Avian prey-dropping behavior. II. American crows and walnuts

Behavioral Ecology

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 220-226

  Cristol, Daniel A ^a   Switzer, Paul V ^b  

^a The College of William and Mary   (United States)

^b EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

American crow; Corvus brachyrhynchos; Foraging behavior; Juglans spp.; Kleptoparasitism; Prey dropping; Walnuts

Indexed keywords

FORAGING BEHAVIOR; PASSERINE;

CALIFORNIA; UNITED STATES;

AVES; CORVIDAE; CORVUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS; GALLIFORMES; JUGLANDACEAE; JUGLANS; PASSERIFORMES;

EID: 0033008094     PISSN: 10452249     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/beheco/10.3.220     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Barash DP, Donovan P, Myrick R, 1975. Clam dropping behavior of the glaucous-winged gull (Larus glaucescens). Wilson Bull 87:60-64.
2. Beck BB, 1980. Animal tool behavior: The use and manufacture of tools by animals. New York: Garland STMP; 199-214.
3. Berrow SD, Kelly TC, Myers AA, 1992. The diet of coastal breeding hooded crows Corvus corone cornix. Ecography 15:337-346.
4. Bindner CM, Jr, 1968. Bald eagles use tools. Flor Nat 41:169.
5. Boswall J, 1977. Further notes on tool-using by birds and related behaviour. Avic Mag 84:162-166.
6. Boswall J, 1983. Tool-using by birds and related behaviour: yet more notes. Avic Mag 89:170-181.
7. Cadée GC, 1989. Size-selective transport of shells by birds and its paleoecological implications. Palaeontology 32:429-437.
8. Cavanagh PM, 1992. Application of prey-dropping behaviour to a spiny dogfish squalus acanthias by a herring gull Larus argentatus. Mar Ornithol 20:91-92.
9. Conner J, 1993. The shell game. Living Bird 12:6-7.
10. Drennen DJ, 1995. Ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) feeding on mussels. Alab Bird Life 41:7-9.
11. Förstel A, 1993. Rabenkrähe Corvus corone öffnet Walnuss Juglans regia durch Fallenlassen. Ornithologisc. Anzeiger 32:165.
12. Gibson C, 1992. Jackdaws feeding on horse chestnuts. Br Birds 85: 138.
13. Goodwill D, 1986. Crows of the world. London: British Museum (Natural History).
14. Grobecker DB, Pietsch TW, 1978. Crows use automobiles as nutcrackers. Auk 95:760-761.
15. Harber DD, Johns M, 1947. Great black-backed gull dropping rat. Br Birds 40:317.
16. Hartley, PHT, 1967. Feeding habits. In: A new dictionary of birds (Thomson AL, ed). New York: McGraw-Hill; 287-288.
17. Heinrich B, 1989. Ravens in winter. New York: Summit.
18. Hunt GR, 1996. Manufacture and use of hook-tools by New Caledonian crows. Nature 379:249-251.
19. Huxley J, Nicholson EM, 1963. Lammergeier Gypaetus barbatus breaking bones. Ibis 105:106-107.
20. Ingolfsson A, Estrella BT, 1978. The development of shell-cracking behavior in herring gulls. Auk 95:577-579.
21. James PC, Verbeek NAM, 1984. Temporal and energetic aspects of food storage in northwestern crows. Ardea 72:207-215.
22. Kent BW, 1981. Prey dropped by herring gulls (Larus argentatus) on soft sediments. Auk 98:350-354.
23. Leger DW, Didrichsons IA, 1994. An assessment of data pooling and some alternatives. Anim Behav 48:823-832.
24. Lorek G, Oleksik I, 1992. Hooded Crows (Corvus corone cornix) break nuts by throwing them at the ground. Notaki Ornithol 33: 331-332.
25. Maple T, 1974. Do crows use automobiles as nutcrackers? West Birds 5:97-98.
26. Maron JL, 1982. Shell-dropping behavior of Western Gulls (Larus occidentalis). Auk 99:565-569.
27. Meinis HK, 1993. A change in the nut-cracking technique used by hooded crows in Kibbutz Netzer Sereni, Israel. Ornithol Soc Mid East Bull 30:29.
28. Nihei Y, 1995. Variations of behaviour of carrion crows Corvus corone using automobiles as nutcrackers. Jpn J Ornithol 44:21-35.
29. Oldham C, 1930. The shell-smashing habit of gulls. Ibis 6:239-243.
30. Priestley CF, 1947. Rook feeding on mussels. Br Birds 40:239.
31. Richardson H, Verbeek NAM, 1986. Diet selection and optimization by northwestern crows feeding on Japanese littleneck clams. Ecology 67:1219-1226.
32. Richardson H, Verbeek NAM, 1987. Diet selection by yearling northwestern crows (Corvus caurinus) feeding on littleneck clams (Venerupis japonica). Auk 104:263-269.
33. Saunders H, 1891. Notes on birds observed in Switzerland; chiefly in the cantons of Vaud and Neuchâtel. Ibis 6:157-188.
34. Siegel S, Castellan NJ, Jr, 1988. Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill.
35. Siegfried WR, 1977. Mussel-dropping behaviour of kelp gulls. S AfrJ Sci 73:337-341.
36. Switzer PV, Cristol DA, 1999. Avian prey-dropping behavior. I. The effects of prey characteristics and prey loss. Behav Ecol 10:213-219.
37. Teichert C, Serventy DL, 1947. Deposits of shells transported by birds. Am J Sci 245:322-329.
38. Tinbergen N, 1960. The herring gull's world. New York: Basic Books.
39. van Impe J, 1978. Mediterranean gull dropping bivalves. Br Birds 71: 128-129.
40. van Lawick-Goodall J, 1970. Tool-using in primates and other vertebrates. In: Advances in the study of behavior, vol. 3 (Lehrman, DS, Hinde, RA, Shaw E, eds). London: Academic Press; 195-249.
41. Vander Wall SB, 1990. Food hoarding in animals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
42. Ward D, 1991. The size selection of clams by African black oystercatchers and kelp gulls. Ecology 72:513-522.
43. Wheeler R, 1946. Pacific gulls and mussels. Emu 45:307.
44. Whiteley JD, Pritchard JS, Slater PJB, 1990. Strategies of mussel dropping by carrion crows Corvus c. corone. Bird Study 37:12-17.
45. Zach R, 1978. Selection and dropping of whelks by northwestern crows. Behaviour 67:134-138.
46. Zach R, 1979. Shell dropping: decision-making and optimal foraging in northwestern crows. Behaviour 68:106-117.