메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 140, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 1-40

The orientation system of birds - I. Compass mechanisms;Das Orientierungssystem der Vogel I. Kompassmechanismen

Author keywords

Compass mechanism; Cue conflict; Magnetic field; Polarized light; Reference system; Star compass; Sun compass

Indexed keywords

BIRD; MIGRATION; ORIENTATION;

EID: 0032996861     PISSN: 00218375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/bf02462086     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (164)
  • 1
    • 0001683338 scopus 로고
    • Skylight polarization patterns at dusk influence migratory orientation in birds
    • Able, K.P. (1982): Skylight polarization patterns at dusk influence migratory orientation in birds. Nature 299: 550-551.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.299 , pp. 550-551
    • Able, K.P.1
  • 2
    • 0001449131 scopus 로고
    • Skylight polarization patterns and the orientation of migratory birds
    • Able, K.P. (1989): Skylight polarization patterns and the orientation of migratory birds. J. Exp. Biol. 141: 241-256.
    • (1989) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.141 , pp. 241-256
    • Able, K.P.1
  • 3
    • 0027849812 scopus 로고
    • Orientation cues used by migratory birds: A review of cue-conflict experiments
    • Able, K.P. (1993): Orientation cues used by migratory birds: a review of cue-conflict experiments. Trends Ecol. Evol. 8: 367-371.
    • (1993) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.8 , pp. 367-371
    • Able, K.P.1
  • 4
    • 0027338364 scopus 로고
    • Daytime calibration of magnetic orientation in a migratory bird requires a view of skylight polarization
    • Able, K.P. & Able, M.A. (1993): Daytime calibration of magnetic orientation in a migratory bird requires a view of skylight polarization. Nature 364: 523-525.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.364 , pp. 523-525
    • Able, K.P.1    Able, M.A.2
  • 5
    • 0029141825 scopus 로고
    • Interaction in the flexible orientation system of a migratory bird
    • Able, K.P. & Able, M.A. (1995): Interaction in the flexible orientation system of a migratory bird. Nature 375: 230-232.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.375 , pp. 230-232
    • Able, K.P.1    Able, M.A.2
  • 6
    • 0000365041 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of dusk orientation in white-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis): Clock-shift experiments
    • Able, K.P. & Cherry, J.D. (1986): Mechanisms of dusk orientation in White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis): clock-shift experiments. J. Comp. Physiol. 159: 107-113.
    • (1986) J. Comp. Physiol. , vol.159 , pp. 107-113
    • Able, K.P.1    Cherry, J.D.2
  • 7
    • 0345241905 scopus 로고
    • Sun compass orientation in a nocturnal migrant, the white-throated Sparrow
    • Able, K.P. & Dillon, P.M. (1977): Sun compass orientation in a nocturnal migrant, the White-throated Sparrow. Condor 79: 393-395.
    • (1977) Condor , vol.79 , pp. 393-395
    • Able, K.P.1    Dillon, P.M.2
  • 8
    • 0027331536 scopus 로고
    • Effect of geomagnetic field on orientation of the Marsh Warbler, Acrocephalus palustris, in Sweden and Kenya
    • Akesson, S. (1993): Effect of geomagnetic field on orientation of the Marsh Warbler, Acrocephalus palustris, in Sweden and Kenya. Anim. Behav. 46: 1157-1167.
    • (1993) Anim. Behav. , vol.46 , pp. 1157-1167
    • Akesson, S.1
  • 9
    • 0028165302 scopus 로고
    • Comparative orientation experiments with different species of passerine long-distance migrants: Effect of magnetic field manipulations
    • Akesson, S. (1994): Comparative orientation experiments with different species of passerine long-distance migrants: effect of magnetic field manipulations. Anim. Behav. 48: 1379-1393.
    • (1994) Anim. Behav. , vol.48 , pp. 1379-1393
    • Akesson, S.1
  • 10
    • 70449271896 scopus 로고
    • Exogenous and endogenous components in circadian rhythms
    • Aschoff, J. (1960): Exogenous and endogenous components in circadian rhythms. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 25: 11-28.
    • (1960) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. , vol.25 , pp. 11-28
    • Aschoff, J.1
  • 11
    • 0030617063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of fat stores on magnetic orientation in day-migrating Chaffinches, Fringilla coelebs
    • Bäckman, J., Pettersson, J. & Sandberg, R. (1997): The influence of fat stores on magnetic orientation in day-migrating Chaffinches, Fringilla coelebs. Ethology 103: 247-256.
    • (1997) Ethology , vol.103 , pp. 247-256
    • Bäckman, J.1    Pettersson, J.2    Sandberg, R.3
  • 12
    • 0006179311 scopus 로고
    • Caching and recovery in Scrub Jays: Transfer of sun compass direction from shaded to sunny areas
    • Balda, R.P. & Wiltschko, W. (1991): Caching and recovery in Scrub Jays: transfer of sun compass direction from shaded to sunny areas. Condor 93: 1020-1023.
    • (1991) Condor , vol.93 , pp. 1020-1023
    • Balda, R.P.1    Wiltschko, W.2
  • 13
    • 0023528191 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of visual and non-visual cues during migratory orientation by the Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)
    • Beason, R.C. (1987): Interaction of visual and non-visual cues during migratory orientation by the Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). J. Ornithol. 128: 317-324.
    • (1987) J. Ornithol. , vol.128 , pp. 317-324
    • Beason, R.C.1
  • 14
    • 84990789984 scopus 로고
    • Use of an inclination compass during migratory orientation by the Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)
    • Beason, R.C. (1989): Use of an inclination compass during migratory orientation by the Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). Ethology 81: 291-299.
    • (1989) Ethology , vol.81 , pp. 291-299
    • Beason, R.C.1
  • 15
    • 84990803679 scopus 로고
    • You can get there from here: Responses to simulated magnetic equator crossing by the Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)
    • Beason, R.C. (1992): You can get there from here: Responses to simulated magnetic equator crossing by the Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). Ethology 91: 75-80.
    • (1992) Ethology , vol.91 , pp. 75-80
    • Beason, R.C.1
  • 16
    • 0022547019 scopus 로고
    • Natural and induced magnetization in the Bobolink. Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Aves: Icteridae)
    • Beason, R.C. & Brennan, W.J. (1986): Natural and induced magnetization in the Bobolink. Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Aves: Icteridae). J. Exp. Biol. 125: 49-56.
    • (1986) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.125 , pp. 49-56
    • Beason, R.C.1    Brennan, W.J.2
  • 17
    • 0021323982 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic orientation and magnetic material in a transequatorial migratory bird
    • Beason, R.C. & Nichols, J.E. (1984): Magnetic orientation and magnetic material in a transequatorial migratory bird. Nature 309: 151-153.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.309 , pp. 151-153
    • Beason, R.C.1    Nichols, J.E.2
  • 18
    • 0000380114 scopus 로고
    • Trauerschnäpper (Ficedula hypoleuca Pallas) orientieren sich nicht-visuell mit hilfe des magnetfelds
    • Beck, W. & Wiltschko, W. (1981): Trauerschnäpper (Ficedula hypoleuca Pallas) orientieren sich nicht-visuell mit Hilfe des Magnetfelds. Vogelwarte 31: 168-174.
    • (1981) Vogelwarte , vol.31 , pp. 168-174
    • Beck, W.1    Wiltschko, W.2
  • 20
    • 0013331007 scopus 로고
    • Possible steps in the evolutionary development of bird navigation
    • Galler, S.R., Schmidt-Koenig, K., Jacobs, G.J. & Belleville, R.E. (Eds.). NASA Washington, D.C.
    • Bellrose, F.C. (1972): Possible steps in the evolutionary development of bird navigation. In: Galler, S.R., Schmidt-Koenig, K., Jacobs, G.J. & Belleville, R.E. (Eds.): Animal Orientation and Navigation. NASA SP-262: 223-258. Washington, D.C.
    • (1972) Animal Orientation and Navigation , vol.SP-262 , pp. 223-258
    • Bellrose, F.C.1
  • 21
    • 0344379122 scopus 로고
    • A radar study of the flight directions of nocturnal migrants
    • Ithaca, N.Y.
    • Bellrose, F.C. & Graber, R.R. (1963): A radar study of the flight directions of nocturnal migrants. Proc. XIII. Intern. Ornithol. Congr.: 362-389. Ithaca, N.Y.
    • (1963) Proc. XIII. Intern. Ornithol. Congr. , pp. 362-389
    • Bellrose, F.C.1    Graber, R.R.2
  • 22
    • 0000734577 scopus 로고
    • Savannah Sparrows have a magnetic compass
    • Bingman, V.P. (1981): Savannah Sparrows have a magnetic compass. Anim. Behav. 29: 962-963.
    • (1981) Anim. Behav. , vol.29 , pp. 962-963
    • Bingman, V.P.1
  • 23
    • 0002954273 scopus 로고
    • Night sky orientation of migratory Pied Flycatchers raised in different magnetic fields
    • Bingman, V.P. (1984): Night sky orientation of migratory Pied Flycatchers raised in different magnetic fields. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 15: 77-80.
    • (1984) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.15 , pp. 77-80
    • Bingman, V.P.1
  • 24
    • 0000929935 scopus 로고
    • Earth's magnetism and the nocturnal orientation of migratory European Robins
    • Bingman, V.P. (1987): Earth's magnetism and the nocturnal orientation of migratory European Robins. Auk 104: 523-525.
    • (1987) Auk , vol.104 , pp. 523-525
    • Bingman, V.P.1
  • 25
    • 85005709249 scopus 로고
    • Orientation of Dunnocks (Prunella modularis) at sunset
    • Bingman, V.P. & Wiltschko, W. (1988): Orientation of Dunnocks (Prunella modularis) at sunset. Ethology 77: 1-9.
    • (1988) Ethology , vol.77 , pp. 1-9
    • Bingman, V.P.1    Wiltschko, W.2
  • 26
    • 0001921022 scopus 로고
    • Skylight polarization patterns and animal orientation
    • Brines, M. & Gould, J. (1982): Skylight polarization patterns and animal orientation. J. Exp. Biol. 96: 69-91.
    • (1982) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.96 , pp. 69-91
    • Brines, M.1    Gould, J.2
  • 27
    • 0345673677 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a sun compass in city pigeons (Columba livia)
    • N.S.
    • Chelazzi, G. & Pineschi, F. (1974): Evidence for a sun compass in city pigeons (Columba livia). Monit. Zool. Ital. (N.S.) 8: 215-220.
    • (1974) Monit. Zool. Ital. , vol.8 , pp. 215-220
    • Chelazzi, G.1    Pineschi, F.2
  • 28
    • 0344379120 scopus 로고
    • Radar studies of orientation of songbird migrants in Southeastern New England
    • Drury, W.H. Jr. & Nisbet, J.C.T. (1964): Radar studies of orientation of songbird migrants in Southeastern New England. Bird-Banding 35: 69-119.
    • (1964) Bird-banding , vol.35 , pp. 69-119
    • Drury W.H., Jr.1    Nisbet, J.C.T.2
  • 29
    • 0001351985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sun compass and landmark orientation by black-capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus)
    • Duff, S.J., Brownlie, L.A., Sherry, D.F. & Sangster, M. (1998): Sun compass and landmark orientation by Black-capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus). J. Exp. Psychol. 24: 243-253.
    • (1998) J. Exp. Psychol. , vol.24 , pp. 243-253
    • Duff, S.J.1    Brownlie, L.A.2    Sherry, D.F.3    Sangster, M.4
  • 30
    • 0017524081 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of homing behavior in feral and homing pigeons
    • Edrich, W. & Keeton, W.T. (1977): A comparison of homing behavior in feral and homing pigeons. Z. Tierpsychol. 44: 389-401.
    • (1977) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.44 , pp. 389-401
    • Edrich, W.1    Keeton, W.T.2
  • 31
    • 0344810831 scopus 로고
    • Further investigations of the effect of 'flight during clock shift' on pigeon orientation
    • Schmidt-Koenig, K. & Keeton, W.T. (Eds.): Berlin
    • Edrich, W. & Keeton, W.T. (1978): Further investigations of the effect of 'flight during clock shift' on pigeon orientation. In: Schmidt-Koenig, K. & Keeton, W.T. (Eds.): Animal Migration, Navigation, and Homing: 184-193. Berlin.
    • (1978) Animal Migration, Navigation, and Homing , pp. 184-193
    • Edrich, W.1    Keeton, W.T.2
  • 32
    • 0000791839 scopus 로고
    • Migratory orientation in the Indigo Bunting, Passerina cyanea. Part I: The evidence for use of celestial cues
    • Emlen, S.T. (1967a): Migratory orientation in the Indigo Bunting, Passerina cyanea. Part I: The evidence for use of celestial cues. Auk 84: 309-352.
    • (1967) Auk , vol.84 , pp. 309-352
    • Emlen, S.T.1
  • 33
    • 0000791838 scopus 로고
    • Migratory orientation in the Indigo Bunting, Passerina cyanea. Part II: Mechanisms of celestial orientation
    • Emlen, S.T. (1967b): Migratory orientation in the Indigo Bunting, Passerina cyanea. Part II: Mechanisms of celestial orientation. Auk 84: 463-489.
    • (1967) Auk , vol.84 , pp. 463-489
    • Emlen, S.T.1
  • 34
    • 0001126389 scopus 로고
    • Bird migration: Influence of physiological state upon celestial orientation
    • Emlen, S.T. (1969a): Bird migration: influence of physiological state upon celestial orientation. Science 165:716-718.
    • (1969) Science , vol.165 , pp. 716-718
    • Emlen, S.T.1
  • 35
    • 0003852491 scopus 로고
    • The development of migration orientation in young Indigo Buntings
    • Emlen, S.T. (1969b): The development of migration orientation in young Indigo Buntings. Living Bird 1969: 113-126.
    • (1969) Living Bird , vol.1969 , pp. 113-126
    • Emlen, S.T.1
  • 36
    • 0000963775 scopus 로고
    • Celestial rotation: Its importance in the development of migratory orientation
    • Emlen, S.T. (1970): Celestial rotation: Its importance in the development of migratory orientation. Science 170: 1198-1201.
    • (1970) Science , vol.170 , pp. 1198-1201
    • Emlen, S.T.1
  • 37
    • 0000982473 scopus 로고
    • The ontogenetic development of orientation capabilities
    • Galler, S.R., Schmidt-Koenig, K., Jacobs, G.J. & Belleville, R.E. (Eds.): NASA Washington, D.C.
    • Emlen, S.T. (1972): The ontogenetic development of orientation capabilities. In: Galler, S.R., Schmidt-Koenig, K., Jacobs, G.J. & Belleville, R.E. (Eds.): Animal Orientation and Navigation. NASA SP-262: 191-210. Washington, D.C.
    • (1972) Animal Orientation and Navigation , vol.SP-262 , pp. 191-210
    • Emlen, S.T.1
  • 38
    • 0001576294 scopus 로고
    • Migration: Orientation and navigation
    • Farner, D.S. & King, J.R.(Eds.): New York
    • Emlen, S.T. (1975): Migration: Orientation and Navigation. In: Farner, D.S. & King, J.R.(Eds.): Avian Biology, Vol. 5: 129-219. New York.
    • (1975) Avian Biology , vol.5 , pp. 129-219
    • Emlen, S.T.1
  • 39
    • 0001861546 scopus 로고
    • Orientation strategies used by free-flying bird migrants: A radar tracking study
    • Schmidt-Koenig, K. & Keeton, W.T. (Eds.): Berlin
    • Emlen, S.T. & Demong, N.J. (1978): Orientation strategies used by free-flying bird migrants: a radar tracking study. In: Schmidt-Koenig, K. & Keeton, W.T. (Eds.): Animal Migration, Navigation, and Homing: 283-293. Berlin.
    • (1978) Animal Migration, Navigation, and Homing , pp. 283-293
    • Emlen, S.T.1    Demong, N.J.2
  • 40
    • 0017165635 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic direction finding: Evidence for its use in migratory Indigo Buntings
    • Emlen, S.T., Wiltschko, W., Demong, N.J., Wiltschko, R. & Bergman, S. (1976): Magnetic direction finding: evidence for its use in migratory Indigo Buntings. Science 193: 505-508.
    • (1976) Science , vol.193 , pp. 505-508
    • Emlen, S.T.1    Wiltschko, W.2    Demong, N.J.3    Wiltschko, R.4    Bergman, S.5
  • 41
    • 85005688658 scopus 로고
    • Does familiarity with the release site influence the initial orientation of homing pigeons? Experiments with clock-shifted birds
    • Foa, A. & Albonetti, E. (1980): Does familiarity with the release site influence the initial orientation of homing pigeons? Experiments with clock-shifted birds. Z. Tierpsychol. 54: 327-338.
    • (1980) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.54 , pp. 327-338
    • Foa, A.1    Albonetti, E.2
  • 43
    • 0000955015 scopus 로고
    • The effect of phase shifts in the day-night cycle on pigeon homing at distances of less than one mile
    • Graue, L.C. (1963): The effect of phase shifts in the day-night cycle on pigeon homing at distances of less than one mile. Ohio J. Science 63: 214-217.
    • (1963) Ohio J. Science , vol.63 , pp. 214-217
    • Graue, L.C.1
  • 44
    • 0003361157 scopus 로고
    • Oriented bird migration in or between opaque cloud layers
    • Griffin, D.R. (1973): Oriented bird migration in or between opaque cloud layers. Proc. Amer. Philosoph. Soc. 117: 117-141.
    • (1973) Proc. Amer. Philosoph. Soc. , vol.117 , pp. 117-141
    • Griffin, D.R.1
  • 45
    • 0011171672 scopus 로고
    • The role of sun compass and near landmarks in memorizing sites in an aviary
    • Sonderheft
    • Hagmann, K., Ledda, A.P. & Wiltschko, W. (1994): The role of sun compass and near landmarks in memorizing sites in an aviary. J. Ornithol. 135 Sonderheft: 91.
    • (1994) J. Ornithol. , vol.135 , pp. 91
    • Hagmann, K.1    Ledda, A.P.2    Wiltschko, W.3
  • 46
    • 0345450179 scopus 로고
    • Fall nocturnal migration during two successive overcast days
    • Hebrard, J.J. (1972): Fall nocturnal migration during two successive overcast days. Condor 74: 106-107.
    • (1972) Condor , vol.74 , pp. 106-107
    • Hebrard, J.J.1
  • 48
    • 0025287003 scopus 로고
    • Depolarization of natural skylight disrupts orientation of an avian nocturnal migrant
    • Helbig, A.J. (1990): Depolarization of natural skylight disrupts orientation of an avian nocturnal migrant. Experientia 46: 755-758.
    • (1990) Experientia , vol.46 , pp. 755-758
    • Helbig, A.J.1
  • 49
    • 0025955061 scopus 로고
    • Dusk orientation of migratory European Robins, Erithacus rubecula: The role of sun-related directional information
    • Helbig, A.J. (1991): Dusk orientation of migratory European Robins, Erithacus rubecula: the role of sun-related directional information. Anim. Behav. 41: 313-322.
    • (1991) Anim. Behav. , vol.41 , pp. 313-322
    • Helbig, A.J.1
  • 50
    • 0000940427 scopus 로고
    • The skylight polarization at dusk affects the orientation behavior of Blackcaps, Sylvia atricapilla
    • Helbig, A. & Wiltschko, W. (1989): The skylight polarization at dusk affects the orientation behavior of Blackcaps, Sylvia atricapilla. Naturwissenschaften 76: 227-229.
    • (1989) Naturwissenschaften , vol.76 , pp. 227-229
    • Helbig, A.1    Wiltschko, W.2
  • 51
    • 0013683248 scopus 로고
    • Orientierung nachts ziehender vögel: Welche rolle spielen himmelsfaktoren zur zeit des sonnenuntergangs?
    • Bucephala, Sonderheft
    • Helbig, A. & Wiltschko, W. (1993): Orientierung nachts ziehender Vögel: Welche Rolle spielen Himmelsfaktoren zur Zeit des Sonnenuntergangs? Baltic Birds 6 (Bucephala, Sonderheft): 61-75.
    • (1993) Baltic Birds , vol.6 , pp. 61-75
    • Helbig, A.1    Wiltschko, W.2
  • 52
    • 0023528736 scopus 로고
    • Migratory orientation and activity of the Meadow Pipit (Anthus pratensis): A comparative observational and experimental field study
    • Helbig, A.J., Orth, G., Laske, V. & Wiltschko, W. (1987): Migratory orientation and activity of the Meadow Pipit (Anthus pratensis): a comparative observational and experimental field study. Behaviour 103: 276-293.
    • (1987) Behaviour , vol.103 , pp. 276-293
    • Helbig, A.J.1    Orth, G.2    Laske, V.3    Wiltschko, W.4
  • 53
    • 0343005819 scopus 로고
    • Die einrechnung der sonnenwanderung bei der richtungsweisung des sonnenlos aufgezogenen stares
    • Hoffmann, K. (1953): Die Einrechnung der Sonnenwanderung bei der Richtungsweisung des sonnenlos aufgezogenen Stares. Naturwissenschaften 40: 148.
    • (1953) Naturwissenschaften , vol.40 , pp. 148
    • Hoffmann, K.1
  • 54
    • 0345072586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanoreceptors in the upper beak of homing pigeons (Columba livia) as putative structural candidates for magnetoreception
    • Holtkamp-Rötzler, E., Fleissner, G., Hanzlik, M., Wiltschko, W. & Petersen, N. (1997): Mechanoreceptors in the upper beak of homing pigeons (Columba livia) as putative structural candidates for magnetoreception. Verb. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 90: 290.
    • (1997) Verb. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. , vol.90 , pp. 290
    • Holtkamp-Rötzler, E.1    Fleissner, G.2    Hanzlik, M.3    Wiltschko, W.4    Petersen, N.5
  • 55
    • 0002396219 scopus 로고
    • Ecological significance of imprinting and early learning
    • Immelmann, K. (1975): Ecological significance of imprinting and early learning. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 6: 5-37.
    • (1975) Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.6 , pp. 5-37
    • Immelmann, K.1
  • 56
    • 84926982143 scopus 로고
    • Einfluß einer richtungsänderung des stellaren oder magnetischen meridians auf die orientierung von rotkehlchen in rundkäfigen im planetarium
    • Mihelsons, H., Blüm, P. & Baumaris, J. (Eds.): Riga
    • Katz, Y. & Mihelsons, H. (1978): (Einfluß einer Richtungsänderung des stellaren oder magnetischen Meridians auf die Orientierung von Rotkehlchen in Rundkäfigen im Planetarium; in Russisch). In: Mihelsons, H., Blüm, P. & Baumaris, J. (Eds.): Orientazija Ptiz (Orientierung der Vögel): 180-193. Riga.
    • (1978) Orientazija Ptiz (Orientierung der Vögel) , pp. 180-193
    • Katz, Y.1    Mihelsons, H.2
  • 57
    • 0000293922 scopus 로고
    • Orientation by pigeons: Is the sun necessary?
    • Keeton, W.T. (1969): Orientation by pigeons: Is the sun necessary? Science 165: 922-928.
    • (1969) Science , vol.165 , pp. 922-928
    • Keeton, W.T.1
  • 58
    • 0014974953 scopus 로고
    • Magnets interfere with pigeon homing
    • Keeton, W.T. (1971): Magnets interfere with pigeon homing. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 68: 102-106.
    • (1971) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.68 , pp. 102-106
    • Keeton, W.T.1
  • 59
    • 77956725305 scopus 로고
    • The orientational and navigational basis of homing in birds
    • Keeton, W.T. (1974): The orientational and navigational basis of homing in birds. Adv. Study Behav. 5: 47-132.
    • (1974) Adv. Study Behav. , vol.5 , pp. 47-132
    • Keeton, W.T.1
  • 60
    • 0014768421 scopus 로고
    • Orientation by untrained pigeons requires the sun
    • Keeton, W.T. & Gobert, A. (1970): Orientation by untrained pigeons requires the sun. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci USA 65: 853-856.
    • (1970) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci USA , vol.65 , pp. 853-856
    • Keeton, W.T.1    Gobert, A.2
  • 61
    • 0011493370 scopus 로고
    • Orientierte zugaktivität gekäfigter singvögel
    • Kramer, G. (1950a): Orientierte Zugaktivität gekäfigter Singvögel. Naturwissenschaften 37: 188.
    • (1950) Naturwissenschaften , vol.37 , pp. 188
    • Kramer, G.1
  • 62
    • 0001644035 scopus 로고
    • Weitere analyse der faktoren, welche die zugaktivität des gekäfigten vogels orientieren
    • Kramer, G. (1950b): Weitere Analyse der Faktoren, welche die Zugaktivität des gekäfigten Vogels orientieren. Naturwissenschaften 37: 377-378.
    • (1950) Naturwissenschaften , vol.37 , pp. 377-378
    • Kramer, G.1
  • 63
    • 0002378734 scopus 로고
    • Eine neue methode zur erforschung der zugorientierung und die bisher damit erzielten ergebnisse
    • Uppsala
    • Kramer, G. (1951): Eine neue Methode zur Erforschung der Zugorientierung und die bisher damit erzielten Ergebnisse. Proc. X. Intern. Ornithol. Congr.: 269-280. Uppsala.
    • (1951) Proc. X. Intern. Ornithol. Congr. , pp. 269-280
    • Kramer, G.1
  • 64
    • 84977250003 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on bird orientation
    • Kramer, G. (1952): Experiments on bird orientation. Ibis 94: 265-285.
    • (1952) Ibis , vol.94 , pp. 265-285
    • Kramer, G.1
  • 65
    • 0001113582 scopus 로고
    • Wird die sonnenhöhe bei der heimfindeorientierung verwertet?
    • Kramer, G. (1953): Wird die Sonnenhöhe bei der Heimfindeorientierung verwertet? J. Ornithol. 94: 201-219.
    • (1953) J. Ornithol. , vol.94 , pp. 201-219
    • Kramer, G.1
  • 66
    • 84995192204 scopus 로고
    • Experiments in bird orientation and their interpretation
    • Kramer, G. (1957): Experiments in bird orientation and their interpretation. Ibis 99: 196-227.
    • (1957) Ibis , vol.99 , pp. 196-227
    • Kramer, G.1
  • 67
    • 0001413367 scopus 로고
    • Recent experiments on bird orientation
    • Kramer, G. (1959): Recent experiments on bird orientation. Ibis 101: 399-416.
    • (1959) Ibis , vol.101 , pp. 399-416
    • Kramer, G.1
  • 69
    • 0016207183 scopus 로고
    • Detection of polarized light by the homing pigeon, Columba livia
    • Kreithen, M.L. & Keeton, W.T. (1974): Detection of polarized light by the homing pigeon, Columba livia. J. Comp. Physiol. 89: 83-92.
    • (1974) J. Comp. Physiol. , vol.89 , pp. 83-92
    • Kreithen, M.L.1    Keeton, W.T.2
  • 70
    • 0344810820 scopus 로고
    • Licht-kompaßorientierung von rotkehlchen in rundkäfigen unter einem einzelnen künstlichen lichtpunkt
    • Liepa, V.K. (1975): (Licht-Kompaßorientierung von Rotkehlchen in Rundkäfigen unter einem einzelnen künstlichen Lichtpunkt: in Russisch). Commun. Baltic Comm. Study Bird Migration 9: 189-211.
    • (1975) Commun. Baltic Comm. Study Bird Migration , vol.9 , pp. 189-211
    • Liepa, V.K.1
  • 71
    • 0344379107 scopus 로고
    • Orientierung von rotkehlchen in rundkäfigen unter künstlichen lichtquellen
    • Mihelsons, H., Blüm, P. & Baumaris, J. (Eds.): Riga
    • Liepa, V.K. (1978): (Orientierung von Rotkehlchen in Rundkäfigen unter künstlichen Lichtquellen, in Russisch). In: Mihelsons, H., Blüm, P. & Baumaris, J. (Eds.): Orientazija Ptiz (Orientierung der Vögel): 77-179. Riga.
    • (1978) Orientazija Ptiz (Orientierung der Vögel) , pp. 77-179
    • Liepa, V.K.1
  • 72
    • 34347180141 scopus 로고
    • Der kumpan in der umwelt des vogels
    • Lorenz, K. (1935): Der Kumpan in der Umwelt des Vogels. J. Ornithol. 83: 137-213 u. 289-413.
    • (1935) J. Ornithol. , vol.83 , pp. 137-213
    • Lorenz, K.1
  • 73
    • 0345241899 scopus 로고
    • Mögliche orientierung von vögeln nach dem erdmagnetfeld
    • Lutsyuk, B.Ö. & Nazarchuk, G.K. (1971): (Mögliche Orientierung von Vögeln nach dem Erdmagnetfeld; in Russisch). Vestn. Zool. 5: 35-39.
    • (1971) Vestn. Zool. , vol.5 , pp. 35-39
    • Lutsyuk, B.Ö.1    Nazarchuk, G.K.2
  • 74
    • 0004902678 scopus 로고
    • The sensory basis of bird navigation
    • Matthews, G.V.T. (1951): The sensory basis of bird navigation. J. Inst. Navig. 4: 260-275.
    • (1951) J. Inst. Navig. , vol.4 , pp. 260-275
    • Matthews, G.V.T.1
  • 75
    • 0000518550 scopus 로고
    • Sun navigation in homing pigeons
    • Matthews, G.V.T. (1953): Sun navigation in homing pigeons. J. Exp. Biol. 30: 243-267.
    • (1953) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.30 , pp. 243-267
    • Matthews, G.V.T.1
  • 76
    • 0344379105 scopus 로고
    • The astronomical basis of 'nonsense' orientation
    • Ithaca, N.Y.
    • Matthews, G.V.T. (1963): The astronomical basis of 'nonsense' orientation. Proc. XIII. Intern. Ornithol. Congr.: 415-429. Ithaca, N.Y.
    • (1963) Proc. XIII. Intern. Ornithol. Congr. , pp. 415-429
    • Matthews, G.V.T.1
  • 77
    • 0001965832 scopus 로고
    • Magnetismus und richtungsfinden zugunruhiger rotkehlchen (Erithacus rubecula)
    • Merkel, F.W. & Wiltschko, W. (1965): Magnetismus und Richtungsfinden zugunruhiger Rotkehlchen (Erithacus rubecula). Vogelwarte 23: 71-77.
    • (1965) Vogelwarte , vol.23 , pp. 71-77
    • Merkel, F.W.1    Wiltschko, W.2
  • 79
    • 0344810818 scopus 로고
    • Effects of altered photoperiod on migratory orientation in white-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis)
    • Miller, L. J., Weise, C. M. (1978): Effects of altered photoperiod on migratory orientation in White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis). Condor 80: 94-96.
    • (1978) Condor , vol.80 , pp. 94-96
    • Miller, L.J.1    Weise, C.M.2
  • 80
    • 0000560713 scopus 로고
    • Solar cues in the migratory orientation of the Savannah Sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis
    • Moore, F.R. (1980): Solar cues in the migratory orientation of the Savannah Sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis. Anim. Behav. 28: 684-704.
    • (1980) Anim. Behav. , vol.28 , pp. 684-704
    • Moore, F.R.1
  • 81
    • 0000869382 scopus 로고
    • Sunset and the orientation of a nocturnal bird migrant: A mirror experiment
    • Moore, F.R. (1982): Sunset and the orientation of a nocturnal bird migrant: a mirror experiment. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 10: 153-155.
    • (1982) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.10 , pp. 153-155
    • Moore, F.R.1
  • 82
    • 0022163766 scopus 로고
    • Integration of environmental stimuli in the migratory orientation of the Savannah Sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis
    • Moore, F.R. (1985): Integration of environmental stimuli in the migratory orientation of the Savannah Sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis. Anim. Behav. 33: 657-663.
    • (1985) Anim. Behav. , vol.33 , pp. 657-663
    • Moore, F.R.1
  • 83
    • 0000668089 scopus 로고
    • Sunset, skylight polarization and the migratory orientation of yellow-rumped Warblers, Dendroica coronata
    • Moore, F.R. & Phillips, J.B. (1988): Sunset, skylight polarization and the migratory orientation of Yellow-rumped Warblers, Dendroica coronata. Anim. Behav. 36: 1770-1778.
    • (1988) Anim. Behav. , vol.36 , pp. 1770-1778
    • Moore, F.R.1    Phillips, J.B.2
  • 84
    • 0001049721 scopus 로고
    • Clock-shift experiments with migratory yellow-faced Honeyeaters, Lichenostomus chrysops (Meliphagidae), an Australian day migrating bird
    • Munro, U. & Wiltschko, R. (1993): Clock-shift experiments with migratory Yellow-faced Honeyeaters, Lichenostomus chrysops (Meliphagidae), an Australian day migrating bird. J. Exp. Biol. 181: 233-244.
    • (1993) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.181 , pp. 233-244
    • Munro, U.1    Wiltschko, R.2
  • 85
    • 0000691998 scopus 로고
    • The role of skylight polarization in the orientation of a day-migrating bird species
    • Munro, U. & Wiltschko, R. (1995): The role of skylight polarization in the orientation of a day-migrating bird species. J. Comp. Physiol. A 177: 357-362.
    • (1995) J. Comp. Physiol. A , vol.177 , pp. 357-362
    • Munro, U.1    Wiltschko, R.2
  • 86
    • 0027830084 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic compass orientation in the yellow-faced Honeyeater, Lichenostomus chrysops, a day migrating bird from Australia
    • Munro, U. & Wiltschko, W. (1993): Magnetic compass orientation in the Yellow-faced Honeyeater, Lichenostomus chrysops, a day migrating bird from Australia. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 32: 141-145.
    • (1993) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.32 , pp. 141-145
    • Munro, U.1    Wiltschko, W.2
  • 87
    • 0023790327 scopus 로고
    • Orientation of displaced homing pigeons with shifted circadian clocks: Predictions v.v. observations
    • Neuss M. & Wallraff, H.G. (1988): Orientation of displaced homing pigeons with shifted circadian clocks: Predictions v.v. observations. Naturwissenschaften 75: 363-365.
    • (1988) Naturwissenschaften , vol.75 , pp. 363-365
    • Neuss, M.1    Wallraff, H.G.2
  • 88
    • 0344427465 scopus 로고
    • Die orientierung von Wiesenpiepern (Anthus pratensis L.)
    • Orth, G. & Wiltschko, W. (1981): Die Orientierung von Wiesenpiepern (Anthus pratensis L.). Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 74: 252.
    • (1981) Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. , vol.74 , pp. 252
    • Orth, G.1    Wiltschko, W.2
  • 89
    • 0344810813 scopus 로고
    • Stichting vogeltrekstation texel jaarsverslag over 1956
    • Perdeck, A.C. (1957): Stichting Vogeltrekstation Texel Jaarsverslag over 1956. Limosa 30: 62-75.
    • (1957) Limosa , vol.30 , pp. 62-75
    • Perdeck, A.C.1
  • 90
    • 0344379098 scopus 로고
    • Calibration of the sun compass by sunset polarized light pattern in a migratory bird
    • Phillips, J.B. & Moore, F.R. (1992): Calibration of the sun compass by sunset polarized light pattern in a migratory bird. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 44: 796-797.
    • (1992) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.44 , pp. 796-797
    • Phillips, J.B.1    Moore, F.R.2
  • 92
    • 0344810811 scopus 로고
    • Navigation ability of certain passerines
    • Potapov, R.L. (1966): Navigation ability of certain passerines. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 171: 892-893.
    • (1966) Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR , vol.171 , pp. 892-893
    • Potapov, R.L.1
  • 95
    • 0345241894 scopus 로고
    • Orientation initiale lors de la rentrée au nid du puffin cendré (Calonectris diomedea) sous conditions de ciel clair et ciel couvert
    • Barcelona
    • Rodriguez-Teijeiro, J.D., Cordero-Tapia, P.J. & Nadal, J. (1984): Orientation initiale lors de la rentrée au nid du Puffin cendré (Calonectris diomedea) sous conditions de ciel clair et ciel couvert. Proc. d' Acquisition Précoce: 483-490. Barcelona.
    • (1984) Proc. d' Acquisition Précoce , pp. 483-490
    • Rodriguez-Teijeiro, J.D.1    Cordero-Tapia, P.J.2    Nadal, J.3
  • 96
    • 0025956437 scopus 로고
    • Sunset orientation of Robins, Erithacus rubecula, with different fields of sky vision
    • Sandberg, R. (1991): Sunset orientation of Robins, Erithacus rubecula, with different fields of sky vision. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 28: 77-83.
    • (1991) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.28 , pp. 77-83
    • Sandberg, R.1
  • 97
    • 0029659284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migratory orientation of red-eyed Vireos, Vireo olivaceus, in relation to energetic condition and ecological context
    • Sandberg, R. & Moore, F.R. (1996): Migratory orientation of Red-eyed Vireos, Vireo olivaceus, in relation to energetic condition and ecological context. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 39: 1-10.
    • (1996) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.39 , pp. 1-10
    • Sandberg, R.1    Moore, F.R.2
  • 98
    • 0029827605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic orientation of Snow Buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis), a species breeding in the high arctic: Passage migration through temperate-zone areas
    • Sandberg, R. & Pettersson, J. (1996): Magnetic orientation of Snow Buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis), a species breeding in the high arctic: passage migration through temperate-zone areas. J. Exp. Biol. 199: 1899-1905.
    • (1996) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.199 , pp. 1899-1905
    • Sandberg, R.1    Pettersson, J.2
  • 99
    • 0001392009 scopus 로고
    • Why do migrating Robins, Erithacus rubecula, captured at two nearby stop-over sites orient differently?
    • Sandberg, R., Pettersson, J. & Alerstam, T. (1988a): Why do migrating Robins, Erithacus rubecula, captured at two nearby stop-over sites orient differently? Anim. Behav. 36: 865-876.
    • (1988) Anim. Behav. , vol.36 , pp. 865-876
    • Sandberg, R.1    Pettersson, J.2    Alerstam, T.3
  • 100
    • 0001392012 scopus 로고
    • Shifted magnetic fields lead to deflected and axial orientation of migrating Robins, Erithacus rubecula, at sunset
    • Sandberg, R., Pettersson, J. & Alerstam, T. (1988b): Shifted magnetic fields lead to deflected and axial orientation of migrating Robins, Erithacus rubecula, at sunset. Anim. Behav. 36: 877-887.
    • (1988) Anim. Behav. , vol.36 , pp. 877-887
    • Sandberg, R.1    Pettersson, J.2    Alerstam, T.3
  • 101
    • 0026086829 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic orientation of migratory Wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) in Sweden and Greenland
    • Sandberg, R., Ottosson, U. & Pettersson, J. (1991): Magnetic orientation of migratory Wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) in Sweden and Greenland. J. Exp. Biol. 155: 51-64.
    • (1991) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.155 , pp. 51-64
    • Sandberg, R.1    Ottosson, U.2    Pettersson, J.3
  • 102
    • 84990770602 scopus 로고
    • Die sternorientierung nächtlich ziehender Grasmücken, Sylvia atricapilla, borin und curruca
    • Sauer, F. (1957): Die Sternorientierung nächtlich ziehender Grasmücken, Sylvia atricapilla, borin und curruca. Z. Tierpsychol. 14: 29-70.
    • (1957) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.14 , pp. 29-70
    • Sauer, F.1
  • 103
    • 0001246862 scopus 로고
    • Star navigation of nocturnal migrating birds. The 1958 planetarium experiments
    • Sauer, F. & Sauer, E. (1960): Star navigation of nocturnal migrating birds. The 1958 planetarium experiments. Cold Spring Harbor Sym. Quant. Biol. 25: 463-473.
    • (1960) Cold Spring Harbor Sym. Quant. Biol. , vol.25 , pp. 463-473
    • Sauer, F.1    Sauer, E.2
  • 104
    • 0345673667 scopus 로고
    • Der einfluß experimentell veränderter zeitschätzung auf das heimfindevermögen von brieftauben
    • Schmidt-Koenig, K. (1958): Der Einfluß experimentell veränderter Zeitschätzung auf das Heimfindevermögen von Brieftauben. Naturwissenschaften 45: 47.
    • (1958) Naturwissenschaften , vol.45 , pp. 47
    • Schmidt-Koenig, K.1
  • 105
    • 84995178383 scopus 로고
    • Die sonne als kompaß im heim-orientierungssystem der brieftauben
    • Schmidt-Koenig, K. (1961): Die Sonne als Kompaß im Heim-Orientierungssystem der Brieftauben. Z. Tierpsychol. 18: 221-244.
    • (1961) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.18 , pp. 221-244
    • Schmidt-Koenig, K.1
  • 106
    • 0000743994 scopus 로고
    • Current problems in bird orientation
    • Schmidt-Koenig, K. (1965): Current problems in bird orientation. Adv. Study Behav. 1: 217-276.
    • (1965) Adv. Study Behav. , vol.1 , pp. 217-276
    • Schmidt-Koenig, K.1
  • 107
    • 0011216277 scopus 로고
    • Sun compass utilization by pigeons wearing frosted contact lenses
    • Schmidt-Koenig, K. & Keeton, W. T. (1977): Sun compass utilization by pigeons wearing frosted contact lenses. Auk 94: 143-145.
    • (1977) Auk , vol.94 , pp. 143-145
    • Schmidt-Koenig, K.1    Keeton, W.T.2
  • 109
    • 0344379092 scopus 로고
    • Interrelations between astronomical and geomagnetic stimuli during migration in Scarlet Grosbeaks (Carpodacus erythrinus)
    • St. Peterburg
    • Shumakov, M.E. & Vinigradova, N.V. (1992): Interrelations between astronomical and geomagnetic stimuli during migration in Scarlet Grosbeaks (Carpodacus erythrinus). Russ. Acad. Sci., Proc. Zool. Inst., St. Peterburg, 247: 106-116.
    • (1992) Russ. Acad. Sci., Proc. Zool. Inst. , vol.247 , pp. 106-116
    • Shumakov, M.E.1    Vinigradova, N.V.2
  • 110
    • 0002087858 scopus 로고
    • The geomagnetic field: Its nature, history and biological relevance
    • Kirschvink, J. L., Jones, D. S., MacFaddon, B.J. (Eds.): New York
    • Skiles, D.D. (1985): The geomagnetic field: its nature, history and biological relevance. In: Kirschvink, J. L., Jones, D. S., MacFaddon, B.J. (Eds.): Magnetite Biomineralization and Magnetoreception in Organisms: 43-102. New York.
    • (1985) Magnetite Biomineralization and Magnetoreception in Organisms , pp. 43-102
    • Skiles, D.D.1
  • 111
    • 0037604358 scopus 로고
    • Radarbeobachtungen über die richtung und deren streuung beim nächtlichen vogelzug im Schweizerischen mittelland
    • Steidinger, P. (1968): Radarbeobachtungen über die Richtung und deren Streuung beim nächtlichen Vogelzug im Schweizerischen Mittelland. Ornithol. Beob. 65: 197-226.
    • (1968) Ornithol. Beob. , vol.65 , pp. 197-226
    • Steidinger, P.1
  • 112
    • 0344379090 scopus 로고
    • The magnetic compass of Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla)
    • Viehmann, W. (1979): The magnetic compass of Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla). Behaviour 68: 24-30.
    • (1979) Behaviour , vol.68 , pp. 24-30
    • Viehmann, W.1
  • 113
    • 0001590613 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic influences on pigeon homing
    • Visalberghi, E. & Alleva, E. (1979): Magnetic influences on pigeon homing. Biol. Bull. 125: 246-256.
    • (1979) Biol. Bull. , vol.125 , pp. 246-256
    • Visalberghi, E.1    Alleva, E.2
  • 114
    • 0344379089 scopus 로고
    • Über die wahrscheinliche sonnen-orientierung einiger vogelarten auf dem zuge
    • Vleugel, D.A. (1953): Über die wahrscheinliche Sonnen-Orientierung einiger Vogelarten auf dem Zuge. Ornis Fennica 30: 41-51.
    • (1953) Ornis Fennica , vol.30 , pp. 41-51
    • Vleugel, D.A.1
  • 115
    • 0345241891 scopus 로고
    • Über die unzulänglichkeit der visierorientierung für das geradeausfliegen, insbesondere beim zug des buchfinken (Fringilla coelebs L.)
    • Vleugel, D.A. (1955): Über die Unzulänglichkeit der Visierorientierung für das Geradeausfliegen, insbesondere beim Zug des Buchfinken (Fringilla coelebs L.). Ornis Fennica 32: 34-40.
    • (1955) Ornis Fennica , vol.32 , pp. 34-40
    • Vleugel, D.A.1
  • 116
    • 0344881346 scopus 로고
    • Beobachtungen über wahrscheinliche primäre orientierung von nachtziehern mit hilfe des ersten und letzten dämmerungspunktes
    • Vleugel, D.A. (1979): Beobachtungen über wahrscheinliche primäre Orientierung von Nachtziehern mit Hilfe des ersten und letzten Dämmerungspunktes. Vogelwarte 30: 65-68.
    • (1979) Vogelwarte , vol.30 , pp. 65-68
    • Vleugel, D.A.1
  • 117
    • 0345673663 scopus 로고
    • Nachweis der sonnenorientierung bei nächtlich ziehenden vögeln
    • von Saint Paul, U. (1954): Nachweis der Sonnenorientierung bei nächtlich ziehenden Vögeln. Behaviour 6: 1-7.
    • (1954) Behaviour , vol.6 , pp. 1-7
    • Von Saint Paul, U.1
  • 118
    • 0344810805 scopus 로고
    • Compass directional training of Western Meadow Larks (Sturnella neglecta)
    • von Saint Paul, U. (1956): Compass directional training of Western Meadow Larks (Sturnella neglecta). Auk 73: 203-210.
    • (1956) Auk , vol.73 , pp. 203-210
    • Von Saint Paul, U.1
  • 119
    • 0016146960 scopus 로고
    • Orientation of homing pigeons altered by a change in the direction of an applied magnetic field
    • Walcott, C. & Green, R. P. (1974): Orientation of homing pigeons altered by a change in the direction of an applied magnetic field. Science 184: 180-182.
    • (1974) Science , vol.184 , pp. 180-182
    • Walcott, C.1    Green, R.P.2
  • 120
    • 0011394570 scopus 로고
    • Sun navigation in homing pigeons - Attemps to shift sun coordinates
    • Walcott, C. & Michener, M.C. (1971): Sun navigation in homing pigeons - attemps to shift sun coordinates. J. Exp. Biol. 54: 291-316.
    • (1971) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.54 , pp. 291-316
    • Walcott, C.1    Michener, M.C.2
  • 121
    • 84995192136 scopus 로고
    • Können grasmücken mit hilfe des sternhimmels navigieren?
    • Wallraff, H. G. (1960): Können Grasmücken mit Hilfe des Sternhimmels navigieren? Z. Tierpsychol. 17: 165-177.
    • (1960) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.17 , pp. 165-177
    • Wallraff, H.G.1
  • 122
    • 0345241889 scopus 로고
    • Über die anfangsorientierung von brieftauben unter geschlossener wolkendecke
    • Wallraff, H. G. (1966): Über die Anfangsorientierung von Brieftauben unter geschlossener Wolkendecke. J. Ornithol. 107: 326-336.
    • (1966) J. Ornithol. , vol.107 , pp. 326-336
    • Wallraff, H.G.1
  • 123
    • 0345673659 scopus 로고
    • Über das orientierungsvermögen von vögeln unter natürlichen und künstlichen sternmustern. Dressurversuche mit stockenten
    • Wallraff, H. G. (1969): Über das Orientierungsvermögen von Vögeln unter natürlichen und künstlichen Sternmustern. Dressurversuche mit Stockenten. Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 62: 348-357.
    • (1969) Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. , vol.62 , pp. 348-357
    • Wallraff, H.G.1
  • 125
    • 0345722128 scopus 로고
    • Wintergoldhähnchen (Regulus regulus) benutzen einen inklinationskompaß
    • Weindler, P. (1994): Wintergoldhähnchen (Regulus regulus) benutzen einen Inklinationskompaß. J. Ornithol. 135: 620-622.
    • (1994) J. Ornithol. , vol.135 , pp. 620-622
    • Weindler, P.1
  • 126
    • 0028977014 scopus 로고
    • Development of migratory orientation in Pied Flycatchers in different magnetic inclinations
    • Weindler, P., Beck, W., Liepa, V. & Wiltschko, W. (1995): Development of migratory orientation in Pied Flycatchers in different magnetic inclinations. Anim. Behav. 49: 227-234.
    • (1995) Anim. Behav. , vol.49 , pp. 227-234
    • Weindler, P.1    Beck, W.2    Liepa, V.3    Wiltschko, W.4
  • 127
    • 0030463155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic information affects the stellar orientation of young bird migrants
    • Weindler, P., Wiltschko, R. & Wiltschko, W. (1996): Magnetic information affects the stellar orientation of young bird migrants. Nature (London) 383: 158-160.
    • (1996) Nature (London) , vol.383 , pp. 158-160
    • Weindler, P.1    Wiltschko, R.2    Wiltschko, W.3
  • 128
    • 0030788952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The direction of celestial rotation influences the development of stellar orientation in young Garden Warblers
    • Weindler, P., Baumetz, M. & Wiltschko, W. (1997): The direction of celestial rotation influences the development of stellar orientation in young Garden Warblers. J. Exp. Biol. 200: 2107-2113.
    • (1997) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.200 , pp. 2107-2113
    • Weindler, P.1    Baumetz, M.2    Wiltschko, W.3
  • 129
    • 2642679286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of daytime cues in the development of magnetic orientation in a night-migrating bird
    • Weindler, P., Böhme, F., Liepa, V. & Wiltschko, W. (1998): The role of daytime cues in the development of magnetic orientation in a night-migrating bird. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 42: 289-294.
    • (1998) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.42 , pp. 289-294
    • Weindler, P.1    Böhme, F.2    Liepa, V.3    Wiltschko, W.4
  • 130
    • 0344427462 scopus 로고
    • Die sonnenorientierung der vögel. I. Die rolle der sonne im orientierungssystem und die funktionsweise des sonnenkompaß
    • Wiltschko, R. (1980): Die Sonnenorientierung der Vögel. I. Die Rolle der Sonne im Orientierungssystem und die Funktionsweise des Sonnenkompaß. J. Ornithol. 121: 121-143.
    • (1980) J. Ornithol. , vol.121 , pp. 121-143
    • Wiltschko, R.1
  • 131
    • 0005047087 scopus 로고
    • Die sonnenorientierung der vögel. II. Entwicklung des sonnenkompaß und sein stellenwert im orientierungssystem
    • Wiltschko, R. (1981): Die Sonnenorientierung der Vögel. II. Entwicklung des Sonnenkompaß und sein Stellenwert im Orientierungssystem. J. Ornithol. 122: 1-22.
    • (1981) J. Ornithol. , vol.122 , pp. 1-22
    • Wiltschko, R.1
  • 132
    • 0021055048 scopus 로고
    • The ontogeny of orientation in young pigeons
    • Wiltschko, R. (1983): The ontogeny of orientation in young pigeons. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 76: 701-708.
    • (1983) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A , vol.76 , pp. 701-708
    • Wiltschko, R.1
  • 134
    • 0010466798 scopus 로고
    • Relative importance of stars and magnetic field for the accuracy of orientation in night-migrating birds
    • Wiltschko, R. & Wiltschko, W. (1978): Relative importance of stars and magnetic field for the accuracy of orientation in night-migrating birds. Oikos 30: 195-206.
    • (1978) Oikos , vol.30 , pp. 195-206
    • Wiltschko, R.1    Wiltschko, W.2
  • 135
    • 0000822609 scopus 로고
    • The process of learning sun compass orientation in young homing pigeons
    • Wiltschko, R. & Wiltschko, W. (1980): The process of learning sun compass orientation in young homing pigeons. Naturwissenschaften 67: 512-514.
    • (1980) Naturwissenschaften , vol.67 , pp. 512-514
    • Wiltschko, R.1    Wiltschko, W.2
  • 136
    • 0001508322 scopus 로고
    • The development of sun compass orientation in young homing pigeons
    • Wiltschko, R. & Wiltschko, W. (1981): The development of sun compass orientation in young homing pigeons. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 9: 135-141.
    • (1981) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.9 , pp. 135-141
    • Wiltschko, R.1    Wiltschko, W.2
  • 137
    • 0025639241 scopus 로고
    • Zur entwicklung der sonnenkompaßorientierung bei jungen brieftauben
    • Wiltschko, R. & Wiltschko, W. (1990): Zur Entwicklung der Sonnenkompaßorientierung bei jungen Brieftauben. J. Ornithol. 131: 1-19.
    • (1990) J. Ornithol. , vol.131 , pp. 1-19
    • Wiltschko, R.1    Wiltschko, W.2
  • 139
  • 140
    • 0019808687 scopus 로고
    • Pigeons with a deficient sun compass use the magnetic compass
    • Wiltschko, R., Nohr, D. & Wiltschko, W. (1981): Pigeons with a deficient sun compass use the magnetic compass. Science 214: 343-345.
    • (1981) Science , vol.214 , pp. 343-345
    • Wiltschko, R.1    Nohr, D.2    Wiltschko, W.3
  • 141
  • 143
    • 0032965692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • After-effects of exposure to conflicting celestial and magnetic cues at sunset in migratory Silvereyes, Zosterops l. lateralis
    • im Druck
    • Wiltschko, R., Munro, U., Ford, H. & Wiltschko, W. (1999): After-effects of exposure to conflicting celestial and magnetic cues at sunset in migratory Silvereyes, Zosterops l. lateralis. J. Avian Biol. 30 (im Druck).
    • (1999) J. Avian Biol. , vol.30
    • Wiltschko, R.1    Munro, U.2    Ford, H.3    Wiltschko, W.4
  • 144
    • 0014319921 scopus 로고
    • Über den einfluß statischer magnetfelder auf die zugorientierung der rotkehlchen (Erithacus rubecula)
    • Wiltschko, W. (1968): Über den Einfluß statischer Magnetfelder auf die Zugorientierung der Rotkehlchen (Erithacus rubecula). Z. Tierpsychol. 25: 537-558.
    • (1968) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.25 , pp. 537-558
    • Wiltschko, W.1
  • 145
    • 34250416199 scopus 로고
    • Der magnetkompaß der gartengrasmücke (Sylvia borin)
    • Wiltschko, W. (1974): Der Magnetkompaß der Gartengrasmücke (Sylvia borin). J. Ornithol. 115: 1-7.
    • (1974) J. Ornithol. , vol.115 , pp. 1-7
    • Wiltschko, W.1
  • 146
    • 0002046273 scopus 로고
    • Further analysis of the magnetic compass of migratory birds
    • Schmidt-Koenig, K. & Keeton, W.T. (Eds.): Berlin
    • Wiltschko, W. (1978): Further analysis of the magnetic compass of migratory birds. In: Schmidt-Koenig, K. & Keeton, W.T. (Eds.): Animal Migration, Navigation, and Homing: 302-310. Berlin.
    • (1978) Animal Migration, Navigation, and Homing , pp. 302-310
    • Wiltschko, W.1
  • 147
    • 0000368106 scopus 로고
    • Sun compass orientation in seed-caching Scrub Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens)
    • Wiltschko, W. & Balda, R.P. (1989): Sun compass orientation in seed-caching Scrub Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens). J. Comp. Physiol. 164: 717-721.
    • (1989) J. Comp. Physiol. , vol.164 , pp. 717-721
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Balda, R.P.2
  • 148
    • 0345673657 scopus 로고
    • Zugorientierung von dorngrasmücken im erdmagnetfeld
    • Wiltschko, W. & Merkel, F.W. (1971): Zugorientierung von Dorngrasmücken im Erdmagnetfeld. Vogelwarte 26: 245-249.
    • (1971) Vogelwarte , vol.26 , pp. 245-249
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Merkel, F.W.2
  • 149
    • 0002538621 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic compass of European Robins
    • Wiltschko, W. & Wiltschko, R. (1972): Magnetic compass of European Robins. Science 176: 62-64.
    • (1972) Science , vol.176 , pp. 62-64
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Wiltschko, R.2
  • 150
    • 0016145023 scopus 로고
    • Bird orientation under different sky sectors
    • Wiltschko, W. & Wiltschko, R. (1974): Bird orientation under different sky sectors. Z. Tierpsychol. 35: 536-542.
    • (1974) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.35 , pp. 536-542
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Wiltschko, R.2
  • 151
    • 0016519133 scopus 로고
    • The interaction of stars and magnetic field in the orientation system of night migrating birds. I. Autumn experiments with European Warblers (Gen. Sylvia)
    • Wiltschko, W. & Wiltschko, R. (1975a): The interaction of stars and magnetic field in the orientation system of night migrating birds. I. Autumn experiments with European Warblers (Gen. Sylvia). Z. Tierpsychol. 37: 337-355.
    • (1975) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.37 , pp. 337-355
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Wiltschko, R.2
  • 152
    • 0016831661 scopus 로고
    • The interaction of stars and magnetic field in the orientation system of night migrating birds. II. Spring experiments with European Robins (Erithacus rubecula)
    • Wiltschko, W. & Wiltschko, R. (1975b): The interaction of stars and magnetic field in the orientation system of night migrating birds. II. Spring experiments with European Robins (Erithacus rubecula). Z. Tierpsychol. 39: 265-282.
    • (1975) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.39 , pp. 265-282
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Wiltschko, R.2
  • 153
    • 0002042758 scopus 로고
    • Interrelation of magnetic compass and star orientation in night-migrating birds
    • Wiltschko, W. & Wiltschko, R. (1976): Interrelation of magnetic compass and star orientation in night-migrating birds. J. Comp. Physiol. 109: 91-99.
    • (1976) J. Comp. Physiol. , vol.109 , pp. 91-99
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Wiltschko, R.2
  • 154
    • 0344810801 scopus 로고
    • Die orientierung der zugvögel: Magnetfeld und himmelsfaktoren wirken zusammen
    • Wiltschko, W. & Wiltschko, R. (1988): Die Orientierung der Zugvögel: Magnetfeld und Himmelsfaktoren wirken zusammen. J. Ornithol. 129: 265-287.
    • (1988) J. Ornithol. , vol.129 , pp. 265-287
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Wiltschko, R.2
  • 155
    • 0344810800 scopus 로고
    • Der magnetkompaß als komponente eines komplexen richtungsorientierungssystems
    • Wiltschko, W. & Wiltschko, R. (1991): Der Magnetkompaß als Komponente eines komplexen Richtungsorientierungssystems. Zool. Jb. Physiol. 95: 437-446.
    • (1991) Zool. Jb. Physiol. , vol.95 , pp. 437-446
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Wiltschko, R.2
  • 156
    • 0344810799 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a 'permanent' clock-shift on the orientation of young homing pigeons
    • Wiltschko, W., Wiltschko, R. & Keeton, W.T. (1976): Effects of a 'permanent' clock-shift on the orientation of young homing pigeons. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1: 229-243.
    • (1976) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.1 , pp. 229-243
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Wiltschko, R.2    Keeton, W.T.3
  • 157
    • 0000282131 scopus 로고
    • Growing up in an altered magnetic field affects the initial orientation of young homing pigeons
    • Wiltschko, W., Wiltschko, R., Keeton, W.T. & Madden, R. (1983): Growing up in an altered magnetic field affects the initial orientation of young homing pigeons. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 12: 135-142.
    • (1983) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.12 , pp. 135-142
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Wiltschko, R.2    Keeton, W.T.3    Madden, R.4
  • 158
    • 0005094901 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a 'permanent' clock-shift on the orientation of experienced homing pigeons
    • Wiltschko, W., Wiltschko, R. & Keeton, W.T. (1984): Effects of a 'permanent' clock-shift on the orientation of experienced homing pigeons. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 15: 263-272.
    • (1984) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.15 , pp. 263-272
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Wiltschko, R.2    Keeton, W.T.3
  • 159
    • 85005537090 scopus 로고
    • Pigeon homing: The orientation of young birds that had been prevented from seeing the sun
    • Wiltschko, W., Wiltschko, R., Keeton, W.T. & Brown, A.I. (1987a): Pigeon homing: the orientation of young birds that had been prevented from seeing the sun. Ethology 76: 27-32.
    • (1987) Ethology , vol.76 , pp. 27-32
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Wiltschko, R.2    Keeton, W.T.3    Brown, A.I.4
  • 160
    • 85005747488 scopus 로고
    • The development of the star compass in Garden Warblers, Sylvia borin
    • Wiltschko, W., Daum, P., Fergenbauer-Kimmel, A. & Wiltschko, R. (1987b): The development of the star compass in Garden Warblers, Sylvia borin. Ethology 74: 285-292.
    • (1987) Ethology , vol.74 , pp. 285-292
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Daum, P.2    Fergenbauer-Kimmel, A.3    Wiltschko, R.4
  • 161
    • 0027397402 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic inclination compass: A basis for the migratory orientation of birds in the northern and southern hemisphere
    • Wiltschko, W., Munro, U., Ford, H. & Wiltschko, R. (1993a): Magnetic inclination compass: a basis for the migratory orientation of birds in the Northern and Southern hemisphere. Experientia 49: 167-170.
    • (1993) Experientia , vol.49 , pp. 167-170
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Munro, U.2    Ford, H.3    Wiltschko, R.4
  • 162
    • 0027338348 scopus 로고
    • Red light disrupts magnetic orientation of migratory birds
    • Wiltschko, W., Munro, U., Ford, H. & Wiltschko, R. (1993b): Red light disrupts magnetic orientation of migratory birds. Nature 364: 525-527.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.364 , pp. 525-527
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Munro, U.2    Ford, H.3    Wiltschko, R.4
  • 164
    • 0031939144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic versus celestial cues: Cue-conflict experiments with migrating silvereyes at dusk
    • Wiltschko, W., Wiltschko, R., Munro, U. & Ford, H. (1998): Magnetic versus celestial cues: cue-conflict experiments with migrating Silvereyes at dusk. J. Comp. Physiol. A 182: 521-529.
    • (1998) J. Comp. Physiol. A , vol.182 , pp. 521-529
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Wiltschko, R.2    Munro, U.3    Ford, H.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.