Diel activity pattern and food search behaviour in cod, Gadus morhua

Environmental Biology of Fishes

Volumn 54, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 345-353

  Løkkeborg, Svein ^a   Fernö, Anders ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF MARINE RESEARCH   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

Activity rhythm; Area restricted search; Chemically mediated response; Light level; Telemetry

Indexed keywords

ACTIVITY PATTERN; BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; FISH; SWIMMING BEHAVIOR;

GADUS MORHUA;

EID: 0033007144     PISSN: 03781909     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1007504712163     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Alanärä, A. & E. Brännäs. 1997. Diurnal and nocturnal feeding activity in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54: 2894-2900.
2. Anras, M.-L.B., J.P. Lagardere & J.-Y. Lafaye. 1997. Diel activity rhythm of seabass tracked in a natural environment: group effects on swimming patterns and amplitudes. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54: 162-168.
3. Anthony, P.D. 1981. Visual contrast thresholds in the cod Gadus morhua L. J. Fish Biol. 19: 87-103.
4. Arntz, W.E. 1973. Periodicity of diel food intake of cod Gadus morhua in the Kiel Bay. Oikos (Supplement) 15: 138-145.
5. Atema, J. 1980. Chemical senses, chemical signals and feeding behaviour in fishes. pp. 57-101. In: J.E. Bardach, J.J. Magnuson, R.C. May & J.M. Reinhart (ed.) Fish Behaviour and Its Use in the Capture and Culture of Fishes, ICLARM Conf. Proc., Manila.
6. Bardach, J.E., J.H. Todd & R. Crickmer. 1967. Orientation by taste in fish of the genus Ictalurus. Science 155: 1276-1278.
7. Bell, W.J. 1990 Searching behaviour, the behavioural ecology of finding resources. Chapman & Hall, London. 309 pp.
8. Bjordal, Å. & S. Løkkeborg. 1996. Longlining. Fishing News Books, Oxford. 156 pp.
9. Brawn, V.M. 1969. Feeding behaviour of cod (Gadus morhus). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 26: 583-596.
10. Clark, D.S. & J.M. Green. 1990. Activity and movement patterns of juvenile Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, in Conception Bay, Newfoundland, as determined by sonic telemetry. Can. J. Zool. 1434-1442.
11. Confer, J.L., G.L. Howick, M.H. Corzette, S.L. Framer, S. Fitsgibbon & R. Landesberg. 1978. Visual predation by planktivores. Oikos 31: 27-37.
12. Engâs, A., S. Løkkeborg, A.V. Soldal & E. Ona. 1996. Comparative fishing trials for cod and haddock using commercial trawl and longline at two different stock levels. J. Northw. Atl. Fish. Sci. 19: 83-90.
13. Fernö, A., P. Solemdal &. S. Tiseth. 1986. Field studies on the behaviour of whiting (Gadus merlangus L.) towards baited hooks. Fiskeridirektoratets Skrifter Serie Havundersøkelser 18: 83-95.
14. Fraser, N.H.C., J. Heggenes, N.B. Metcalfe & J.E. Thorpe. 1995. Low summer temperatures cause juvenile Atlantic salmon to become nocturnal. Can. J. Zool. 73: 446-451.
15. Fraser, N.H.C., N.B. Metcalfe & J.E, Thorpe. 1993. Temperature-dependent switch between diurnal and nocturnal foraging in salmon. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B. 252: 135-139.
16. Gentron, R.P. & J.E.R. Staddon. 1984. A laboratory simulation of foraging behavior; the effect of search rate on the probability of detecting prey. Amer. Nat. 124: 407-415.
17. Gerritsen, J. & J.R. Strickler. 1977. Encounter probabilities and community structure in zooplankton: a mathematical model. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34: 73-82.
18. Heggenes, J., O.M.W. Krog, O.R. Lindas, J.G. Dokk & T. Bremmes. 1993. Homeostatic behavioural responses in a changing environment: brown trout (Salmo trutta) become nocturnal during winter. J. Anim. Ecol. 62: 295-308.
19. Helfman, G.S. 1993. Fish behaviour by day, night and twilight. pp. 479-512. In: T.J. Pitcher (ed.) Behaviour of Teleost Fishes, Chapman & Hall, London.
20. Jobling, M. 1994. Fish bioenergetics. Chapman & Hall, London. 309 pp.
21. Kavaliers, M. 1980. Social groupings and circadian activity of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. Biol. Bull. 158: 69-76.
22. Kerr, S.R. 1982. Estimating the energy budgets of actively predatory fishes. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39: 371-379.
23. Kleerekoper, H. 1982. The role of olfaction in the orientation of fishes. pp. 201-225. In: T.J. Hara (ed.) Chemoreception in Fishes, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
24. Klemetsen, A. 1982. Food and feeding habits of cod from the Balsfjord, northern Norway during a one-year period. J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 40: 101-111.
25. Krebs, J.R., J.C. Ryan & E.L. Charnov. 1974. Hunting by expectation or optimal foraging? A study of patch use by chackadees. Anim. Behav. 22: 953-864.
26. Løkkeborg, S. 1998. Feeding behaviour of cod, Gadus morhua: activity rhythm and chemically mediated food search. Anim. Behav. 56 (in press).
27. Løkkeborg, S, Å. Bjordal& A. Fernö, 1989. Responses of cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) to baited hooks in the natural environment. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 46: 1478-1483.
28. Mattson, S. 1990. Food and feeding habits of fish species over a soft sublittoral bottom in the Northeast Atlantic. 1. Cod (Gadus morhua L.) (Gadidae). Sarsia 75: 247-260.
29. Palsson, O.K. 1994. A review of the trophic interactions of cod stocks in the North Atlantic. ICES mar. Sci. Symp. 198: 553-575.
30. Pawson, M.G. 1977. The responses of cod Gadus morhua (L.) to chemical attractants in moving water. J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 37: 316-318.
31. Ryer, C.H. & B.L. Olla. 1997. Altered search speed and growth: social versus independent foraging in two pelagic juvenile fishes. Mar. Ecol. Progress Ser. 153: 273-281.
32. Soofiani, N.M. & I.G. Priede. 1985. Aerobic metabolic scope and swimming performance in juvenile cod, Gadus morhua L. J. Fish Biol. 26: 127-138.
33. Thetmeyer, H. 1997. Diel rhythms of swimming activity and oxygen consumption in Gobiusculus flavescens (Fabricius) and Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas) (Teleostei: Gabiidae). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 218: 187-198.
34. Thomas, G. 1974. The influence of encountering a food object on the subsequent searching behaviour in Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Anim. Behav. 22: 941-952.
35. Thorpe, J.E. 1978. Rhythmic activity of fishes. Academic Press, London. 312 pp.
36. Timms, A.M. & H. Kleerekoper. 1972. The locomotor responses of male Ictalurus punctatus, the channel catfish, to a pheromone released by the ripe female of the species. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 101: 302-310.
37. Utne, A.C.W. 1997. The effect of turbidity and illumination on the reaction distance and search time of the marine planktivore Gobiusculus flavescens. J. Fish Biol. 50: 926-938.
38. Zimmer-Faust, R.K., C.M. Finelli, N.D. Pentcheff & D.W. Wethey. 1995. Odor plumes and animai navigation in turbulent water flow: a field study. Biol. Bull. 188: 111-116.
39. Zimmer-Faust, R.K., P.G. O'Neill & D.W. Schar. 1996. The relationship between predator activity state and sensitivity to prey odor. Biol. Bull. 190: 82-87.