Mutant forms of Salmonella typhimurium σ54 defective in transcription initiation but not promoter binding activity

Journal of Bacteriology

Volumn 181, Issue 11, 1999, Pages 3351-3357

  Kelly, Mary T ^a   Hoover, Timothy R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MUTANT PROTEIN; RNA POLYMERASE; SIGMA FACTOR;

ALLELE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; BACTERIUM MUTANT; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DNA BINDING; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); NEGIBACTERIA; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; TYPHIMURIUM;

EID: 0032996056     PISSN: 00219193     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jb.181.11.3351-3357.1999     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Ashraf, S. I., M. T. Kelly, Y.-K. Wang, and T. R. Hoover. 1997. Genetic analysis of the Rhizobium meliloti nifH promoter, using the P22 challenge phage system. J. Bacteriol. 179:2356-2362.
2. Bender, R. A., K. A. Janssen, A. D. Resnick, M. Blumenberg, F. Foor, and B. Magasanik. 1977. Biochemical parameters of glutamine synthetase from Klebsiella aerogenes. J. Bacteriol. 129:1001-1009.
3. 54 to promoter DNA. Mol. Microbiol. 8:287-298.
4. Cannon, W., F. Claverie-Martin, S. Austin, and M. Buck. 1994. Identification of a DNA-contacting surface in the transcription factor sigma-54. Mol. Microbiol. 11:227-236.
5. 54) inhibit RNA polymerase isomerization. Genes Dev. 13:357-370.
6. N: bipartite functions. J. Mol. Biol. 248:781-803.
7. 54) cooperate for DNA binding. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 5006-5011.
8. Casaz, P., and M. Buck. 1999. Region I modifies DNA-binding domain conformation of sigma 54 within the holoenzyme. J. Mol. Biol. 285:507-514.
9. Cullen, P. J., D. Forster-Hartnett, K. K. Gabbert, and R. G. Kranz. 1994. Structure and expression of the alternative sigma factor, RpoN, in Rhodobacter capsulatus; physiological relevance of an autoactivated nifU2-rpoN superoperon. Mol. Microbiol. 11:51-65.
10. Grana, D., P. Youderian, and M. M. Susskind. 1985. Mutations that improve the ant promoter of Salmonella phage P22. Genetics 110:1-16.
11. Guo, Y., and J. D. Gralla. 1997. DNA-binding determinants of sigma 54 as deduced from libraries of mutations. J. Bacteriol. 179:1239-1245.
12. Guo, Y., and J. D. Gralla. 1998. Promoter opening via a DNA fork junction binding activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:11655-11660.
13. Hamilton, C. M., M. Aldea, B. K. Washburn, P. Babitzke, and S. R. Kushner. 1989. New method for generating deletions and gene replacements in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 171:4617-4622.
14. Hirschmam, J., P.-K. Wang, K. Sei, J. Keener, and S. Kustu. 1985. Products of nitrogen regulatory genes ntrA and ntrC of enteric bacteria activate glnA transcription in vitro: evidence that the ntrA product is a σ factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:7525-7529.
15. Hsieh, M., and J. D. Gralla. 1994. Analysis of the N-terminal leucine heptad and hexad repeats of sigma 54. J. Mol. Biol. 239:15-24.
16. 54. J. Biol. Chem. 269:373-378.
17. Ishihama, A. 1993. Protein-protein communication within the transcription apparatus. J. Bacteriol. 175:2483-2489.
18. Juang, Y. L., and J. D. Helmann. 1994. A promoter melting region in the primary sigma factor of Bacillus subtilis. Identification of functionally important aromatic amino acids. J. Mol. Biol. 235:1470-1488.
19. 54 and the β subunit of RNA polymerase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:9702-9706.
20. 70 family: sequence conservation and evolutionary relationships. J. Bacteriol. 174:3843-3849.
21. Lowry, O. H., N. J. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr, and R. J. Randall. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193:265-275.
22. Mei, L., H. Moyle, and M. M. Susskind. 1994. Target of the transcriptional activator function of phage λ. cI protein. Science 263:75-77.
23. N). Mol. Microbiol. 10:903-909.
24. Miller, J. H. 1972. Experiments in molecular genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
25. 54 with the Klebsiella pneumoniae and Rhizobium meliloti nifH promoters: the role of NIFA in the formation of an open promoter complex. J. Mol. Biol. 210:65-77.
26. 54) defective between closed and stable open promoter complex formation. Mol. Microbiol. 26:655-664.
27. 54-holoenzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 266:19510-19518.
28. Popham, D., D. Szeto, J. Keener, and S. Kustu. 1989. Function of a bacterial activator protein that binds to transcriptional enhancers. Science 243:629-635.
29. Reitzer, L. J. 1996. Sources of nitrogen and their utilization, p. 380-390. In F. C. Neidhardt, R. Curtiss III, J. L. Ingraham, E. C. C. Lin, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, W. S. Reznikoff, M. Riley, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cellular and molecular biology, 2nd ed. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
30. Ring, B. Z., W. S. Yarnell, and J. W. Roberts. 1996. Function of the E. coli RNA polymerase sigma factor sigma 70 in promoter-proximal pausing. Cell 86:485-493.
31. 54 holoenzyme by scanning force microscopy. J. Mol. Biol. 270:125-138.
32. Sasse-Dwight, S., and J. D. Gralla. 1988. Probing the Escherichia coli glnALG upstream activation mechanism in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:8934-8938.
33. Stadtman, E. R., A. Ginsburg, J. E. Ciardi, J. Yen, S. B. Hennig, and B. M. Shapiro. 1970. Multiple molecular forms of glutamine synthetase produced by enzyme catalyzed adenylylation and deadenylylation reactions. Adv. Enzyme Regul. 8:99-118.
34. Su, W., S. Porter, S. Kustu, and H. Echols. 1990. DNA-looping and enhancer activity: association between DNA-bound NTRC activator and RNA polymerase at the bacterial glnA promoter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:5504-5508.
35. Syed, A., and J. D. Gralla. 1998. Identification of an N-terminal region of sigma 54 required for enhancer responsiveness. J. Bacteriol. 180:5619-5625.
36. N plays a role in promoter recognition. Mol. Microbiol. 22:1045-1054.
37. Tintut, Y., and J. D. Gralla. 1995. PCR mutagenesis identifies a polymerase-binding sequence of sigma 54 that includes a sigma 70 homology region. J. Bacteriol. 177:5818-5825.
38. Vogel, H. J., and D. M. Bonner. 1956. Acetyl ornithase of Escherichia coli: partial purification and some properties. J. Biol. Chem. 218:97-106.
39. Wang, J. T., A. Syed, and J. D. Gralla. 1997. Multiple pathways to bypass the enhancer requirement of sigma 54 RNA polymerase: roles for DNA and protein determinants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:9538-9543.
40. 54-dependent activator DctD is involved in both binding to RNA polymerase and coupling ATP hydrolysis to activation. Mol. Microbiol. 26:373-386.
41. Weiss, D. S., J. Batut, K. E. Klose, J. Keener, and S. Kustu. 1991. The phosphorylated form of the enhancer-binding protein NTRC has an ATPase activity that is essential for activation of transcription. Cell 67:155-167.
42. 54 in setting the rate and temperature dependence of promoter melting in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 267:24762-24768.
43. Wong, C., Y. Tintut, and J. D. Gralla. 1994. The domain structure of sigma 54 as determined by analysis of a set of deletion mutants. J. Mol. Biol. 236: 81-90.