What children with autism understand about thoughts and thought bubbles

Autism

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 17-38

  Parsons, Sarah ^a   Mitchell, Peter ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Autism; False belief; Representations; Theory of mind; Thought bubbles

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; AUTISM; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEARNING DISORDER; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TASK PERFORMANCE; THINKING;

EID: 0033001909     PISSN: 13623613     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1362361399003001003     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. BARON-COHEN, S. (1989) 'Are Autistic Children "Behaviourists"? An Examination of Their Mental-Physical and Appearance-Reality Distinctions', Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 19: 579-600.
2. BARON-COHEN, S., LESLIE, A. M. & FRITH, U. (1985) 'Does the Autistic Child Have a "Theory of Mind"?', Cognition 21: 37-46.
3. CHARMAN, T. & BARON-COHEN, S. (1992) 'Understanding Drawings and Beliefs: A Further Test of the Metarepresentation Theory of Autism', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 33: 1105-12.
4. DAVIDOFF, J. & MITCHELL, P. (1993) 'The Colour Cognition of Children', Cognition 48: 121-37.
5. DUNN, L., DUNN, L., WHETTON, C. & PINTILIE, C. (1982) British Picture Vocabulary Scale. Windsor: NFER-Nelson.
6. EISENMAJER, R. & PRIOR, M. (1991) 'Cognitive Linguistic Correlates of "Theory of Mind" Ability in Autistic Children', British Journal of Developmental Psychology 9: 351-64.
7. FLAVELL, J. H., GREEN, F. L. & FLAVELL, E. R. (1995) Young Children's Knowledge About Thinking. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 60.
8. FRITH, U. (1989) Autism: Explaining the Enigma. Oxford: Blackwell.
9. FRITH, U., MORTON, J. & LESLIE, A. M. (1991) 'The Cognitive Basis of a Biological Disorder: Autism', Trends in Neuroscience 14: 433-8.
10. HADWIN, J., BARON-COHEN, S., HOWLIN, P. & HILL, K. (1996) 'Can We Teach Children with Autism to Understand Emotions, Belief, or Pretence?', Development and Psychopathology 8: 345-65.
11. HAPPÉ, F. G. E. (1994) 'An Advanced Test of Theory of Mind: Understanding of Story Characters' Thoughts and Feelings by Able Autistic, Mentally Handicapped, and Normal Children and Adults', Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 24: 129-54.
12. HAPPÉ, F. G. E. (1995) 'The Role of Age and Verbal Ability in the Theory of Mind Task Performance of Subjects with Autism', Child Development 66: 843-55.
13. HOLROYD, S. & BARON-COHEN, S. (1993) 'Brief Report: How Far Can People with Autism Go in Developing a Theory of Mind?', Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 23: 379-85.
14. LEEKAM, S. R. & PERNER, J. (1991) 'Does the Autistic Child Have a Metarepresentational Deficit?', Cognition 40: 203-18.
15. LESLIE, A. M. & THAISS, L. (1992) 'Domain Specificity in Conceptual Development: Neuropsychological Evidence from Autism', Cognition 43: 225-51.
16. MCGREGOR, E., WHITEN, A. & BLACKBURN, P. (1998) 'Teaching Theory of Mind by Highlighting Intention and Illustrating Thoughts: A Comparison of Their Effectiveness with Three-Year-Olds and Autistic Subjects', British Journal of Developmental Psychology 16: 281-300.
17. MITCHELL, P. & ISAACS, J. E. (1994) 'Understanding of Verbal Representation in Children with Autism: The Case of Referential Opacity', British Journal of Developmental Psychology 12: 439-54.
18. MITCHELL, P. & LACOHEE, H. (1991) 'Children's Early Understanding of False Belief', Cognition 39: 107-27.
19. MITCHELL, P. & ROBINSON, E. J. (1994) 'Discrepant Utterances Resulting from a False Belief: Children's Evaluations', Child Development 65: 1214-27.
20. MITCHELL, P., DAVIDOFF, J. & BROWN, C. (1996) 'Young Children's Ability to Process Object Colour: Coloured Pictogens and Verbal Mediation', British Journal of Developmental Psychology 14: 339-54.
21. MITCHELL, P., SALTMARSH, R. & RUSSELL, H. (1997) 'Overly Literal Interpretations of Speech in Autism: Understanding That Messages Arise from Minds', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 38: 685-91.
22. PERNER, J. (1991) Understanding the Representational Mind. London: MIT Press.
23. ROBINSON, E. J. & MITCHELL, P. (1992) 'Children's Interpretation of Messages from a Speaker with a False Belief', Child Development 63: 639-52.
24. ROBINSON, E. J. & MITCHELL, P. (1994) 'Young Children's False Belief Reasoning: Interpretation of Messages Is No Easier than the Classic Task', Developmental Psychology 30: 67-72.
25. SALTMARSH, R., MITCHELL, P., & ROBINSON, E. J. (1995) 'Realism and Children's Early Grasp of Mental Representation: Belief-Based Judgements in the State Change Task', Cognition 57: 297-325.
26. SPARREVOHN, R. & HOWIE, P. M. (1995) 'Theory of Mind in Children with Autistic Disorder: Evidence of Developmental Progression and the Role of Verbal Ability', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 36: 249-63.
27. SWETTENHAM, J. G., BARON-COHEN, S., GOMEZ, J. -C. & WALSH, S. (1996) 'What's Inside Someone's Head? Conceiving of the Mind as a Camera Helps Children with Autism Acquire an Alternative to a Theory of Mind', Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 1: 73-88.
28. WELLMAN, H. M. (1990) The Child's Theory of Mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
29. WELLMAN, H. M., HOLLANDER, M. & SCHULT, C. A. (1996) 'Young Children's Understanding of Thought Bubbles and of Thoughts', Child Development 67: 768-88.
30. WIMMER, H. & PERNER, J. (1983) 'Beliefs about Beliefs: Representation and Constraining Function of Wrong Beliefs in Young Children's Understanding of Deception', Cognition 13: 103-28.
31. YIRMIYA, N., SOLOMONICA-LÉVI, D., SHULMAN, C. & PILOWSKY, T. (1996) 'Theory of Mind Abilities in Individuals with Autism, Down Syndrome, and Mental Retardation of Unknown Etiology: The Role of Age and Intelligence', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 37: 1003-14.
32. ZAITCHIK, D. (1990). 'When Representations Conflict with Reality: The Preschoolers' Problem with False Belief and "False" Photographs', Cognition 35: 41-68.