Changes in element contents of selected lichens over 11 years in northern Minnesota, USA

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 75-82

  Bennett, James P ^a   Wetmore, Clifford M ^b  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

Air pollution; Heavy metals; Lichen; Wilderness area

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM; BIOACCUMULATION; BIOSENSOR; BORON; CADMIUM; CALCIUM; CHROMIUM; COPPER; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; IRON; LEAD; MAGNESIUM; MANGANESE; MICROBE METABOLISM; NICKEL; POTASSIUM; SODIUM; SULFUR; UNITED STATES; ZINC;

BIOMONITORING; HEAVY METAL; LICHEN; NUTRIENT UPTAKE; SPATIAL VARIATION; TEMPORAL VARIATION;

EID: 0033000045     PISSN: 00988472     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0098-8472(98)00055-0     Document Type: Article

References (10)

1. Bennett J.P. Abnormal chemical element concentrations in lichens of Isle Royale National Park. Environ. Exp. Bot. 35:1995;259-277.
2. Bennett, J.P., 1990. Statistical baseline values for chemical elements in the lichen Hypogymnia physodes. In: Agrawal, S.B., Agrawal, M., Krizek, D.T. (Eds.), Environmental Pollution and Plant Responses. CRC Press/Lewis Publishers (in press).
3. Bennett J.P., Wetmore C.M. Chemical element concentrations in four lichens on a transect entering Voyageurs National Park. Environ. Exp. Bot. 37:1997;173-185.
4. Fergusson J.E. The Heavy Elements: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects. 1990;Pergamon Press, Oxford. p. 614.
5. Misra M.K., Ragland K.W., Baker A.J. Wood ash composition as a function of furnace temperature. Biomass Bioenergy. 4:1993;103-116.
6. Wetmore, C.M., 1984. Lichens and Air Quality on Voyageurs National Park. Final Report, Chemical Analysis Supplement. National Park Service, Denver, CO, USA, p. 6.
7. Wetmore, C.M., 1985. Lichens and Air Quality in Isle Royale National Park. Final Report. National Park Service, Denver, CO, USA, p. 41.
8. Wetmore, C.M., 1987. Lichens and Air Quality in Boundary Waters Canoe Area of the Superior National Forest. Final Report. US Forest Service, Duluth, MN, USA, p. 28.
9. Wetmore, C.M., 1993. 1992 Elemental Analysis of Boundary Waters Canoe Area lichens of the Superior National Forest. Final Report. U.S. Forest Service, Duluth, MN, USA, p. 16.
10. Wetmore, C.M., Bennett, J.P., 1998. 1997 elemental analysis of Boundary Waters Canoe Area lichens of the Superior National Forest, Final Report. Plant Biology Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA, p. 76.