Upper Oligocene diatomaceous deposits in the northern North Sea - silica diagenesis and paleogeographic implications

Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift

Volumn 79, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 3-18

  Thyberg, Brit I ^a   Stabell, Bjørg ^a   Faleide, Jan Inge ^a   Bjørlykke, Knut ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIAGENESIS; DIATOMITE; OLIGOCENE; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; SILICA;

NORTH SEA;

EID: 0033002212     PISSN: 0029196X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/002919699433870     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Benda, L. 1972: The diatoms of the Moler Formation of Denmark (Lower Eocene). A preliminary report. In Simonsen, R. (ed.): First symposium on Recent and fossil marine diatoms. Beiheft zur Nova Hedwigia 39, 251-266.
2. Blystad, P., Færseth, R. B., Larsen. B. T., Skogseid, J. & Tørudbakken, B. 1995: Structural elements of the Norwegian continental margin between 62° and 69°N. Norwegian Petroleum Directorate Bulletin 8, 45 pp.
3. Broecker, W. H. & Peng, T.-H. 1982 Tracers in the Sea. 690 pp. Lamont-Doherty Geol. Obs., Palisades, NY, USA, 690 pp.
4. Calvert, S. E. 1974: Deposition and diagenesis of silica in marine sediments. Special Publications of the International Association of Sedimentologists 1, 273-299.
5. Compton, J. H. 1990: Porosity reduction and burial history of siliceous rocks from the Monterey and Sisquoc Formations, Point Pedernales area, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 103, 625-636.
6. Fenner, J. 1985: Late Cretaceous to Oligocene planktic diatoms. In Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B. & Perch-Nielsen, K. (eds.). Plankton Stratigraphy, 713-762. Cambridge University Press, UK.
7. Fenner, J. 1994: Diatoms of the Fur formation, their taxonomy and biostratigraphic interpretation. Results from the Harre borehole, Denmark. Aarhus Geoscience 1, 99-163.
8. Gradstein, F. & Bäckström, S. A. 1996: Cainozoic biostratigraphy and paleo-bathymetry, northern North Sea and Haltenbanken. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 76, 3-32.
9. Gran, K. 1989: A correlation of mineralogy, compaction, and seismic velocities in shales of Tertiary and Cretaceous age in the Viking Graben and the Horda Platform area. Unpublished thesis, University of Oslo, 146 pp.
10. Heath, 1974: Dissolved silica in deep sea sediments. In Hay, W. W. (ed.): Studies in Paleo-oceanography. Special Publication Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogist 20, 77-93.
11. Heilmann-Clausen, C. 1982: The Paleocene-Eocene boundary in Denmark. Newsletter in Stratigraphy 11, 2, 55-63.
12. Heilmann-Clausen, C. 1994: Sydklinten ved Silstrup-hvordan en diatomit fik en aflægger efter 29 mill. år. Varv, 4, 117-123.
13. Hein, J. R. & Scholl, D. W. 1978: Diagenesis and distribution of late Cenozoic volcanic sediment in the southern Bering Sea. Geological Society of America Bulletin 89, 197-210.
14. Hein, J. R., Scoll, D. W., Barron, J. A., Jones, M. G. & Miller, J. 1978: Diagenesis of late Cenozoic diatomaceous deposits and formation of the bottom simulating reflector in the southern Bering Sea. Sedimentology 25, 155-181.
15. Hohmann, M. 1991: Die Diatomeen der Fur-Formation (alt-tertiär) aus dem Limfjord-Gebiet, Nordjütland/Dänemark. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe A, 123.
16. Holmsen, C. 1994: Undersøkelse av kenozoiske og mesozoiske sedimenter i Viking Graben i relasjon til den Tertiære landhevningen. Unpublished thesis, University of Oslo, 152 pp.
17. Hughes, M. J. 1981: Contribution on Oligocene and Eocene microfossils from the southern North Sea. In Neale, J. W. & Brasier; M. D. (eds.): Microfosssils from Fossil and Recent Shelf Seas, 186-294. Ellis Horwood, Chichester.
18. Hurd, D. C. 1973: Interactions of biogenic opal, sediment and seawater in the central equatorial Pacific. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 37, 2257-2282.
19. Hurd, D. C. 1983: Physical and chemical properties of siliceous skeletons (Ch. 6). In Aston, S. (ed.): Silicon Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, 187-243. Academic Press, New York.
20. Hurd, D. C. & Birdwhistell, S. 1983: On producing a more general model for biogenic silica dissolution. American Journal of Science 283, 1-28.
21. Iler, R. K. 1979 Chemistry of Silica. 866 pp. Wiley-Interscience, New York.
22. Isaacs, C. M. 1982a: Porosity reduction during diagenesis of the Monterey Formation, Santa Barbara coastal area, California. In The Monterey Formation and related siliceous rocks of California. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 257-271.
23. Isaacs, C. M. 1982b: Influence of rock composition on kinetics of silica phase changes in the Monterey Formation, Santa Barbara area, California. Geology 10, 304-308.
24. Isaksen, D. & Tonstad, K. 1989: A revised Cretaceous and Tertiary lithostratigraphic nomenclature for the Norwegian North Sea. Norwegian Petroleum Directorate Bulletin 5, 59 pp.
25. Jacqué, M. & Thouvenin, J. 1975: Lower Tertiary tuffs and volcanic activity in the North Sea. In Woodland, A. W. (ed.): Petroleum and the Continental Shelf of Northwest Europe, Vol. I: Geology, 455-465. Elsevier, Barking.
26. Jones, J. B. & Segnit, E. R. 1971: The nature of opal I. Nomenclature and constituent phases. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 18, 57-68.
27. Jordt, H. 1996: The Cenozoic Development of the Central and Northern North Sea. Dr. Scient. thesis, University of Oslo.
28. Jordt, H., Faleide, J. I., Bjørlykke, K. & Ibrahim, M. T. 1995: Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy in the Central and Northern North Sea: tectonic development, sediment distribution and provenance areas. Marine and Petroleum Geology 12, 845-879.
29. Jordt, H., Faleide. J. I., Thyberg, B. I. & Bjørlykke, K. 1998: Tertiary evolution of the central and northern North Sea with focus on differential vertical movements of the basin floor and surrounding clastic source areas. Geological Society London Special Publication (submitted).
30. Kastner, M., Keene, J. B. & Gieskes, J. M. 1977: Diagenesis of siliceous oozes. - I. Chemical controls on the rate of opal-A to opal-CT transformation - an experimental study. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 41, 1041-1059.
31. King, C. 1983 Cainozoic Micropaleontological Biostratigraphy of the North Sea. Institute of Geological Sciences Report 82/7, HMSO London, 40 pp.
32. Knox, R. W. O'B & Holloway, S. 1992: 1. Paleogene of the Central and Northern North Sea. In Knox, R. W. O'B. & Cordey, W. G. (eds.): Lithostratigraphic Nomenclature of the UK North Sea. British Geological Survey, Nottingham.
33. Kruge, M. A. & Williams, L. A. 1982: Silica diagenesis in Monterey Formation (Miocene) in the Lost Holls oil field, San Joaquin Valley, California. In Williams, L. A. & Graham, S. A. (eds.): Monterey Formation and associated coarse clastic rocks, Central San Joaquin Basin, California. Pacific Section of the Society for Econonomic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Guidebook, 37-42.
34. Lisitzin, A. P. 1972: Sedimentation in the world ocean, with emphasis on the nature, distribution and behavior of marine suspensions. Special Publication of the Society for Econonomic Paleontologists and Mineralogists 17, 218 pp.
35. Malm, O. A., Christensen, O. B., Furnes, H., Løvlie, R., Rueslåtten, H. & Østby, K. L. 1984: The Lower Tertiary Balder Formation: an organogenic and tuffaceous deposit in the North Sea region. In Spencer, A. M. et al. (eds.): Petroleum Geology of the North European Margin, 149-170. Graham and Trotman, London.
36. Mitlehner, A. G. 1994: The occurrence and preservation of diatoms in the Paleogene of the North Sea Basin. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of London, 292 pp.
37. Mitlehner, A. G. 1996: Paleoenvironments in the North Sea Basin around the Paleocene-Eocene boundary: evidence from diatoms and other siliceous microfossils. In Knox, R. W. O'B., Corfield, R. M. & Dunay, R. E. (eds.): Correlation of the Early Paleogene in Northwest Europe. Geological Society Special Publication 101, 255-273.
38. Mitsui, K. & Taguchi, K. 1977: Silica mineral diagenesis in Neogene Tertiary shales in the Tempoku district, Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 47, 158-167.
39. Mizutani, S. 1970: Silica minerals in the early stage of diagenesis. Sedimentology 15, 419-136.
40. Murata, K. J. & Larson, R. R. 1975: Diagenesis of Miocene siliceous shales, Temblor Range, California. Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey 3, 553-566.
41. Oehler, J. H. 1975: Origin and distribution of silica lepispheres in porcelanite from the Monterey Formation of California. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 45, 252-257.
42. Pokras, N. & Molfino, B. 1986: Oceanographic control of diatom abundance and species distribution in surface sediments of the tropical and southeast Atlantic. Marine Micropaleontology 10, 165-188.
43. Riech, V. & von Rad, U. 1979: Silica diagenesis in the Atlantic Ocean: diagenetic potential and transformations. In Talwani, M., Hay, W. & Ryan, W. B. F. (eds.): Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean, Continental Margins and the Paleoenvironments, 315-340. American Geophysical Union, Maurice Ewing Ser. 3, Washington DC.
44. Riis, F. & Fjeldskaar, W. 1992: On the magnitude of the Late Tertiary and Quaternary erosion and its significance for the uplift of Scandinavia and the Barents Sea. In Larsen, R. M., Brekke, H., Larsen, B. T. & Talleraas, E. (eds.). Structural and Tectonic Modelling and its Application to Petroleum Geology, 163-185. Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publication 1. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
45. Roaldset, E. & Wei, H. 1998a: Silica-phase transformation of opal-A to opal-CT to quartz. Part I: An experimental diagenetic approach to natural observation. (Manuscript to be submitted to AAPG.).
46. Roaldset, E. & Wei, H. 1998b: Silica-phase transformation of opal-A to opal-CT to quartz. Part II: Changes of physical properties. (Manuscript to be submitted to AAPG.).
47. Rossavik, K. 1993: Møresokkelen: kenozoisk stratigrafi og geologisk utvikling. Cand. Scient. thesis. Department of Geology, University of Oslo.
48. Rundberg, Y. 1989: Tertiary sedimentary history and basin evolution between 60-62°N. An integrated approach. Unpublished Dr. Ing. thesis, University of Trondheim, Norway, 291 pp.
49. Rundberg, Y., Olaussen, S. & Gradstein, F. 1995: Incision of Oligocene strata; evidence for northern North Sea Miocene uplift and key to the formation of the Utsira sands. Geonytt 22, 62.
50. Schink, D. R., Fanning, K. A. & Pilson, M. E. Q. 1974: Dissolved silica in upper pore waters of the Atlantic Ocean floor. Journal of Geophysical Research 79, 2243-2250.
51. Schrader, H.-J. & Fenner, J. 1976: Norwegian Sea Cenozoic diatom biostratigraphy and taxonomy. Parts 1 & 2. Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project 38, 921-1099. Washington.
52. Singh, B. 1994: Study of diagenesis and provenance of the sedimentary sequences in the Northern North Sea. Unpublished thesis, University of Oslo, 178 pp.
53. Stabell, B. 1985: Diatoms in Upper Quaternary Skagerrak sediments. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 65(1-2), 91-96.
54. Stabell, B. 1996: Paralia thybergii sp. nov. - another fossil Paralia. Diatom Research II(1), 155-163.
55. Stabell, B. & Lange, C. B. 1990: Diatom assemblages in upper Quaternary sediments from the southeastern Norwegian Sea, Core P76-17. Beiheft zur Nova Hedwigia 100, 289-300.
56. Steurbaut, E., Spiegler, D., Weinelt, M. & Thiede, J. 1991: Cenozoic Erosion and Sedimentation on the Northwest European Continental Margin. Geomar Research Center for Marine Geosciences. Christian-Albrechts Universität, Kiel.
57. Thyberg, B. I., Jordt, H., Bjørlykke, K. & Faleide, J. I. 1998a: Relationships between sequence stratigraphy and mineralogy in the Cenozoic sediments of the North Sea. Geological Society London Special Publication (submitted).
58. Thyberg, B. I., Jordt, H., Bjørlykke, K. & Faleide, J. I. 1998b: Eocene and Oligocene smectitic mudstones, northern North Sea. Clay Minerals, submitted.
59. Tyridal, D. S. 1994: Litologisk og mineralogisk sammensetning av slamsteiner i relasjon til loggrespons. Unpublished thesis. University of Oslo, Norway.
60. Weinelt, M. & Thiede, J. 1992: Cenozoic erosion and sedimentation on the Northwest European continental margin and adjacent areas. Progress Report of the German Research Groups No, 1/1992. German-Norwegian Cooperation on Basin Analysis and Reservoir Studies, 20 pp.
61. Williams, L. A. & Crerar, D. A. 1985: Silica diagenesis, II. General mechanisms. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 55, 312-321.
62. Williams, L. A., Parks, G. A. & Crerar, D. A. 1985: Silica diagenesis, I. Solubility controls. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 55, 301-311.