메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 46-63

Review of Science issues, deployment strategy, and status for the ARM North Slope of Alaska-Adjacent Arctic Ocean climate research site

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CARBON DIOXIDE; CLOUDS; GLOBAL WARMING; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OCEANOGRAPHY; RADIOMETERS; REMOTE SENSING; SEA ICE; VAPORS;

EID: 0033011823     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442-12.1.46     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (71)

References (105)
  • 1
    • 0031011281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of surface turbulent fluxes over leads in Arctic sea ice
    • Alam, A., and J. A. Curry. 1997: Determination of surface turbulent fluxes over leads in Arctic sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 3331-3344.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 3331-3344
    • Alam, A.1    Curry, J.A.2
  • 2
    • 0027873092 scopus 로고
    • The Arctic sea ice-climate system: Observations and modeling
    • Barry, R. G., M. C. Serreze, J. A. Maslanik, and R. H. Preller, 1993: The Arctic sea ice-climate system: Observations and modeling. Rev. Geophys., 31, 397-422.
    • (1993) Rev. Geophys. , vol.31 , pp. 397-422
    • Barry, R.G.1    Serreze, M.C.2    Maslanik, J.A.3    Preller, R.H.4
  • 3
    • 0344050714 scopus 로고
    • Lower tropospheric inversions at Ice Island T-3
    • R. Sutcliffe, Ed., Pergamon Press
    • Belmont, A. D., 1957: Lower tropospheric inversions at Ice Island T-3. Polar Atmosphere Simposium, R. Sutcliffe, Ed., Pergamon Press, 215-285.
    • (1957) Polar Atmosphere Simposium , pp. 215-285
    • Belmont, A.D.1
  • 4
    • 0028976202 scopus 로고
    • Water vapour-temperature feedback in the formation of continental arctic air: Implication for climate
    • Blanchet, J.-P., and E. Girard, 1995: Water vapour-temperature feedback in the formation of continental arctic air: Implication for climate. Sci. Total Environ., 160/161, 793-802.
    • (1995) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.160-161 , pp. 793-802
    • Blanchet, J.-P.1    Girard, E.2
  • 5
    • 0027062262 scopus 로고
    • Climatology of surface-based inversions in the North American Arctic
    • Bradley, R. S., F. T. Keimig, and H. F. Diaz, 1992: Climatology of surface-based inversions in the North American Arctic. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 15 699-15 712.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 15699-15712
    • Bradley, R.S.1    Keimig, F.T.2    Diaz, H.F.3
  • 8
    • 0001006562 scopus 로고
    • The effect of solar radiation variations on the climate of the Earth
    • Budyko, M. I., 1969: The effect of solar radiation variations on the climate of the Earth. Tellus, 21, 61-69.
    • (1969) Tellus , vol.21 , pp. 61-69
    • Budyko, M.I.1
  • 9
    • 84975637110 scopus 로고
    • Continuum absorption by H20
    • Air Force Cambridge Res. Lab., Bedford, MA, 32 pp.
    • Burch, D. E., 1981: Continuum absorption by H20. AFGL-TR-81-0300. Air Force Cambridge Res. Lab., Bedford, MA, 32 pp.
    • (1981) AFGL-TR-81-0300
    • Burch, D.E.1
  • 10
    • 84982690249 scopus 로고
    • 4 increase since the last glacial maximum. 1: Source estimates
    • 4 increase since the last glacial maximum. 1: Source estimates. Tellus, 45B, 228-241.
    • (1993) Tellus , vol.45 B , pp. 228-241
    • Cappellaz, J.A.1    Fung, I.2    Thompson, A.M.3
  • 12
    • 0002348938 scopus 로고
    • Nimbus-7 SMMR derive global snow cover parameters
    • Chang, A. T. C., J. L. Foster, and D. K. Hall, 1987: Nimbus-7 SMMR derive global snow cover parameters. Ann. Glaciol., 9, 39-44.
    • (1987) Ann. Glaciol. , vol.9 , pp. 39-44
    • Chang, A.T.C.1    Foster, J.L.2    Hall, D.K.3
  • 13
    • 0027829853 scopus 로고
    • Recent variations of sea ice and air temperature in high latitudes
    • Chapman, W. L., and J. E. Walsh, 1993: Recent variations of sea ice and air temperature in high latitudes. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 74, 33-47.
    • (1993) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.74 , pp. 33-47
    • Chapman, W.L.1    Walsh, J.E.2
  • 14
    • 0000925261 scopus 로고
    • The albedo of snow for partially cloudy skies
    • Choudhury, B. J., and A. T. C. Chang, 1981: The albedo of snow for partially cloudy skies. Bound-Layer Meteor., 20, 371-389.
    • (1981) Bound-Layer Meteor. , vol.20 , pp. 371-389
    • Choudhury, B.J.1    Chang, A.T.C.2
  • 15
    • 0024798877 scopus 로고
    • Line shape and the water vapor continuum
    • Clough, S. A., F. X. Kneizys, and R. W. Davies, 1989: Line shape and the water vapor continuum. Atmos. Res., 23, 229-241.
    • (1989) Atmos. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 229-241
    • Clough, S.A.1    Kneizys, F.X.2    Davies, R.W.3
  • 16
    • 0027075642 scopus 로고
    • Line-by-line calculations of atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates: Application to water vapor
    • _, M. J. Iacono, and J.-L. Moncet, 1992: Line-by-line calculations of atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates: Application to water vapor. J. Geopys. Res., 97, 15 761-15 785.
    • (1992) J. Geopys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 15761-15785
    • Iacono, M.J.1    Moncet, J.-L.2
  • 17
    • 0028977053 scopus 로고
    • Interactions among aerosols, clouds, and climate of the Arctic Ocean
    • Curry, J. A., 1995: Interactions among aerosols, clouds, and climate of the Arctic Ocean. Sci. Total Environ., 160/161, 777-791.
    • (1995) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.160-161 , pp. 777-791
    • Curry, J.A.1
  • 18
    • 0027042474 scopus 로고
    • Annual cycle of radiative fluxes over the Arctic Ocean: Sensitivity to cloud optical properties
    • _, and E. E. Ebert, 1992: Annual cycle of radiative fluxes over the Arctic Ocean: Sensitivity to cloud optical properties. J. Climate, 5, 1267-1280.
    • (1992) J. Climate , vol.5 , pp. 1267-1280
    • Ebert, E.E.1
  • 19
    • 21144469196 scopus 로고
    • Impact of clouds on the surface radiation balance of the Arctic Ocean
    • _, _, and J. L. Schramm, 1993: Impact of clouds on the surface radiation balance of the Arctic Ocean. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 51, 197-217.
    • (1993) Meteor. Atmos. Phys. , vol.51 , pp. 197-217
    • Schramm, J.L.1
  • 20
    • 0029102521 scopus 로고
    • Water vapor feedback over the Arctic Ocean
    • _, J. L. Schramm, M. C. Serreze, and E. E. Ebert, 1995: Water vapor feedback over the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14 223-14 229.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 14223-14229
    • Schramm, J.L.1    Serreze, M.C.2    Ebert, E.E.3
  • 21
    • 0030435211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of Arctic cloud and radiation characteristics
    • _, W. B. Rossow, D. Randall, and J. L. Schramm, 1996: Overview of Arctic cloud and radiation characteristics. J. Climate, 9, 1731-1764.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 1731-1764
    • Rossow, W.B.1    Randall, D.2    Schramm, J.L.3
  • 22
    • 0027706605 scopus 로고
    • Interdecadal variations of the thermohaline circulation in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model
    • Delworth, T., S. Manabe, and R. J. Stouffer, 1993: Interdecadal variations of the thermohaline circulation in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate, 6, 1993-2001.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 1993-2001
    • Delworth, T.1    Manabe, S.2    Stouffer, R.J.3
  • 23
    • 0023384639 scopus 로고
    • Ice-albedo feedback in a CO2-doubling simulation
    • Dickinson, R. E., G. A. Meehl, and W. M. Washington, 1987: Ice-albedo feedback in a CO2-doubling simulation. Climate Change, 10, 241-248.
    • (1987) Climate Change , vol.10 , pp. 241-248
    • Dickinson, R.E.1    Meehl, G.A.2    Washington, W.M.3
  • 24
    • 0003712543 scopus 로고
    • Biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS) version 1E as coupled to the NCAR community climate model
    • 72 pp.
    • _, A. Henderson-Sellers, and P. J. Kennedy, 1992: Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) version 1E as coupled to the NCAR community climate model. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/ TN-387+STR, 72 pp.
    • (1992) NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/ TN-387+STR
    • Henderson-Sellers, A.1    Kennedy, P.J.2
  • 26
    • 0004952536 scopus 로고
    • Recent interannual variations in solar radiation, cloudiness, and surface temperature at the South Pole
    • Dutton, E. G., R. S. Stone, D. W. Nelson, and B. G. Mendonca, 1991: Recent interannual variations in solar radiation, cloudiness, and surface temperature at the South Pole. J. Climate, 4, 848-858.
    • (1991) J. Climate , vol.4 , pp. 848-858
    • Dutton, E.G.1    Stone, R.S.2    Nelson, D.W.3    Mendonca, B.G.4
  • 28
    • 0021288424 scopus 로고
    • An overview of passive microwave remote snow research and results
    • Foster, J. L., D. K. Hall, A. T. C. Chang, and A. Rango, 1984: An overview of passive microwave remote snow research and results. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 22, 195-208.
    • (1984) Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. , vol.22 , pp. 195-208
    • Foster, J.L.1    Hall, D.K.2    Chang, A.T.C.3    Rango, A.4
  • 29
    • 0028560287 scopus 로고
    • Improvements to TOVS retrievals over sea ice and applications to estimating Arctic energy fluxes
    • Francis, J. A., 1994: Improvements to TOVS retrievals over sea ice and applications to estimating Arctic energy fluxes. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10 395-10 408.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 10395-10408
    • Francis, J.A.1
  • 30
    • 0027832818 scopus 로고
    • Development of a second-generation regional climate model (reg CM2). Part I: Boundary layer and radiative transfer processes
    • Giorgi, F. M. R. Marinucci, and G. T. Bates, 1993: Development of a second-generation regional climate model (Reg CM2). Part I: Boundary layer and radiative transfer processes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2794-2813.
    • (1993) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.121 , pp. 2794-2813
    • Giorgi, F.M.R.1    Marinucci2    Bates, G.T.3
  • 31
    • 0022852719 scopus 로고
    • Determination of snow water equivalent on the Canadian prairies using microwave radiometry
    • Goodison, B. E., I. Rubinstein, F. W. Thirkettle, and E. J. Langham, 1986: Determination of snow water equivalent on the Canadian Prairies using microwave radiometry. IAHS Publ., 155, 163-173.
    • (1986) IAHS Publ. , vol.155 , pp. 163-173
    • Goodison, B.E.1    Rubinstein, I.2    Thirkettle, F.W.3    Langham, E.J.4
  • 32
    • 0001031937 scopus 로고
    • The optical properties of ice and snow in the Arctic Basin
    • Grenfell, T. C., and G. A. Maykut, 1977: The optical properties of ice and snow in the Arctic Basin. J. Glaciol., 18, 445-463.
    • (1977) J. Glaciol. , vol.18 , pp. 445-463
    • Grenfell, T.C.1    Maykut, G.A.2
  • 33
    • 0021639708 scopus 로고
    • Spectral albedos of sea ice and incident solar irradiance in the southern Beaufort Sea
    • _, and D. K. Perovich, 1984: Spectral albedos of sea ice and incident solar irradiance in the southern Beaufort Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 3573-3580.
    • (1984) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.89 , pp. 3573-3580
    • Perovich, D.K.1
  • 34
    • 0028058226 scopus 로고
    • Observed impact of snow cover on the heat balance and rise of continental spring temperatures
    • Groisman, P. Y., T. R. Karl, and R. W. Knight. 1994: Observed impact of snow cover on the heat balance and rise of continental spring temperatures. Science, 263, 198-200.
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 198-200
    • Groisman, P.Y.1    Karl, T.R.2    Knight, R.W.3
  • 35
    • 0029475912 scopus 로고
    • The effect of moonlight on observation of cloud cover at night, and application to cloud climatology
    • Hahn, C. J., S. G. Warren, and J. London. 1995: The effect of moonlight on observation of cloud cover at night, and application to cloud climatology. J. Climate, 8, 1429-1446.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 1429-1446
    • Hahn, C.J.1    Warren, S.G.2    London, J.3
  • 36
    • 0024256697 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of polar climate change using satellite technology
    • Hall, D. K., 1988: Assessment of polar climate change using satellite technology. Rev. Geophys., 26, 26-39.
    • (1988) Rev. Geophys. , vol.26 , pp. 26-39
    • Hall, D.K.1
  • 37
    • 0032754461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing of surface and cloud properties in the Arctic from AVHRR measurements
    • in press
    • Han, W., K. Stamnes, and D. Lubin, 1999: Remote sensing of surface and cloud properties in the Arctic from AVHRR measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., in press.
    • (1999) J. Appl. Meteor.
    • Han, W.1    Stamnes, K.2    Lubin, D.3
  • 38
    • 0028493218 scopus 로고
    • The automated multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer: An instrument for optical depth and radiation measurements
    • Harrison, L., J. Michalsky, and J. Berndt, 1994: The automated multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer: An instrument for optical depth and radiation measurements. Appl. Optics, 33, 5118-5125.
    • (1994) Appl. Optics , vol.33 , pp. 5118-5125
    • Harrison, L.1    Michalsky, J.2    Berndt, J.3
  • 39
    • 0344481927 scopus 로고
    • Acoustic soundings of the Fairbanks temperature inversions
    • G. Weller and S. A Bowling, Eds., Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks
    • Holmgren, B., L. Spears, and C. S. Benson, 1975: Acoustic soundings of the Fairbanks temperature inversions. Climate of the Arctic, G. Weller and S. A Bowling, Eds., Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 293-306.
    • (1975) Climate of the Arctic , pp. 293-306
    • Holmgren, B.1    Spears, L.2    Benson, C.S.3
  • 41
    • 0024783538 scopus 로고
    • Modeling climate change: An assessment of sea ice and surface albedo feedbacks
    • Ingram, W. J., C. A. Wilson, and J. F. B. Mitchell, 1989: Modeling climate change: An assessment of sea ice and surface albedo feedbacks. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8609-8622.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 8609-8622
    • Ingram, W.J.1    Wilson, C.A.2    Mitchell, J.F.B.3
  • 44
    • 0028315194 scopus 로고
    • Radiative transfer in nonuniformly refracting media such as the atmosphere/ocean system
    • Jin, Z., and K. Stamnes, 1994: Radiative transfer in nonuniformly refracting media such as the atmosphere/ocean system. Appl. Opt., 33, 431-442.
    • (1994) Appl. Opt. , vol.33 , pp. 431-442
    • Jin, Z.1    Stamnes, K.2
  • 45
    • 0001429112 scopus 로고
    • The effect of sea ice on the solar energy budget in the atmosphere-sea ice-ocean system: A model study
    • _, _, W. F. Weeks, and S.-C. Tsay, 1994: The effect of sea ice on the solar energy budget in the atmosphere-sea ice-ocean system: A model study. J. Geophys. Res, 99, 25 281-25 294.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res , vol.99 , pp. 25281-25294
    • Weeks, W.F.1    Tsay, S.-C.2
  • 46
    • 0000342837 scopus 로고
    • The Arctic's shrinking sea ice
    • Johannesson, O. M., M. Miles, and E. Bjorgo, 1995: The Arctic's shrinking sea ice. Nature, 376, 126-127.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.376 , pp. 126-127
    • Johannesson, O.M.1    Miles, M.2    Bjorgo, E.3
  • 47
    • 0025585707 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of low-level temperature inversions along the Alaskan Arctic coast
    • Kahl, J. D., 1990: Characteristics of low-level temperature inversions along the Alaskan Arctic coast. Int. J. Climatol., 10, 537-548.
    • (1990) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.10 , pp. 537-548
    • Kahl, J.D.1
  • 48
    • 84950614718 scopus 로고
    • Low-level tropospheric temperature inversions in the Canadian Arctic
    • _, M. C. Serreze, and R. C. Scnell, 1992: Low-level tropospheric temperature inversions in the Canadian Arctic. Atmos.-Ocean, 30, 511-529.
    • (1992) Atmos.-Ocean , vol.30 , pp. 511-529
    • Serreze, M.C.1    Scnell, R.C.2
  • 49
    • 0027341294 scopus 로고
    • Absence of evidence for greenhouse warming over the Arctic Ocean during the past 40 years
    • _, D. J. Charlevoix, N. A. Zaitzeva, R. C. Scnell, and M. C. Serreze, 1993: Absence of evidence for greenhouse warming over the Arctic Ocean during the past 40 years. Nature, 361, 335-337.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 335-337
    • Charlevoix, D.J.1    Zaitzeva, N.A.2    Scnell, R.C.3    Serreze, M.C.4
  • 50
    • 19244376470 scopus 로고
    • Cloud cover analysis with Arctic AVHRR data. 1. Cloud detection
    • Key, J., and R. G. Barry, 1989: Cloud cover analysis with Arctic AVHRR data. 1. Cloud detection. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8521-8535.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 8521-8535
    • Key, J.1    Barry, R.G.2
  • 51
    • 0026469746 scopus 로고
    • Arctic ice surface temperature retrieval from AVHRR thermal channels
    • _, and M. Haeflinger, 1992: Arctic ice surface temperature retrieval from AVHRR thermal channels. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 5885-5893.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 5885-5893
    • Haeflinger, M.1
  • 52
    • 0001415815 scopus 로고
    • The mass balance of the sea ice of the Arctic Ocean
    • Koerner, R. M., 1973: The mass balance of the sea ice of the Arctic Ocean. J. Glaciol., 12, 173-185.
    • (1973) J. Glaciol. , vol.12 , pp. 173-185
    • Koerner, R.M.1
  • 53
    • 0000146161 scopus 로고
    • Increased surface albedo in the northern hemisphere
    • Kukla, J., and H. J. Kukla, 1974: Increased surface albedo in the northern hemisphere. Science, 183, 709-714.
    • (1974) Science , vol.183 , pp. 709-714
    • Kukla, J.1    Kukla, H.J.2
  • 54
    • 0020192486 scopus 로고
    • Snow-cover parameters retrieval from Nimbus-7 scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) data
    • Kunzi, K. F., S. Patil, and H. Rott, 1982: Snow-cover parameters retrieval from Nimbus-7 scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) data. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., GE-20, 452-467.
    • (1982) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. , vol.GE-20 , pp. 452-467
    • Kunzi, K.F.1    Patil, S.2    Rott, H.3
  • 55
    • 0022923616 scopus 로고
    • Changing climate: Geothermal evidence from permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic
    • Lachenbruch, A. H., and B. V. Marshall, 1986: Changing climate: Geothermal evidence from permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic. Science, 234, 689-696.
    • (1986) Science , vol.234 , pp. 689-696
    • Lachenbruch, A.H.1    Marshall, B.V.2
  • 56
    • 0028315196 scopus 로고
    • Estimations of cloud optical properties from ground-based measurements of incoming solar radiation in the Arctic
    • Leontieva, E. N., and K. Stamnes, 1994: Estimations of cloud optical properties from ground-based measurements of incoming solar radiation in the Arctic. J. Climate, 7, 566-578.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 566-578
    • Leontieva, E.N.1    Stamnes, K.2
  • 57
    • 0030428119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing of cloud optical properties from ground-based measurements of transmittance: A feasibility study
    • _, and _, 1996: Remote sensing of cloud optical properties from ground-based measurements of transmittance: A feasibility study. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 2011-2022.
    • (1996) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.35 , pp. 2011-2022
  • 58
    • 0029542453 scopus 로고
    • Development of a regional climate model of the western Arctic
    • Lynch, A. H., W. L. Chapman, J. E. Walsh, and G. Weller, 1995: Development of a regional climate model of the western Arctic. J. Climate, 8, 1555-1570.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 1555-1570
    • Lynch, A.H.1    Chapman, W.L.2    Walsh, J.E.3    Weller, G.4
  • 61
    • 0000411489 scopus 로고
    • Radiation climate of barrow, alaska, 1962-66
    • Maykut, G. A., and P. E. Church, 1973: Radiation climate of Barrow, Alaska, 1962-66. J. Appl. Meteor., 12, 620-628.
    • (1973) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.12 , pp. 620-628
    • Maykut, G.A.1    Church, P.E.2
  • 63
    • 0030158078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud properties derived from surface MFRSR measurements and comparison with GOES results at the ARM SGP site
    • Min, Q., and L. Harrison, 1996: Cloud properties derived from surface MFRSR measurements and comparison with GOES results at the ARM SGP site. Geophys. Lett., 23, 1641-1645.
    • (1996) Geophys. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 1641-1645
    • Min, Q.1    Harrison, L.2
  • 64
    • 0024258379 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric heat budgets of the polar regions
    • Nakamura, N., and A. H. Oort, 1988: Atmospheric heat budgets of the polar regions. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 9510-9524.
    • (1988) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.93 , pp. 9510-9524
    • Nakamura, N.1    Oort, A.H.2
  • 65
    • 0027387539 scopus 로고
    • Recent changes of Arctic tundra from a net carbon dioxide sink to a source
    • Oechel, W., S. J. Hastings, G. Vourlitis, M. Jenkins, G. Riechers, and N. Grulke, 1993: Recent changes of Arctic tundra from a net carbon dioxide sink to a source. Nature, 361, 520-523.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 520-523
    • Oechel, W.1    Hastings, S.J.2    Vourlitis, G.3    Jenkins, M.4    Riechers, G.5    Grulke, N.6
  • 66
    • 0023500538 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of microwave sea ice signatures during early summer and midsummer in the marginal ice zone
    • Onstott, R. G., T. C. Grenfell, C. Matzler, C. A. Luther, and E. A. Svendsen, 1987: Evolution of microwave sea ice signatures during early summer and midsummer in the marginal ice zone. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6825-6835.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 6825-6835
    • Onstott, R.G.1    Grenfell, T.C.2    Matzler, C.3    Luther, C.A.4    Svendsen, E.A.5
  • 69
    • 0018298503 scopus 로고
    • The utilization of spaceborne microwave radiometers for monitoring snowpack properties
    • Rango, A., A. T. C. Chang, and J. L. Foster, 1979: The utilization of spaceborne microwave radiometers for monitoring snowpack properties. Nord. Hydrol., 10, 25-40.
    • (1979) Nord. Hydrol. , vol.10 , pp. 25-40
    • Rango, A.1    Chang, A.T.C.2    Foster, J.L.3
  • 70
    • 0026614369 scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing of clouds and surface radiation budget over polar regions
    • Raschke, E., P. Bauer, and H. J. Lutz, 1992: Remote sensing of clouds and surface radiation budget over polar regions. Int. J. Remote Sens., 13, 13-22.
    • (1992) Int. J. Remote Sens. , vol.13 , pp. 13-22
    • Raschke, E.1    Bauer, P.2    Lutz, H.J.3
  • 71
    • 0029527164 scopus 로고
    • The role of sea ice in 2 × CO2 climate model sensitivity. Part I: The total influence of sea ice thickness and extent
    • Rind, D., R. Healy, C. Parkinson, and D. Martinson, 1995: The role of sea ice in 2 × CO2 climate model sensitivity. Part I: The total influence of sea ice thickness and extent. J. Climate, 8, 449-463.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 449-463
    • Rind, D.1    Healy, R.2    Parkinson, C.3    Martinson, D.4
  • 73
    • 0027037378 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale patterns and variability of snowmelt and parameterized surface albedo in the Arctic Basin
    • _, M. C. Serreze, R. G. Barry, G. Scharfen, and G. Kukla, 1992: Large-scale patterns and variability of snowmelt and parameterized surface albedo in the Arctic Basin. J. Climate, 5, 1109-1119.
    • (1992) J. Climate , vol.5 , pp. 1109-1119
    • Serreze, M.C.1    Barry, R.G.2    Scharfen, G.3    Kukla, G.4
  • 74
    • 0344913210 scopus 로고
    • Another look at the seasonal variation of polar cloudiness with satellite and surface observations
    • Preprints, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Rossow, W. B., 1995: Another look at the seasonal variation of polar cloudiness with satellite and surface observations, Preprints, Fourth Conf. on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1-4.
    • (1995) Fourth Conf. on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography , pp. 1-4
    • Rossow, W.B.1
  • 75
    • 0027799926 scopus 로고
    • Validation of ISCCP cloud detections
    • _, and L. C. Garder, 1993: Validation of ISCCP cloud detections. J. Climate, 6, 2370-2393.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 2370-2393
    • Garder, L.C.1
  • 76
    • 0028977681 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of surface and top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes from physical quantities based on ISCCP data sets. Part II: Validation and first results
    • _, and Y.-C. Zhang, 1995: Calculation of surface and top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes from physical quantities based on ISCCP data sets. Part II: Validation and first results. J. Geophys. Res, 100, 1167-1197.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res , vol.100 , pp. 1167-1197
    • Zhang, Y.-C.1
  • 77
    • 0028552810 scopus 로고
    • Arctic Ocean radiative fluxes and cloud forcing estimated from the ISCCP C2 cloud dataset, 1983-90
    • Schweiger, J. A., and J. R. Key, 1994: Arctic Ocean radiative fluxes and cloud forcing estimated from the ISCCP C2 cloud dataset, 1983-90. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 948-963.
    • (1994) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.33 , pp. 948-963
    • Schweiger, J.A.1    Key, J.R.2
  • 78
    • 0001195323 scopus 로고
    • Low-level temperature inversions of the Eurasian Arctic and comparisons with Soviet ice island data
    • Serreze, M. C., J. D. Kahl, and R. C. Schnell, 1992: Low-level temperature inversions of the Eurasian Arctic and comparisons with Soviet ice island data. J. Climate, 5, 599-613.
    • (1992) J. Climate , vol.5 , pp. 599-613
    • Serreze, M.C.1    Kahl, J.D.2    Schnell, R.C.3
  • 79
    • 0029109064 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric water vapor characteristics at 70°N
    • _, R. G. Barry, and J. E. Walsh, 1995a: Atmospheric water vapor characteristics at 70°N. J. Climate, 8, 719-731.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 719-731
    • Barry, R.G.1    Walsh, J.E.2
  • 80
    • 0029474192 scopus 로고
    • The distribution and transport of atmospheric water vapor over the Arctic basin
    • _, M. C. Rehder, R. G. Barry, J. D. Kahl, and N. A. Zaitseva, 1995b: The distribution and transport of atmospheric water vapor over the Arctic basin. Int. J. Climatol., 15, 709-727.
    • (1995) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.15 , pp. 709-727
    • Rehder, M.C.1    Barry, R.G.2    Kahl, J.D.3    Zaitseva, N.A.4
  • 81
    • 21144472534 scopus 로고
    • Arctic haze: Perturbation to the radiation field
    • Shaw, G. E., K. Stamnes, and Y.-X. Hu, 1993: Arctic haze: Perturbation to the radiation field. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 51, 227-235.
    • (1993) Meteor. Atmos. Phys. , vol.51 , pp. 227-235
    • Shaw, G.E.1    Stamnes, K.2    Hu, Y.-X.3
  • 82
    • 0021558994 scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of the shortwave flux over high albedo surfaces as a function of cloud thickness and surface albedo
    • Shine, K. P., 1984: Parameterization of the shortwave flux over high albedo surfaces as a function of cloud thickness and surface albedo. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 110, 747-764.
    • (1984) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.110 , pp. 747-764
    • Shine, K.P.1
  • 83
    • 0022173583 scopus 로고
    • The sensitivity of a thermodynamic sea ice model to changes in surface albedo parameterization
    • _, and A. Henderson-Sellers, 1985: The sensitivity of a thermodynamic sea ice model to changes in surface albedo parameterization. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 2243-2250.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 2243-2250
    • Henderson-Sellers, A.1
  • 84
    • 0021639546 scopus 로고
    • Influence of oceanic heat transport upon the sensitivity of a model climate
    • Spelman, M. J., and S. Manabe, 1984: Influence of oceanic heat transport upon the sensitivity of a model climate. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 571-586.
    • (1984) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.89 , pp. 571-586
    • Spelman, M.J.1    Manabe, S.2
  • 86
    • 0028668067 scopus 로고
    • The atmospheric radiation measurement (ARM) program: Programmatic background and design of the cloud and radiation test bed
    • Stokes, G. E., and S. E. Schwartz, 1994: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: Programmatic background and design of the cloud and radiation test bed. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 1201-1221.
    • (1994) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.75 , pp. 1201-1221
    • Stokes, G.E.1    Schwartz, S.E.2
  • 88
    • 0030431878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of global climate model simulations of arctic air temperatures
    • Tao, X., J. E. Walsh, and W. L. Chapman, 1996: An assessment of global climate model simulations of arctic air temperatures. J. Climate, 9, 1060-1076.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 1060-1076
    • Tao, X.1    Walsh, J.E.2    Chapman, W.L.3
  • 89
    • 0024799574 scopus 로고
    • Radiative energy budget in the cloudy and hazy Arctic
    • Tsay, S.-C., K. Stamnes, and K. Jayaweera, 1989: Radiative energy budget in the cloudy and hazy Arctic. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1002-1018.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 1002-1018
    • Tsay, S.-C.1    Stamnes, K.2    Jayaweera, K.3
  • 90
    • 0021544245 scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the impact of pollution on global cloud albedo
    • Twomey, S. A., M. Piepgrass, and T. L. Wolfe, 1984: An assessment of the impact of pollution on global cloud albedo. Tellus, 36B, 356-366.
    • (1984) Tellus , vol.36 B , pp. 356-366
    • Twomey, S.A.1    Piepgrass, M.2    Wolfe, T.L.3
  • 91
    • 0026286365 scopus 로고
    • CLASS - A Canadian land surface scheme for GCMs. Part I. Soil model
    • Verseghey, D. L., 1991: CLASS - A Canadian land surface scheme for GCMs. Part I. Soil model. J. Climatol., 11, 111-133.
    • (1991) J. Climatol. , vol.11 , pp. 111-133
    • Verseghey, D.L.1
  • 92
    • 0001576259 scopus 로고
    • The climate of the North Polar Basin
    • World Survey of Climatology, S. Orvig, Ed., Elsevier
    • Vowinckel, E., and S. Orvig, 1970: The climate of the North Polar Basin. World Survey of Climatology, S. Orvig, Ed., Climates of the Polar Regions. Vol. 14, Elsevier, 129-252.
    • (1970) Climates of the Polar Regions. , vol.14 , pp. 129-252
    • Vowinckel, E.1    Orvig, S.2
  • 93
    • 0027497690 scopus 로고
    • The elusive Arctic warming
    • Walsh, J. E., 1993: The elusive Arctic warming. Nature, 361, 300-301.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 300-301
    • Walsh, J.E.1
  • 94
  • 95
    • 0019113697 scopus 로고
    • A model for the spectral albedo of snow. II: Effects of aerosols
    • _, and W. J. Wiscombe, 1980: A model for the spectral albedo of snow. II: Effects of aerosols. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2734-2750.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 2734-2750
    • Wiscombe, W.J.1
  • 98
    • 0029540050 scopus 로고
    • The arctic flux study: A regional view of trace gas release
    • Weller, G., and Coauthors, 1995: The Arctic flux study: A regional view of trace gas release. J. Biogeogr., 22, 365-374.
    • (1995) J. Biogeogr. , vol.22 , pp. 365-374
    • Weller, G.1
  • 99
    • 0007432646 scopus 로고
    • The "radiation paradox" on the slopes of the Antarctic continent
    • Wendler, G., 1986: The "radiation paradox" on the slopes of the Antarctic continent. Polarforschung, 56, 33-41.
    • (1986) Polarforschung , vol.56 , pp. 33-41
    • Wendler, G.1
  • 100
    • 0344050704 scopus 로고
    • Solar radiation calculations for Arctic summer stratus conditions
    • G. Weller and S. A Bowling, Eds., Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks
    • Wiscombe, W. J., 1975: Solar radiation calculations for Arctic summer stratus conditions. Climate of the Arctic. G. Weller and S. A Bowling, Eds., Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 245-254.
    • (1975) Climate of the Arctic , pp. 245-254
    • Wiscombe, W.J.1
  • 101
    • 0019092945 scopus 로고
    • A model for the spectral albedo of snow. I: Pure snow
    • _, and S. G. Warren, 1980: A model for the spectral albedo of snow. I: Pure snow. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2712-2733.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 2712-2733
    • Warren, S.G.1
  • 102
    • 0026614372 scopus 로고
    • Cloud distribution in the Antarctic from AVHRR data and radiation measurements at the surface
    • Yamanouchi, T., and S. Kawaguchi, 1992: Cloud distribution in the Antarctic from AVHRR data and radiation measurements at the surface. Int. J. Remote Sens., 13, 111-127.
    • (1992) Int. J. Remote Sens. , vol.13 , pp. 111-127
    • Yamanouchi, T.1    Kawaguchi, S.2
  • 103
    • 0003309945 scopus 로고
    • Changing climate and permafrost temperatures in the Alaskan Arctic
    • S. China University of Technology Press
    • Zhang, T., and T. E. Osterkamp, 1993: Changing climate and permafrost temperatures in the Alaskan Arctic. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Permafrost, Vol. 1, S. China University of Technology Press, 783-788.
    • (1993) Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Permafrost , vol.1 , pp. 783-788
    • Zhang, T.1    Osterkamp, T.E.2
  • 104
    • 0030407243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of clouds on surface radiative fluxes and snowmelt at high latitudes
    • _, K. Stamnes, and S. A. Bowling, 1996: Impact of clouds on surface radiative fluxes and snowmelt at high latitudes. J. Climate, 9, 2110-2123.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 2110-2123
    • Stamnes, K.1    Bowling, S.A.2
  • 105
    • 0006541557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the atmosphere on surface radiative fluxes and snowmelt in the Arctic and subArctic
    • _, S. A. Bowling, and K. Stamnes, 1997: Impact of the atmosphere on surface radiative fluxes and snowmelt in the Arctic and subArctic. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 4287-4302.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 4287-4302
    • Bowling, S.A.1    Stamnes, K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.