Patterns of urinary and fecal steroid excretion during the ovarian cycle and pregnancy in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)

General and Comparative Endocrinology

Volumn 115, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 76-89

  Fiess, M ^a   Heistermann, M ^a   Hodges, J K ^a  

^a GERMAN PRIMATE CENTER   (Germany)

Author keywords

African elephant; Estrogen and progestin excretion; Ovarian cycle; Pregnancy; Urinary and fecal hormone analysis

Indexed keywords

3ALPHA HYDROXY 5ALPHA PREGNAN 20 ONE; 5ALPHA PREGNANE 3,20 DIONE; ESTRADIOL; ESTRONE; GESTAGEN; PROGESTERONE; STEROID HORMONE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELEPHANT; ESTROGEN EXCRETION; ESTROGEN URINE LEVEL; FECES LEVEL; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; LUTEAL PHASE; NONHUMAN; OVARY CYCLE; OVARY FUNCTION; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGESTERONE URINE LEVEL; SEX HORMONE DETERMINATION; STEROID EXCRETION;

LOXODONTA AFRICANA;

EID: 0032993473     PISSN: 00166480     EISSN: 10956840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1999.7287     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. W.R. Allen S.S. Mathias J.A. Skidmore F.B.P. Wooding R.J. van Aarde Fetoplacental function in the African elephant G. Stone G. Evans Proceedings of the 13th International Congress on Animal Reproduction, Sydney, Australia 1996 9 10
2. R.F.W. Barnes E.B. Kapela Changes in the Ruaha elephant population caused by poaching Afr. J. Ecol. 29 1991 289 294
3. J.D. Brannian F. Griffin H. Papkoff P.F. Terranova Short and long phases of progesterone secretion during the oestrus cycle of the African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) J. Reprod. Fertil. 84 1988 357 365
4. J.L. Brown J. Lehnhardt Serum and urinary hormones during pregnancy and the peri- and postpartum period in the Asian elephant Zoo Biol. 14 1995 555 564
5. M. Carosi M. Heistermann E. Visalberghi Proceptivity: A key word in the sexual behavior of tufted capuchin monkeys ( Cebus apella ). A combined behavioral and hormonal study Hormones Behav 1999
6. K. Chawlisz The use of progesterone antagonists for cervical ripening and as an adjunct to labour and delivery H.M. Beier I.M. Spitz Progesterone Antagonists in Reproductive Medicine and Oncology 1994 131 161
7. A.T. Cowie I.A. Forsyth I.C. Hart Hormonal Control of Lactation 1980 Springer Berlin
8. D.J. de Villiers J.D. Skinner A.J. Hall-Martin Circulating progesterone concentrations and ovarian functional anatomy in the African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) J. Reprod. Fertil. 86 1989 195 201
9. A. Hauffellner F. Kurt J. Schilfarth G. Schweiger European Elephant Group Elefanten in Zoo und Zirkus; Dokumentation Teil 1: Europa 1993
10. M. Heistermann M. Agil A. Büthe J.K. Hodges Metabolism and excretion of oestradiol-17β and progesterone in the Sumatran rhinoceros ( Dicerorhinus sumatrensis ) Anim. Reprod. Sci. 53 1998 157 172
11. M. Heistermann J.K. Hodges Endocrine monitoring of the ovarian cycle and pregnancy in saddle-back tamarins ( Saguinus fuscicollis ) by measurement of steroid conjugates in urine Am. J. Primatol. 35 1995 117 127
12. M. Heistermann S. Tari J.K. Hodges Measurement of fecal steroids for monitoring ovarian function in New World primates, Callitrichidae J. Reprod. Fertil. 99 1993 243 251
13. M. Heistermann B. Trohorsch J.K. Hodges Assessment of ovarian function in the African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) by measurement of 5α-reduced progesterone metabolites in serum and urine Zoo Biol. 16 1997 273 284
14. J.K. Hodges Endocrinology of the ovarian cycle and pregnancy in the Asian ( Elephas maximus ) and African ( Loxodonta africana ) elephant Anim. Reprod. Sci. 53 1998 3 18
15. J.K. Hodges M. Heistermann A. Beard R.J. van Aarde Concentrations of progesterone and the 5α-reduced progestins, 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione and 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one, in luteal tissue and circulating blood and their relationship to luteal function in the African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) Biol. Reprod. 56 1997 640 646
16. J.K. Hodges C. Henderson A.S. McNeilly Circulating oestrogen concentrations during pregnancy in the African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) J. Reprod. Fertil. 67 1983 121 127
17. J.K. Hodges A.S. McNeilly D.L. Hess Circulating hormones during pregnancy in the Asian and African elephant: A diagnostic test based on the measurement of prolactin Int. Zoo Yearb. 26 1987 285 289
18. J.K. Hodges R.J. van Aarde M. Heistermann H-O. Hoppen Progestin content and biosynthetic potential of the corpus luteum of the African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) J. Reprod. Fertil. 102 1994 163 168
19. M. Johnson B. Everitt The fetus and the preparation for birth Essential Reproduction 1996 p. 265–293
20. J. Lamprecht Paul Parey Biologische Forschung: Von der Planung bis zur Publikation Pareys Studientexte 1992 Verlag p. 13–151
21. R.M. Laws Aspects of reproduction in the African elephant, Loxodonta africana J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 6 1969 193 217
22. D.M. Lawson D.J. Haisenleder J.C. Marshall A comparison of the temporal effects of estradiol and diethylstilbestrol on pituitary content of DNA, prolactin mRNA and prolactin and on serum prolactin levels in ovariectomized Holtzman rats Life Sci. 53 1993 1267 1272
23. S.A. Mainka C.D. Lothrop Jr. Reproductive and hormonal changes during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in the Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus ) Zoo Biol. 9 1990 411 419
24. A.S. McNeilly Prolactin and the control of gonadotrophin secretion in the female J. Reprod. Fertil. 58 1980 537 549
25. A.S. McNeilly R.D. Martin J.K. Hodges G.L. Smuts Blood concentrations of gonadotrophins, prolactin and gonadal steroids in male and in non-pregnant and pregnant African elephants ( Loxodonta africana ) J. Reprod. Fertil. 67 1983 113 120
26. C.J. Moss Oestrous behaviour and female choice in the African elephant Behaviour 86 1983 167 196
27. Niemuller, C. A. 1994, Non-invasive monitoring of reproduction in Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus ) by urinary endocrine analysis. PhD thesis, University of London.
28. C.A. Niemuller J. Brown J.K. Hodges Elephants E. Knobil J.D. Neill Encyclopedia of Reproduction 1998 Academic Press San Diego 1018 1029
29. C.A. Niemuller H.J. Shaw J.K. Hodges Pregnancy determination in the Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus ): A change in the plasma progesterone to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone ratio Zoo Biol. 16 1997
30. J.H. Olsen C.L. Chen M.M. Boules L.S. Morris B.R. Coville Determination of reproductive cyclicity and pregnancy in Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus ) by rapid radioimmunoassay of serum progesterone J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 25 1994 349 354
31. J.S. Perry The structure and development of the reproductive organs of the female African elephant Phil. Transl. Royal Soc. 248 1964 35
32. E.D. Plotka U.S. Seal F.R. Zarembka L.G. Simmons A. Teare L.G. Phillips K.C. Hinshaw D.G. Wood Ovarian function in the elephant: Luteinizing hormone and progesterone cycles in African and Asian elephants Biol. Reprod. 38 1988 309 314
33. J.H. Poole The effects of poaching on the age structure and social and reproductive patterns of selected East African elephant populations The Ivory Trade and the Future of the African Elephant, Chap. II.2 1989 Ivory Trade Review Group
34. J.H. Poole Kenya's initiatives in elephant fertility regulation and population control techniques Pachyderm 16 1993 62 65
35. J.I. Raeside R.M. Liptrap W.N. McDonell F.J. Milne A precursor role for DHA in a feto-placental unit for oestrogen formation in the mare J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 27 1979 493 497
36. F. Schwarzenberger E. Möstl R. Palme E. Bamberg Faecal steroid analysis for non-invasive monitoring of reproductive status in farm, wild and zoo animals Anim. Reprod. Sci. 42 1996 515 526
37. F. Schwarzenberger G. Strauß H.O. Hoppen W. Schaftenaar S.J. Dielemann W. Zenker O. Pagan Progesterone and 20-oxo-Progestagens (20-OXO-P) in the plasma of Asian ( Elephas maximus ) and African ( Loxodonta africana ) elephants Zoo Biol. 16 1997 403 413
38. N.S. Smith I.O. Buss Formation, function and persistance of the corpora lutea of the African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) J. Mammal. 56 1975 30 43
39. S.K. Wasser S. Papageorge C. Foley J.L. Brown Excretory fate of estradiol and progesterone in the African elephant and patterns of fecal steroid concentrations throughout the estrous cycle Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 102 1996 255 262