메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 83-92

The development and maintenance of emmetropia

Author keywords

Emmetropia; Emmetropisation; Eye growth; Lens growth; Lens paradox; Refractive components

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHILD; EMMETROPIA; EYE DEVELOPMENT; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; HUMAN; IMAGE DISPLAY; LENS; LENS POWER; PRESCHOOL CHILD; REFRACTION ERROR; REFRACTION INDEX; REVIEW; SCHOOL CHILD; VISUAL SYSTEM FUNCTION;

EID: 0032994969     PISSN: 0950222X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/eye.1999.16     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (154)

References (106)
  • 2
    • 0345730595 scopus 로고
    • Über die optischen grundlagen der ametropie
    • Tron E. Über die optischen Grundlagen der Ametropie. Graefes Arch Ophthalmol 1934;132:182-223.
    • (1934) Graefes Arch Ophthalmol , vol.132 , pp. 182-223
    • Tron, E.1
  • 3
    • 0012430175 scopus 로고
    • Untersuchungen über die variation und kovariation der optischen elemente des menslishes auges
    • Stentström S. Untersuchungen über die Variation und Kovariation der optischen Elemente des menslishes Auges. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1946;Suppl XXVI.
    • (1946) Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) , Issue.SUPPL. XXVI
    • Stentström, S.1
  • 5
    • 0001287366 scopus 로고
    • Correlation ametropia and component ametropia
    • Sorsby A, Leary GA, Richards MJ. Correlation ametropia and component ametropia. Vision Res 1962;2:309-13.
    • (1962) Vision Res , vol.2 , pp. 309-313
    • Sorsby, A.1    Leary, G.A.2    Richards, M.J.3
  • 6
    • 0003819938 scopus 로고
    • London: Butterworth
    • Sorsby A. Modern ophthalmology. Vol. 3. London: Butterworth, 1964. 3-20.
    • (1964) Modern Ophthalmology , vol.3 , pp. 3-20
    • Sorsby, A.1
  • 7
    • 73049166044 scopus 로고
    • On emmetropia and ametropia
    • van Alphen GWHM. On emmetropia and ametropia. Ophthalmologica 1961;142(Suppl):1-92.
    • (1961) Ophthalmologica , vol.142 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 1-92
    • Van Alphen, G.W.H.M.1
  • 9
    • 0017648798 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonographic study of 100 emmetropic eyes
    • Francois J, Goes F. Ultrasonographic study of 100 emmetropic eyes. Ophthalmologica 1977;175:321-7.
    • (1977) Ophthalmologica , vol.175 , pp. 321-327
    • Francois, J.1    Goes, F.2
  • 14
    • 0009188046 scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes of the optical components in twins
    • Kimura T. Developmental changes of the optical components in twins. Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jpn 1965;69:963-9.
    • (1965) Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jpn , vol.69 , pp. 963-969
    • Kimura, T.1
  • 16
    • 0029335156 scopus 로고
    • Animal models of emmetropization: Matching axial length to the focal plane
    • Norton TT, Siegwart JT JR. Animal models of emmetropization: matching axial length to the focal plane. J Am Optom Assoc 1995;66:405-14.
    • (1995) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.66 , pp. 405-414
    • Norton, T.T.1    Siegwart J.T., Jr.2
  • 17
    • 0024227946 scopus 로고
    • Population studies: Myopia experience in Japan
    • Hosaka A. Population studies: myopia experience in Japan. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 1988;185:37-40.
    • (1988) Acta Ophthalmol Suppl , vol.185 , pp. 37-40
    • Hosaka, A.1
  • 18
    • 0011130916 scopus 로고
    • Über die aetiologie der brechungsanomalien des auges und den ursprung der emmetropie
    • Straub M. Über die Aetiologie der Brechungsanomalien des Auges und den Ursprung der Emmetropie. Graefes Arch Ophthalmol 1909;70:130-99.
    • (1909) Graefes Arch Ophthalmol , vol.70 , pp. 130-199
    • Straub, M.1
  • 19
    • 0026743371 scopus 로고
    • The crystalline lens power in myopia
    • Garner LF, Yap M, Scott R. The crystalline lens power in myopia. Optom Vis Sci 1992;69:863-5.
    • (1992) Optom Vis Sci , vol.69 , pp. 863-865
    • Garner, L.F.1    Yap, M.2    Scott, R.3
  • 20
    • 0023264995 scopus 로고
    • A biometric investigation of late onset myopic eyes
    • McBrien NA, Millodot M. A biometric investigation of late onset myopic eyes. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1987;65:461-8.
    • (1987) Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) , vol.65 , pp. 461-468
    • McBrien, N.A.1    Millodot, M.2
  • 22
    • 84990536599 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of intraocular distances by ultrasound
    • Jansson F. Measurements of intraocular distances by ultrasound. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1963;Suppl 74.
    • (1963) Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 74
    • Jansson, F.1
  • 24
    • 0015180979 scopus 로고
    • The sagittal growth of the eye
    • Larsen JS. The sagittal growth of the eye. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1971;49:873-86.
    • (1971) Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) , vol.49 , pp. 873-886
    • Larsen, J.S.1
  • 25
    • 0029860177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reappraisal of the human ocular growth curve in fetal life, infancy, and early childhood
    • Fledelius HC, Christensen A. Reappraisal of the human ocular growth curve in fetal life, infancy, and early childhood. Br J Ophthalmol 1996;80:918-21.
    • (1996) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.80 , pp. 918-921
    • Fledelius, H.C.1    Christensen, A.2
  • 26
    • 0019994511 scopus 로고
    • Ophthalmic changes from the age of 10 to 18 years: A longitudinal study of sequels to low birth weight. IV. Ultrasound oculometry of vitreous and axial length
    • Fledelius HC. Ophthalmic changes from the age of 10 to 18 years: a longitudinal study of sequels to low birth weight. IV. Ultrasound oculometry of vitreous and axial length. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1982;60:403-11.
    • (1982) Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) , vol.60 , pp. 403-411
    • Fledelius, H.C.1
  • 27
    • 0031205213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myopia development in childhood
    • Zadnik K. Myopia development in childhood. Optom Vis Sci 1997;74:603-8.
    • (1997) Optom Vis Sci , vol.74 , pp. 603-608
    • Zadnik, K.1
  • 28
    • 0031259568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infant emmetropization: Longitudinal changes in refraction components from nine to twenty months of age
    • Ehrlich DL, Braddick OJ, Atkinson J, Anker S, Weeks F, Hartley T, et al. Infant emmetropization: longitudinal changes in refraction components from nine to twenty months of age. Optom Vis Sci 1997;74:822-43.
    • (1997) Optom Vis Sci , vol.74 , pp. 822-843
    • Ehrlich, D.L.1    Braddick, O.J.2    Atkinson, J.3    Anker, S.4    Weeks, F.5    Hartley, T.6
  • 29
    • 0001249767 scopus 로고
    • Age norms of refraction and vision
    • Slataper FJ. Age norms of refraction and vision. Arch Ophthalmol 1950;43:466-81.
    • (1950) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.43 , pp. 466-481
    • Slataper, F.J.1
  • 30
    • 0001483704 scopus 로고
    • Refractive and ocular findings in the newborn
    • Cook RC, Glasscock RE. Refractive and ocular findings in the newborn. Am J Ophthalmol 1951;34:1407-13.
    • (1951) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.34 , pp. 1407-1413
    • Cook, R.C.1    Glasscock, R.E.2
  • 31
    • 0027504351 scopus 로고
    • Emmetropization and the progression of manifest refraction in children followed from infancy to puberty
    • Gwiazda J, Thorn F, Bauer J, Held R. Emmetropization and the progression of manifest refraction in children followed from infancy to puberty. Clin Vision Sci 1993;8:337-34.
    • (1993) Clin Vision Sci , vol.8 , pp. 337-434
    • Gwiazda, J.1    Thorn, F.2    Bauer, J.3    Held, R.4
  • 32
    • 0013888463 scopus 로고
    • Mesure des composantes optique de l'oeil du nouveau-née par echographie ultrasinique
    • Luyckx J. Mesure des composantes optique de l'oeil du nouveau-née par echographie ultrasinique. Arch Ophtalmol (Paris) 1966;26:159-70.
    • (1966) Arch Ophtalmol (Paris) , vol.26 , pp. 159-170
    • Luyckx, J.1
  • 33
    • 0344867718 scopus 로고
    • Eye length in congenital cataracts
    • Cotlier E, Lambert S, Taylor D, editors. RG Landes
    • Manzitti E, Darnel A, Gamio S, Bennozi J. Eye length in congenital cataracts. In: Cotlier E, Lambert S, Taylor D, editors. Congenital cataracts. RG Landes, 1994:251-9.
    • (1994) Congenital Cataracts , pp. 251-259
    • Manzitti, E.1    Darnel, A.2    Gamio, S.3    Bennozi, J.4
  • 36
    • 0000145042 scopus 로고
    • The lens: Development, proteins, metabolism and cataract
    • Davson H, editor. London: Academic Press
    • Harding JJ, Crabbe MJC. The lens: development, proteins, metabolism and cataract. In: Davson H, editor. The eye. 3rd ed. vol 1B. London: Academic Press, 1984:207-492.
    • (1984) The Eye. 3rd Ed. , vol.1 B , pp. 207-492
    • Harding, J.J.1    Crabbe, M.J.C.2
  • 37
    • 0017040369 scopus 로고
    • Dating the onset of cataract
    • Brown N. Dating the onset of cataract. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1976;96:18-23.
    • (1976) Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK , vol.96 , pp. 18-23
    • Brown, N.1
  • 38
    • 0023676121 scopus 로고
    • Central compaction in the process of lens growth as indicated by lamellar cataract
    • Brown NAP, Bron AJ, Sparrow JM. Central compaction in the process of lens growth as indicated by lamellar cataract. Br J Ophthalmol 1988;72:538-44.
    • (1988) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.72 , pp. 538-544
    • Brown, N.A.P.1    Bron, A.J.2    Sparrow, J.M.3
  • 39
    • 0027452799 scopus 로고
    • Emmetropization as a first-order feedback system
    • Medina A, Fariza E. Emmetropization as a first-order feedback system. Vision Res 1993;33:21-6.
    • (1993) Vision Res , vol.33 , pp. 21-26
    • Medina, A.1    Fariza, E.2
  • 40
    • 0012070561 scopus 로고
    • The development of ocular growth and refractive state in normal and monocularly deprived tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri)
    • McBrien NA, Norton TT. The development of ocular growth and refractive state in normal and monocularly deprived tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri). Soc Neurosci Abstr 1987;13:1535.
    • (1987) Soc Neurosci Abstr , vol.13 , pp. 1535
    • McBrien, N.A.1    Norton, T.T.2
  • 42
    • 0023181168 scopus 로고
    • Developmental aspects of experimental myopia in chicks
    • Wallman J, Adams JI. Developmental aspects of experimental myopia in chicks. Vision Res 1987;27:1139-63.
    • (1987) Vision Res , vol.27 , pp. 1139-1163
    • Wallman, J.1    Adams, J.I.2
  • 44
    • 0028084475 scopus 로고
    • Effects of optically induced blur on the refractive status of young monkeys
    • Smith EL III, Hung L, Harwerth RS. Effects of optically induced blur on the refractive status of young monkeys. Vision Res 1994;34:293-301.
    • (1994) Vision Res , vol.34 , pp. 293-301
    • Smith E.L. III1    Hung, L.2    Harwerth, R.S.3
  • 45
    • 0029082674 scopus 로고
    • Spectacle lenses alter eye growth and the refractive status of young monkeys
    • Hung LF, Crawford MLJ, Smith EL. Spectacle lenses alter eye growth and the refractive status of young monkeys. Nature Med 1995;1:761-5.
    • (1995) Nature Med , vol.1 , pp. 761-765
    • Hung, L.F.1    Crawford, M.L.J.2    Smith, E.L.3
  • 46
    • 0027081355 scopus 로고
    • Neonatal eye growth and emmetropisation: A literature review
    • Troilo D. Neonatal eye growth and emmetropisation: a literature review. Eye 1992;6:154-60.
    • (1992) Eye , vol.6 , pp. 154-160
    • Troilo, D.1
  • 47
    • 0025964472 scopus 로고
    • Refractive error changes in kitten eyes produced by chronic on-channel blockade
    • Smith EL III, Fox DA, Duncan GC. Refractive error changes in kitten eyes produced by chronic on-channel blockade. Vision Res 1991;31:833-44.
    • (1991) Vision Res , vol.31 , pp. 833-844
    • Smith E.L. III1    Fox, D.A.2    Duncan, G.C.3
  • 48
    • 0029043857 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of dopaminergic amacrine cells by stroboscopic illumination of fibroblast growth factor (βFGF, FGF-2) injections: Possible roles in prevention of form-deprivation myopia in the chick
    • Rohrer B, Iuvone PM, Stell WK. Stimulation of dopaminergic amacrine cells by stroboscopic illumination of fibroblast growth factor (βFGF, FGF-2) injections: possible roles in prevention of form-deprivation myopia in the chick. Brain Res 1995;682:169-81.
    • (1995) Brain Res , vol.682 , pp. 169-181
    • Rohrer, B.1    Iuvone, P.M.2    Stell, W.K.3
  • 49
    • 0002148372 scopus 로고
    • Excess of the human refraction curve
    • Gitter KA, Keeney AH, Sarin LK, Meyer D, editors. St Louis: CV Mosby
    • Gernet H, Olbrich E. Excess of the human refraction curve. In: Gitter KA, Keeney AH, Sarin LK, Meyer D, editors. Ophthalmic ultrasound. St Louis: CV Mosby, 1969:142-8.
    • (1969) Ophthalmic Ultrasound , pp. 142-148
    • Gernet, H.1    Olbrich, E.2
  • 50
    • 0015340681 scopus 로고
    • Emmetropisation: Physical aspects of a statistical phenomenon
    • Mark HH. Emmetropisation: physical aspects of a statistical phenomenon. Ann Ophthalmol 1972;4:39-401.
    • (1972) Ann Ophthalmol , vol.4 , pp. 39-401
    • Mark, H.H.1
  • 51
    • 0022606803 scopus 로고
    • Choroidal stress and emmetropization
    • van Alphen GW. Choroidal stress and emmetropization. Vision Res 1986;26:723-34.
    • (1986) Vision Res , vol.26 , pp. 723-734
    • Van Alphen, G.W.1
  • 52
    • 0025779845 scopus 로고
    • The regulation of eye growth and refractive state: An experimental study of emmetropization
    • Troilo D, Wallman J. The regulation of eye growth and refractive state: an experimental study of emmetropization. Vision Res 1991;31:1237-50.
    • (1991) Vision Res , vol.31 , pp. 1237-1250
    • Troilo, D.1    Wallman, J.2
  • 53
    • 0018386695 scopus 로고
    • Survey of ophthalmic conditions in a Labrador community. 1. Refractive errors
    • Johnson GJ, Mathews A, Perkins ES. Survey of ophthalmic conditions in a Labrador community. 1. Refractive errors. Br J Ophthalmol 1979;63:440-8.
    • (1979) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.63 , pp. 440-448
    • Johnson, G.J.1    Mathews, A.2    Perkins, E.S.3
  • 54
    • 0025887346 scopus 로고
    • Emmetropisation, squint and reduced visual acuity after treatment
    • Ingram RM, Arnold PE. Emmetropisation, squint and reduced visual acuity after treatment. Br J Ophthalmol 1991;75:414-6.
    • (1991) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.75 , pp. 414-416
    • Ingram, R.M.1    Arnold, P.E.2
  • 56
    • 0024261347 scopus 로고
    • The role of environmental factors and hereditary predisposition in the causation of low myopia
    • Mohan M, Pakrasi S, Garg SP. The role of environmental factors and hereditary predisposition in the causation of low myopia. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 1988;185:54-7.
    • (1988) Acta Ophthalmol Suppl , vol.185 , pp. 54-57
    • Mohan, M.1    Pakrasi, S.2    Garg, S.P.3
  • 57
    • 0026772882 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of myopia and myopic progression in a population of clinical microscopists
    • Adams DW, McBrien NA. Prevalence of myopia and myopic progression in a population of clinical microscopists. Optom Vis Sci 1992;69:467-73.
    • (1992) Optom Vis Sci , vol.69 , pp. 467-473
    • Adams, D.W.1    McBrien, N.A.2
  • 58
    • 0026950751 scopus 로고
    • Myopia and educational attainment in 421 116 young Singaporean males
    • Tay MT, Au-Eong KG, Ng Cy, Lim MK. Myopia and educational attainment in 421 116 young Singaporean males. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1992;21:785-91.
    • (1992) Ann Acad Med Singapore , vol.21 , pp. 785-791
    • Tay, M.T.1    Au-Eong, K.G.2    Ng, C.3    Lim, M.K.4
  • 61
    • 0031053057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractive and biometric findings
    • A longitudinal investigation of adult-onset and adult-progression of myopia in an occupational group.
    • McBrien N, Adams D. A longitudinal investigation of adult-onset and adult-progression of myopia in an occupational group. Refractive and biometric findings. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997;38:321-33.
    • (1997) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.38 , pp. 321-333
    • McBrien, N.1    Adams, D.2
  • 62
    • 0021347293 scopus 로고
    • Plus lens, prism, and bifocal effects on myopia progression in military students: II
    • Shotwell AJ. Plus lens, prism, and bifocal effects on myopia progression in military students: II. Am J Physiol Opt 1984;61:112-7.
    • (1984) Am J Physiol Opt , vol.61 , pp. 112-117
    • Shotwell, A.J.1
  • 63
    • 0025150042 scopus 로고
    • Variables related to the rate of childhood myopia progression
    • Goss DA. Variables related to the rate of childhood myopia progression. Optom Vis Sci 1990;67:631-6.
    • (1990) Optom Vis Sci , vol.67 , pp. 631-636
    • Goss, D.A.1
  • 64
    • 0017333510 scopus 로고
    • Myopia and eye enlargement after neonatal lid fusion in monkeys
    • Wiesel TN, Raviola E. Myopia and eye enlargement after neonatal lid fusion in monkeys. Nature 1977;266:66-77.
    • (1977) Nature , vol.266 , pp. 66-77
    • Wiesel, T.N.1    Raviola, E.2
  • 65
    • 0017834815 scopus 로고
    • Lid closure and refractive error in macaque monkeys
    • von Noorden GK, Crawford MLJ. Lid closure and refractive error in macaque monkeys. Nature 1978;272:53-4.
    • (1978) Nature , vol.272 , pp. 53-54
    • Von Noorden, G.K.1    Crawford, M.L.J.2
  • 66
    • 0017328027 scopus 로고
    • Refractive errors associated with hemangioma of the eyelids and orbit in infancy
    • Rob RM. Refractive errors associated with hemangioma of the eyelids and orbit in infancy. Am J Ophthalmol 1977;83:52-8.
    • (1977) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.83 , pp. 52-58
    • Rob, R.M.1
  • 67
    • 0018792779 scopus 로고
    • Eyelid closure causes myopia in humans
    • O'Leary DJ, Millodot M. Eyelid closure causes myopia in humans. Experientia 1979;3:1478-9.
    • (1979) Experientia , vol.3 , pp. 1478-1479
    • O'Leary, D.J.1    Millodot, M.2
  • 68
    • 0019368259 scopus 로고
    • Monocular axial myopia associated with neonatal eyelid closure in human infants
    • Hoyt CS, Stone RD, Fromer C, Billdon FA. Monocular axial myopia associated with neonatal eyelid closure in human infants. Am J Ophthalmol 1981;91:197-200.
    • (1981) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.91 , pp. 197-200
    • Hoyt, C.S.1    Stone, R.D.2    Fromer, C.3    Billdon, F.A.4
  • 69
    • 0023788010 scopus 로고
    • Increase in ocular axial length in patients with corneal opacification
    • Gee SS, Tabbara KF. Increase in ocular axial length in patients with corneal opacification. Ophthalmology 1988;95:1276-78.
    • (1988) Ophthalmology , vol.95 , pp. 1276-1278
    • Gee, S.S.1    Tabbara, K.F.2
  • 70
    • 0028365938 scopus 로고
    • Increase of ocular axial length in infantile traumatic cataract
    • Calossi A. Increase of ocular axial length in infantile traumatic cataract. Optom Vis Sci 1994;71:386-91.
    • (1994) Optom Vis Sci , vol.71 , pp. 386-391
    • Calossi, A.1
  • 72
    • 0022353537 scopus 로고
    • Disease-associated visual image degradation and spherical refractive errors in children
    • Nathan J, Kiely PM, Crewther SG, Crewther DP. Disease-associated visual image degradation and spherical refractive errors in children. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1985;62:680-8.
    • (1985) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.62 , pp. 680-688
    • Nathan, J.1    Kiely, P.M.2    Crewther, S.G.3    Crewther, D.P.4
  • 73
    • 0023639668 scopus 로고
    • Refractive errors in visually handicapped children
    • Stark N. Refractive errors in visually handicapped children. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1987;191:397-402.
    • (1987) Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd , vol.191 , pp. 397-402
    • Stark, N.1
  • 74
    • 0028932420 scopus 로고
    • Emmetropisation in human infancy: Rate of change is related to initial refractive error
    • Saunders KJ, Woodhouse JM, Westall CA. Emmetropisation in human infancy: rate of change is related to initial refractive error. Vision Res 1995;35:1325-8.
    • (1995) Vision Res , vol.35 , pp. 1325-1328
    • Saunders, K.J.1    Woodhouse, J.M.2    Westall, C.A.3
  • 76
    • 0003905721 scopus 로고
    • Refractive errors in the eyes of children as determined by retinoscopic examination with a cycloplegic
    • Washington, DC: Government Printing Office
    • Kempf GA, Collins SD, Jarman EL. Refractive errors in the eyes of children as determined by retinoscopic examination with a cycloplegic. Public health bulletin no. 192. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1928.
    • (1928) Public Health Bulletin , vol.192
    • Kempf, G.A.1    Collins, S.D.2    Jarman, E.L.3
  • 77
    • 0024818078 scopus 로고
    • Accommodation and presbyopia in the human eye: Aging of the anterior segment
    • Koretz JF, Kaufman P, Neider MW, Goeckner PA. Accommodation and presbyopia in the human eye: aging of the anterior segment. Vision Res 1989;29:1685-92.
    • (1989) Vision Res , vol.29 , pp. 1685-1692
    • Koretz, J.F.1    Kaufman, P.2    Neider, M.W.3    Goeckner, P.A.4
  • 78
    • 0028970093 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of emmetropization in the ageing eye
    • Ooi CS, Grosvenor T. Mechanisms of emmetropization in the ageing eye. Optom Vis Sci 1995;92:60-5.
    • (1995) Optom Vis Sci , vol.92 , pp. 60-65
    • Ooi, C.S.1    Grosvenor, T.2
  • 83
    • 0018376365 scopus 로고
    • Anterior zonular shifts with age
    • Farnsworth PN, Shyne SE. Anterior zonular shifts with age. Exp Eye Res 1979;28:291-7.
    • (1979) Exp Eye Res , vol.28 , pp. 291-297
    • Farnsworth, P.N.1    Shyne, S.E.2
  • 84
    • 0002927213 scopus 로고
    • On the growth of the crystalline lens
    • Smith P. On the growth of the crystalline lens. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1883;3:79-99.
    • (1883) Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK , vol.3 , pp. 79-99
    • Smith, P.1
  • 86
    • 0023632660 scopus 로고
    • Morphology of the aging human lens. I. Biomicroscopy and biometrics
    • Willekens B, Kappelhof J, Vrensen G. Morphology of the aging human lens. I. Biomicroscopy and biometrics. Lens Res 1987;4:207-30.
    • (1987) Lens Res , vol.4 , pp. 207-230
    • Willekens, B.1    Kappelhof, J.2    Vrensen, G.3
  • 87
    • 0025289795 scopus 로고
    • Presbyopia: Effect of refractive index
    • Pierscionek BK. Presbyopia: effect of refractive index. Clin Exp Optom 1990;73:23-30.
    • (1990) Clin Exp Optom , vol.73 , pp. 23-30
    • Pierscionek, B.K.1
  • 88
    • 0015859420 scopus 로고
    • Radius of curvature of the anterior lens surface: Correlations in normal eyes and in eyes involved with primary angle-closure glaucoma
    • Lowe RF, Clark BAJ. Radius of curvature of the anterior lens surface: correlations in normal eyes and in eyes involved with primary angle-closure glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 1973;57:471-4.
    • (1973) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.57 , pp. 471-474
    • Lowe, R.F.1    Clark, B.A.J.2
  • 89
    • 0016294026 scopus 로고
    • The change in lens curvature with age
    • Brown N. The change in lens curvature with age. Exp Eye Res 1974;19:175-83.
    • (1974) Exp Eye Res , vol.19 , pp. 175-183
    • Brown, N.1
  • 90
    • 0023179497 scopus 로고
    • Cataract: The relationship between myopia and cataract morphology
    • Brown NAP, Hill AR. Cataract: the relationship between myopia and cataract morphology. Br J Ophthalmol 1987;71:405-14.
    • (1987) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.71 , pp. 405-414
    • Brown, N.A.P.1    Hill, A.R.2
  • 91
    • 0013992751 scopus 로고
    • Autoradiographic studies on the growth and development of the lens capsule in the rat
    • Young RW, Ocumpaugh DE. Autoradiographic studies on the growth and development of the lens capsule in the rat. Invest Ophthalmol 1966;5:583-93.
    • (1966) Invest Ophthalmol , vol.5 , pp. 583-593
    • Young, R.W.1    Ocumpaugh, D.E.2
  • 92
    • 0025876747 scopus 로고
    • The roles of laminin and fibronectin in the development of the lens capsule
    • Parmigiani CM, McAvoy JW. The roles of laminin and fibronectin in the development of the lens capsule. Curr Eye Res 1991;10:501-11.
    • (1991) Curr Eye Res , vol.10 , pp. 501-511
    • Parmigiani, C.M.1    McAvoy, J.W.2
  • 93
    • 0020262496 scopus 로고
    • Visible changes of the lens with age
    • Niesel P. Visible changes of the lens with age. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1982;102:327-30.
    • (1982) Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK , vol.102 , pp. 327-330
    • Niesel, P.1
  • 94
    • 0028000112 scopus 로고
    • The zones of discontinuity of the human lens: Development and distribution with age
    • Koretz JF, Cook CA, Kuszak JR. The zones of discontinuity of the human lens: development and distribution with age. Vision Res 1994;34:2955-62.
    • (1994) Vision Res , vol.34 , pp. 2955-2962
    • Koretz, J.F.1    Cook, C.A.2    Kuszak, J.R.3
  • 95
    • 0027053319 scopus 로고
    • Changes in light scatter and width measurements from the human lens cortex with age
    • Smith GTH, Smith RC, Brown NAP, Bron AJ, Harris ML. Changes in light scatter and width measurements from the human lens cortex with age. Eye 1992;6:55-9.
    • (1992) Eye , vol.6 , pp. 55-59
    • Smith, G.T.H.1    Smith, R.C.2    Brown, N.A.P.3    Bron, A.J.4    Harris, M.L.5
  • 96
    • 0024313946 scopus 로고
    • Physiological changes of lens transparency during ageing: A Scheimpflug photography study
    • Eckerskorn U, Kokkas K, Hockwin O, Laser H, Janke M. Physiological changes of lens transparency during ageing: a Scheimpflug photography study. Dev Ophthalmol 1989;17:72-4.
    • (1989) Dev Ophthalmol , vol.17 , pp. 72-74
    • Eckerskorn, U.1    Kokkas, K.2    Hockwin, O.3    Laser, H.4    Janke, M.5
  • 97
    • 84979134790 scopus 로고
    • Are the discontinuity zones of the crystalline lens iso-indicial surfaces?
    • Huggert A. Are the discontinuity zones of the crystalline lens iso-indicial surfaces? Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1946;24:417-21.
    • (1946) Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) , vol.24 , pp. 417-421
    • Huggert, A.1
  • 98
    • 0025824382 scopus 로고
    • Structure/function relationship between optics and biochemistry of the lens
    • Pierscionek BK, Augusteyn RC. Structure/function relationship between optics and biochemistry of the lens. J Lens Eye Toxic Res 1991;8:229-43.
    • (1991) J Lens Eye Toxic Res , vol.8 , pp. 229-243
    • Pierscionek, B.K.1    Augusteyn, R.C.2
  • 99
    • 0001858228 scopus 로고
    • The 'lens paradox' and image formation in accommodating human eyes
    • Duncan G, editor. The lens: transparency and cataract
    • Koretz J, Handleman JH. The 'lens paradox' and image formation in accommodating human eyes. In: Duncan G, editor. The lens: transparency and cataract. Eurage, 1986:57-64.
    • (1986) Eurage , pp. 57-64
    • Koretz, J.1    Handleman, J.H.2
  • 100
    • 0023412484 scopus 로고
    • Reduction in axial length with age: An emmetropizing mechanism for the adult eye?
    • Grosvenor T. Reduction in axial length with age: an emmetropizing mechanism for the adult eye? Am J Optom Physiol Optics 1987;64:657-63.
    • (1987) Am J Optom Physiol Optics , vol.64 , pp. 657-663
    • Grosvenor, T.1
  • 101
    • 0025876037 scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in local water and protein content of human eye lenses measured by Raman microspectroscopy
    • Siebinga I, Vrensen GFJM, deMul FFM, Greve J. Age-related changes in local water and protein content of human eye lenses measured by Raman microspectroscopy. Exp Eye Res 1991;53:233-9.
    • (1991) Exp Eye Res , vol.53 , pp. 233-239
    • Siebinga, I.1    Gfjm, V.2    DeMul, F.F.M.3    Greve, J.4
  • 103
    • 0025312261 scopus 로고
    • Molecular mass distribution of water-soluble crystallins from the human foetal lens during development
    • Bessems GJH, Bours J, Hofman D, et al. Molecular mass distribution of water-soluble crystallins from the human foetal lens during development. J Chromatogr 1990;529:277-86.
    • (1990) J Chromatogr , vol.529 , pp. 277-286
    • Bessems, G.J.H.1    Bours, J.2    Hofman, D.3
  • 104
    • 0002178740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the optical properties of the aging human crystalline lens from computer processed Scheimpflug images in relation to the lens paradox. Technical series on vision sciences and its applications
    • Cook CA, Koretz JF. Modelling the optical properties of the aging human crystalline lens from computer processed Scheimpflug images in relation to the lens paradox. Technical series on vision sciences and its applications. Optical Society of America, 1995:138-42.
    • Optical Society of America , vol.1995 , pp. 138-142
    • Cook, C.A.1    Koretz, J.F.2
  • 106
    • 84931983458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oculometry in emmetropia and ametropia
    • Bock J, Ossoining K, editors. Vienna: Verlag der Wiener Med Akad
    • Francois J, Goes F. Oculometry in emmetropia and ametropia. In: Bock J, Ossoining K, editors. Ultrasonic medica. Vienna: Verlag der Wiener Med Akad, 1971:473-515.
    • Ultrasonic Medica , vol.1971 , pp. 473-515
    • Francois, J.1    Goes, F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.