immunol 13 : 93
81. + cell. J Immunol 146 : 35
82. 82. Jitsukawa S, Faure F, Lipinski M, Triebel F, Hercend T (1987) A novel subset of human lymphocytes with a T cell receptor-γ complex. J Exp Med 166 : 1192
83. 83. Jouen-Beades F, Paris E, Dieulois C, Lemeland JF, Barre-Dezelus V, Marret S, Humbert G, Leroy J, Tron F (1997) In vivo and in vitro activation and expansion of γδ T cells during Listeria monocytogenes infection in humans. Infect Immun 65 : 4267
84. 84. Kabelitz D (1992) Function and specificity of human γ/δ-positive T cells. Crit Rev Immunol 11 : 281
85. 85. Kabelitz D (1993) Human γδ T lymphocytes. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 102 : 1
86. 86. Kabelitz D (1995) Role of γδ T cells in the immune response against tumor cells. Cancer J 8 : 190
87. + cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors activated by allogeneic or autologous stimulator cells. J Immunol 145 : 2827
88. 88. Kabelitz D, Bender A, Schondelmaier S, Schoel B, Kaufmann SHE (1990) A large fraction of human peripheral blood TCR γ/δ-positive T cells is activated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis but not by its 65 kD heat shock protein. J Exp Med 171 : 667
89. + T-cells to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is restricted to Vγ9-bearing cells. J Exp Med 173 : 1331
90. + cells comprise a major subpopulation of γδ T cells in postnatal thymus. J Immunol 152 : 3128
91. 91. Kaufmann SHE (1996) γ/δ and other unconventional T lymphocytes: what do they see and what do they do? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 : 2272
92. 92. Keystone EC, Rittershaus C, Wood N, Snow KM, Flatow J, Purvis JC, Poplonski L, Kung PC (1991) Elevation of a γδ T cell subset in peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 84 : 78
93. 93. Kim HT, Nelson EL, Clayberger C, Sanjanwala M, Sklar J, Krensky AM (1995) γδ T cell recognition of minor Ig peptide. J Immunol 154 : 1614
94. 94. Kjedsen-Kragh J, Qualyle AJ, Skålhegg BS, Sioud M, Førre Ø (1993) Selective activation of resting human γδ T lymphocytes by interleukin-2. Eur J Immunol 23 : 2092
95. 95. Kobayashi Y, Tycko B, Soreng AL, Sklar J (1991) Transrearrangements between antigen receptor genes in normal human lymphoid tissues and in ataxia telangiectasia. J Immunol 147 : 3201
96. 96. Komano H, Fujiura Y, Kawaguchi M, Matsumoto S, Hashimoto Y, Obana S, Mombaerts P, Tonegawa S, Yamamoto H, Itohara S, Nanno M, Ishikawa H (1995) Homeostatic regulation of intestinal epithelia by intraepithelial γδ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 : 6147
97. + T lymphocytes recognize tetanus toxoid in an MHC-restricted fashion. J Exp Med 169 : 1847
98. 98. Krangel M, Yssel H, Brocklehurst C, Spits H (1990) A distinct wave of human T cell receptor γ/δ lymphocytes in the early fetal thymus. Evidence for controlled gene rearrangement and cytokine production. J Exp Med 172 : 847
99. 99. Krejsek J, Kral B, Vokurkova D, Derner V, Touskova M, Parakova Z, Kopecky O (1998) Decreased peripheral blood γδ T cells in patients with bronchial asthma. Allergy 53 : 73
100. 100. Ladel CH, Blum C, Dreher A, Reifenberg K, Kaufmann SHE (1995) Protective role of γ/δ T cells and α/β T cells in tuberculosis. Eur J Immunol 25 : 2877
101. 101. Lahn M, Kalataradi H, Mittelstadt P, Pflum E, Vollmer M, Cady C, Mukasa A, Vella AT, Ikle D, Harbeck R, O'Brien R, Born W (1998) Early preferential stimulation of γδ T cells by TNF-α. J Immunol 160 : 5221
102. 102. Lang F, Peyrat MA, Constant P, Davodeau F, David-Amelie J, Poquet Y, Vié H, Fournié JJ, Bonneville M (1995) Early activation of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cell broad cytotoxicity and TNF production by nonpeptidic mycobacterial ligands. J Immunol 154 : 5986
103. 103. Lanier LL (1998) NK cell receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 16 : 359
104. 104. Li B, Rossman MD, Imir T, Oner-Eyuboglu AF, Lee CW, Biancaniello R, Carding SR (1996) Disease-specific changes in γδ T cell repertoire and function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. J Immunol 157 : 4222
105. 105. Li H, Lebedeva MI, Llera AS, Fields BA, Brenner MB, Mariuzza RA (1998) Structure of the Vδ domain of a human γδ T-cell antigen receptor. Nature 391 : 502
106. 106. Liedtke W, Meyer G, Faustmann PM, Warnatz H, Raine CS (1997) Clonal expansion and decreased occurrence of peripheral blood γδ T cells of the Vδ2Jδ3 lineage in multiple sclerosis patients. Int Immunol 9 : 1031
107. 107. Lipkowitz S, Stern M-H, Kirsch IR (1990) T cell receptor genes formed by interlocus recombination in normal and ataxia-telangiectasis lymphocytes. J Exp Med 172 : 409
108. 108. Loh EY, Wang M, Bartkowiak J, Wiaderkiewicz R, Hyjek E, Wang Z, Kozbor D (1994) Gene transfer studies of T cell receptor-γδ recognition. Specificity for staphylococcal enterotoxin A is conveyed by Vγ9 alone. J Immunol 152 : 3324
109. 109. Lundqvist C, Baranov V, Teglund S, Hammarström S, Hammarström M-L (1994) Cytokine profile and ultrastructure of intraepithelial γδ cells in chronically inflamed human gingiva suggest a cytotoxic effector function. J Immunol 153 : 2303
110. 110. Maccario R, Comoli P, Percivalle E, Montagna D, Locatelli F, Gerna G (1995) Herpes simplex virus-specific human cytotoxic T-cell colonies expressing either γδ or αβ T-cell receptor: role of accessory molecules on HLA-unrestricted killing of virus-infected targets. Immunology 85 : 49
111. + T cells obtained from patients with colon cancer respond exclusively to SEB but not to SEA. Nat Immun 14 : 188
112. + lymphocytes recognize tumor cells of epithelial origin. J Exp Med 183 : 1681
113. 113. Manfredi AA, Heltai S, Rovere P, Sciorati C, Paolucci C, Galati G, Rugarli C, Vaiani R, Clementi E, Ferrarini M (1998) Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits the CD95/CD95 ligand system of γδ T cells to cause apoptosis. Eur J Immunol 28 : 1798
114. 114. McMenamin C, Pimm C, McKersey M, Holt PG (1994) Regulation of IgE responses to inhaled antigen in mice by antigen-specific γδ T cells. Science 265 : 1869
115. 115. McVay LD, Li B, Biancaniello R, Creighton MA, Bachwich D, Lichtenstein G, Rombeau JL, Carding SR (1997) Changes in human mucosal γδ T cell repertoire and function associated with the disease process in inflammatory bowel discase. Mol Med 3 : 183
116. 116. Meliconi JR, Pitzalis C, Kingsley GH, Panayi GS (1991) γ/δ T cells and their subpopulations in blood and synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 59 : 165
117. 117. Meuer SC, Hussey RE, Fabbi M, Fox D, Acuto O, Fitzgerald KA, Hodgdon JC, Protentis JP, Schlossman SF, Reinherz EL (1984) An alternative pathway of T-cell activation: a functional role for the 50 kd T11 sheep erythrocyte receptor protein. Cell 36 : 897
118. + lymphocytes. J Exp Med 171 : 1833
119. 119. Modlin RL, Pirmez C, Hofman FM, Torigian V, Uyemura K, Rea TH, Bloom BR, Brenner MB (1989) Lymphocyctes bearing antigen-specific γδ T-cell receptors accumulate in human infectious disease lesions. Nature 339 : 554
120. 120. Mombaerts P, Arnoldi J, Russ F, Tonegawa S, Kaufmann SHE (1993) Different roles of αβ and γδ T cells in immunity against an intracellular bacterial pathogen. Nature 365 : 53
121. 121. Moretta A, Bottino C, Ciccone E, Tambussi G, Mingari MC, Ferrini S, Casorati G, Varese P, Viale O, Migone N, Moretta L (1988) Human peripheral blood lymphocytes bearing T-cell receptor γ/δ. Expression of CD8 differentiation antigen correlates with the expression of the 55-kD, Cγ2-encoded γ chain. J Exp Med 168 : 2349
122. 122. Morita CT, Parker CM, Brenner MB, Band H (1994) TCR usage and functional capabilities of human γδ T cells at birth. J Immunol 153 : 3979
123. 123. Morita CT, Beckman EM, Bukowski JF, Tanaka Y, Band H, Bloom BR, Golan DE, Brenner MB (1995) Direct presentation of nonpeptide prenyl pyrophosphate antigens to human γδ T cells. Immunity 3 : 495
124. + T cells and the recognition of MHC class I molecules. Immunology 89 : 405
125. 125. Nakata M, Smyth MJ, Norihisa Y, Kawasaki A, Shinkai Y, Okumura K, Yagita H (1990) Constitutive expression of pore-forming protein in peripheral blood γ/δ T cells: implication for their cytotoxic role in vivo. J Exp Med 172 : 1877
126. 126. Nick S, Pileri P, Tongiani S, Uematsu Y, Kappos L, DeLibero G (1995) T cell receptor gamma delta repertoire is skewed in cerehrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients: molecular and functional analyses of antigen-reactive gamma delta clones. Eur J Immunol 25 : 355
127. 127. O'Brien R, Fu Y-X, Cranfill R, Dallas A, Ellis C, Reardon C, Lang J, Carding SR, Kubo R, Born W (1992) Heat shock protein Hsp60-reactive γδ cells: a large, diversified T-lymphocyte subset with highly focused specificity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 : 4348
128. + T cells reactive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis are encoded by specific V genes but diverse V-J junctions J Immunol 147 : 3353
129. 129. Olive C, Gatenby PA, Serjeantson SW (1992) Evidence for oligoclonality of T cell receptor δ chain transcripts expressed in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Eur J Immunol 22 : 2587
130. 130. Olive C, Allen AC, Harper SJ, Wicks AC, Feehally J, Falk MC (1997) Expression of the mucosal γδ T cell receptor V region repertoire in patients with IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 52 : 1047
131. 131. Olive C, Nicol D, Falk MC (1997) Characterisation of γδ T cells in renal cell carcinoma patients by polymerase chain reaction analysis of T cell receptor transcripts. Cancer Immunol Immunother 44 : 27
132. 132. Olofsson K, Hellstroem S, Hammarstroem ML (1998) The surface epithelium of recurrent infected palatine tonsils is rich in γδ T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 111 : 36
133. + T cells proliferates in response to Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells lines in vitro. Scand J Immunol 38 : 335
134. 134. Panchamoorthy G, McLean J, Modlin RL, Morita CT, Ishikawa S, Brenner MB, Band H (1991) A predominance of the T cell receptor Vγ2 Vδ2 subset in human mycobacteria-responsive T cells suggests germline gene encoded recognition. J Immunol 147 : 3360
135. 135. Parker CM, Groh V, Band H, Porcelli SA, Morita G, Fabbi M, Glass D, Strominger JL, Brenner MB (1990) Evidence for extrathymic changes in the T-cell receptor γδ repertoire J Exp Med 171 : 1597
136. 136. Pawelec G, Sayers T, Busch FW (1989) Regulation of normal myelopoiesis and chronic myelogenous leukaemia cell proliferation through a non-cytotoxic mechanism by a γ/δ T cell clone. Immunol Lett 22 : 199
137. 137. Pechhold K, Wesch D, Schondelmaier S, Kabelitz D (1994) Primary activation of Vγ9-expressing γδ T cells by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: requirement for Th1-type CD4 T cell help and inhibition by interleukin-10. J Immunol 152 : 4984
138. 138. Poccia F, Boullier S, Lecoeur H, Cochet M, Poquet Y, Colizzi V, Fournié J-J, Gougeon ML (1990) Peripheral Vγ9/Vδ2 T cell deletion and anergy to nonpeptidic mycobacterial antigens in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected persons. J Immunol 157 : 449
139. 139. Poccia F, Cipriani B, Vendetti S, Colizzi V, Poquet Y, Battistini L, Lopez-Botet M, Fournié JJ, Gougeon ML (1997) CD94/NKG2 inhibitory receptor complex modulates both anti-viral and anti-tumoral responses of polyclonal phosphoantigen-reactive Vγ9/Vδ2 T lymphocytes. J Immunol 159 : 6009
140. 140. Poquet Y, Kroca M, Halary F, Stenmark S, Peyrat MA, Bonneville M, Fournié JJ, Sjoestedt A (1998) Expansion of Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells is triggered by Francisella tularensis-derived phosphoantigens in tularemia but not after tularemia vaccination. Infect Immun 66 : 2107
141. 141. Porcelli SA (1995) The CD1 family: a third lineage of antigen-presenting molecules. Adv Immunol 59 : 1
142. 142. Porcelli SA, Brenner, MB, Band, H (1991) Biology of the human γδ T-cell receptor. Immunol Rev 120 : 137
143. 143. Rajan A, Gao Y-L, Raine CS, Brosan CF (1996) A pathogenic role for γδ T cells in relapsing-remitting experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the SJL mouse. J Immunol 157 : 941
144. 144. Raziuddin S, Telmasani AW, El-Awad ME-H, Al-Amari O, Al-Janadi M (1992) γδ T cells and the immune response in visceral leishmaniasis. Eur J Immunol 22 : 1143
145. 145. Romagné F, Peyrat M-A, Leget C, Davodeau F, Houde I, Necker A, Hallet M-M, Vié H, Bonneville M (1996) Structural analysis of γδ TCR using a novel set of TCR γ and δ chain-specific monoclonal antibodies generated against soluble γδ TCR. Evidence for a specific conformation adopted by the Jδ2 region and for a Vδ1 polymorphism. J Immunol Methods 189 : 25
146. + T cells during experimental infection of mice with Leishmania major. J Immunol 150 : 550
147. + γδ T cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow as a selective feature of HIV-1 but not other virus infections. Br J Haematol 100 : 728
148. 148. Rothenberg ME, Weber WEJ, Longtine JA, Hafler DA (1996) Cytotoxic γδ T lymphocytes associated with an Epstein-Barr virus-induced posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 80 : 266
149. + lymphocyte response on primary exposure to Plasmodium falciparum. Clin Exp Immunol 95 : 91
150. 150. Rzepczyk CM, Stamatiou S, Anderson K, Stowers A, Cheng Q, Saul A, Allworth A, McCormack J, Whitby M, Olive C, Lawrence G (1996) Experimental human Plasmodium falciparum infection: longitudinal analysis of lymphocyte responses with particular reference to γδ T cells. Scand J Immunol 43 : 219
151. 151. Saito H, Kranz DM, Takagaki Y, Hayday AC, Eisen HN, Tonegawa S (1984) Complete primary structure of a heterodimeric T-cell receptor deduced from cDNA sequences. Nature 309 : 757
152. + T cells in the jejunal epithelium of patients with coeliac disease and and dermatitis herpetiformis is increased with age Clin Exp Immunol 109 : 464
153. 153. Schild H, Mavaddat H, Litzenberger C, Ehrich EW, Davis MM, Bluestone JA, Matis L, Draper RK, Chin Y-H ( 1994) The nature of major histocompatibility complex recognition by γδ T cells. Cell 76 : 29
154. 154. Schneider T, Jahn HU, Liesenfeld O, Steinhoff D, Riecken EO, Zeitz M, Ullrich R (1997) The number and proportion of Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells rise significantly in the peripheral blood of patients after the onset of acute Coxiella burnettii infection. Clin Infect Dis 24 : 261
155. 155. Schondelmaier S, Wesch D, Pechhold K, Kabelitz D (1993) Vγ gene usage in peripheral blood γδ T lymphocytes. Immunol Lett 38 : 121
156. 156. Sciammas R, Kodukula P, Tang Q, Hendricks RL, Bluestone JA (1997) T cell receptor-γ/δ cells protect mice from herpes simplex virus type 1-induced lethal encephalitis. J Exp Med 185 : 1969
157. + oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 : 6452
158. 158. Shen J, Andrews DM, Pandolfi F, Boyle LA, Kersten CM, Blatman RN, Kurnick JT (1998) Oligoclonality of Vδ1 and Vδ2 cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: TCR selection is not altered by stimulation with gram-negative bacteria. J Immunol 160 : 3048
159. + cell subsets in the synovial membranes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Immunol 36 : 533
160. 160. Shimenkovitz R, Colburn C, Burnham JA, Murray RS, Kotzin BL (1993) Clonal expansions of activated γ/δ T cells in recent-onset multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90 : 923
161. 161. Sieling PA, Chatterjee D, Porcelli SA, Prigozy TI, Mazzaccaro PJ, Soriano T, Bloom BR, Brenner MB, Kronenberg M, Brennan PJ, Modlin RL (1995) CD1-restricted T cell recognition of microbial lipoglycan antigens. Science 269 : 227
162. 162. Sioud M, Førre Ø, Natvig JB (1991) T cell receptor δ diversity of freshly isolated T lymphocytes in rheumatoid synovitis. Eur J Immunol 21 : 239
163. 163. Smith MD Bröker R, Moretta L, Ciccone E, Grossi CE, Edwards JCW, Yüksel F, Colaco B, Worman C, Mackenzie L, Kinne R, Weseloh G, Glückert K, Lydyard PM (1990) T γδ cells and their subsets in blood and synovial tissue from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Scand J Immunol 32 : 585
164. 164. Spencer J, Isaacson PG, Diss TC, MacDonald TT (1989) Expression of disulfide-linked and non-disulfide-linked forms of the T cell receptor γ/δ heterodimer in human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 19 : 1335
165. 165. Spencer J, Isaacson PG, MacDonald TT, Thomas AJ, Walker-Smith JA (1991) Gamma/delta T cells and the diagnosis of coeliac disease. Clin Exp Immunol 85 : 109
166. +Th2-type γδ T cells in bronchial asthma. Mol Med 1 : 821
167. 167. Spinozzi F, Agea E, Bistoni O, Forenza N, Bertotto A (1998) γδ T cells, allergen recognition and airway inflammation. Immunol Today 19 : 22
168. 168. Sturm E, Braakman E, Fisch P, Vreugdenhil RJ, Sondel P, Bolhuis RLH (1990) Human Vγ9-Vδ2 T cell receptor-γδ lymphocytes show specificity to Daudi Burkitt's lymphoma cells. J Immunol 145 : 3202
169. 169. Subauste CS, Chung JY, Do D, Koniaris AH, Hunter CA, Montoya JG, Porcelli S, Remington JS (1995) Preferential activation and expansion of human peripheral blood γδ T cells in response to Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and their cytokine production and cytotoxic activity against T. gondii-infected cells. J Clin Invest 96 : 610
170. 170. Sumida T, Maeda T, Takhashi H, Yoshida S, Yonaha F, Sakamoto A, Tomioka H, Koike T, Yoshida S (1992) Predominant expansion of Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells in a tularemia patient. Infect Immun 60 : 2554
171. 171. Szczepanik M, Anderson LR, Ushio H, Ptak W, Owen MJ, Hayday AC, Askenase PW (1996) γδ T cells from tolerized αβ T cell receptor (TCR)-deficient mice inhibit contact sensitivity-effector T cells in vivo, and their interferon-γ production in vitro. J Exp Med 184 : 2129
172. 172. Tanaka Y, Morita CT, Tanaka Y, Nieves E, Brenner MB, Bloom BR (1995) Natural and synthetic nonpeptide antigens recognized by human γδ T cells. Nature 375 : 155
173. 173. Tsuji M, Mombaerts P, Lefrancois L, Nussenzweig RS, Zavala F, Tonegawa S (1994) γδ T cells contribute to immunity against the liver stages of malaria in αβ T cell-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 : 345
174. + αβ T cell and γδ T cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Similarities and differences in Ag recognition, cytotoxic effector function and cytokine production. J Immunol 154 : 1786
175. 175. Ueta C, Tsuyuguchi I, Kawasumi H, Takashima T, Toba H, Kishimoto S (1994) Increase of γ/δ T cells in hospital workers who are in close contact with tuberculosis patients. Infect Immun 62 : 5434
176. 176. Ueta C, Kawasumi H, Fujiwara H, Miyagawa T, Kida H, Ohmoto Y, Kishimoto S, Tsuyuguchi I (1996) Interleukin-12 activates human γδ T cells: synergistic effect of tumor necrosis factor-α. Eur J Immunol 26 : 3066
177. 177. Uh ST, Ki SY, Lim GI, Moon SH, Jeong SW, Kim HT, Kim YH, Park CS (1998) The T cell receptor subsets of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis Respir Med 92 : 408
178. 178. Vila LM, Haftel HM, Park H-S, Lin M-S, Romzek NC, Hanash SM, Holoshitz J (1995) Expansion of mycobacterium-reactive γδ T cells by a subset of memory helper T cells. Infect Immun 63 : 1211
179. high γδ T cells in lyme arthritis. J Exp Med 184 : 2109
180. 180. Wallace M, Malkovsky M, Carding SR (1995) Gamma/delta T lymphocytes in viral infections. J Leukoc Biol 58 : 277
181. 181. Wallace M, Bartz SR, Chang WL, Mackenzie DA, Pauza CD, Malkovsky M (1996) γδ T lymphocyte reponses to HIV. Clin Exp Immunol 103 : 177
182. 182. Wallace M, Scharko AM, Pauza CD, Fisch P, Imaoka K, Kawabata S, Fujihashi K, Kiyono H, Tanaka Y, Bloom BR, Malkovsky M (1997) Functional γδ T-lymphocte defect associated with human immunodeficiency virus infections. Mol Med 3 : 60
183. 183. Warr K, Fortune F, Namie S, Wilson A, Shinnick T, Van der Zee R, Williams G, Lehner T (1997) T-cell epitopes recognized within the 65,000 MW hsp in patients with IgA nephropathy. Immunology 91 : 399
184. + T cells into human colorectal cancer: flow cytometric analysis of TCR-γδ expression in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Clin Exp Immunol 102 : 167
185. 185. Wei YQ, Zhao X, Kariya Y, Fukata H, Teshigawara K, Uchida A (1996) Induction of autologous tumor killing by heat treatment of fresh human tumor cells: involvement of γδ T cells and heat shock protein 70. Cancer Res 56 : 1104
186. 186. Wen L, Hayday AC (1997) γδ T-cell help in responses to pathogens and in the develpment of systemic autoimmunity. Immunol Res 16 : 229
187. 187. Wesch D, Kabelitz D, Friese K, Pechhold K (1996) Mycobacteria-reactive γδ T tells in HIV-infected individuals: lack of Vγ9 cell responsiveness is due to deficiency of antigen-specific CD4 T helper type 1 cells. Eur J Immunol 26 : 557
188. 188. Wesch D, Marx S, Kabelitz D (1997) Comparative analysis of αβ and γδ T-cell activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and isopentenyl pyrophosphate. Eur J Immunol 27 : 952
189. 189. Wesch D, Hinz T, Kabelitz D (1998) Analysis of the T cell receptor Vγ repertoire in healthy donors and HIV-1-infected individuals. Int Immunol (in press)
190. 190. Wesselborg S, Janssen O, Pechhold K, Kabelitz D (1991) Selective activation of γ/δ-positive T cell clones by single anti-CD2 antibodies. J Exp Med 173 : 297
191. + cells suppress experimental autoimmune uveitis. Eur J Immunol 26 : 2140
192. + T cell patterns in Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. Clin Exp Immunol 108 : 34
193. 193. Wucherpfennig KW, Newcombe J, Li H Keddy C, Cuzner ML, Hafler DA (1992) γδ T cell receptor repertoire in acute multiple sclerosis lesions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 : 4588
194. 194. Young JL, Goodall JC, Beacock-Sharp H, Gaston JS (1997) Human γδ T-cell recognition of Yersinia enterocolitica. Immunology 91 : 503
195. 195. Zocchi MR, Ferrarini M, Migone N, Casorati G (1994) T-cell receptor Vδ gene usage by tumour reactive γδ T lymphocytes infiltrating human lung cancer. Immunology 81 : 234
196. 196. Zuany-Amorim C, Ruffié C, Hailé S, Vargaftig BB, Pereira P, Pretolani M (1998) Requirement for γδ T cells in allergic airway inflammation. Science 280 : 1265