Doppler velocimetry of normal human fetal venous intrapulmonary branches

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 247-254

  Laudy, J A M ^a   Ursem, N T C ^a   Mulder, P G H ^a   Wladimiroff, J W ^a  

^a ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Color Doppler; Doppler velocimetry; Human fetus; Pulmonary venous blood flow; Repeatability

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COLOR ULTRASOUND FLOWMETRY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; FETUS; FETUS CIRCULATION; FETUS DEVELOPMENT; FETUS HEART; FLOW RATE; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMAN; LUNG CIRCULATION; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SECOND TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; VEIN BLOOD FLOW; VENOUS PRESSURE; WAVEFORM;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; FETAL MONITORING; FETUS; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMANS; LASER-DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; MIDDLE AGED; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY TRIMESTER, SECOND; PULMONARY CIRCULATION; PULMONARY VEINS; PULSATILE FLOW; REFERENCE VALUES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, DOPPLER, COLOR; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, PRENATAL;

EID: 0032992076     PISSN: 09607692     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1999.13040247.x     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. 1. Rudolph AM, Heymann MA. Circulatory changes during growth in the fetal lamb. Circ Res 1970;26:289-99
2. 2. Lewis AB, Heymann MA, Rudolph AM. Gestational changes in pulmonary vascular responses in fetal lambs in utero. Circ Res 1976;39:536-41
3. 3. Morin FC III, Egan EA. Pulmonary hemodynamics in fetal lambs during development at normal and increased oxygen tension. J Appl Physiol 1992;73:213-18
4. 4. Ramjagopalan B, Friend JA, Stallard T, Lee G de J. Blood flow in pulmonary veins: 1. Studies in dog and man. Cardiovasc Res 1979;13:667-76
5. 5. Keren G, Sherez J, Megidish R, Levitt B, Laniado S. Pulmonary venous flow pattern - its relationship to cardiac dynamics. A pulsed Doppler echocardiography study. Circulation 1985;71:1105-12
6. 6. Smallhorn JF, Freedom RM, Olley PM. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography assessment of extraparenchymal pulmonary vein flow. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987;9:573-9
7. 7. Angelini A, Allan L, Anderson RH, Crawford DC, Chita SK, Yen Ho S. Measurements of the dimensions of the aortic and pulmonary pathways in the human fetus: a correlative echocardiographic and morphometric study. Br Heart J 1988;60: 211-16
8. 8. DeVore GR. The use of color Doppler imaging to examine the fetal heart. Normal and pathologic anatomy. In Jaffe R, Warsof SI, eds. Color Doppler Imaging in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992:126-9
9. 9. Emerson DS, Cartier MS. The fetal pulmonary circulation. In Copel JA, Reed KL, eds. Doppler Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Raven Press, 1995:307-23
10. 10. Anteby EY, Shimonovitz S, Yagel S. Fetal echocardiography: the identification of two of the pulmonary veins from the four-chamber view during the second trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1994;4:208-10
11. 11. Laudy JAM, Huisman TWA, de Ridder MAJ, Wladimiroff JW. Normal fetal pulmonary venous blood flow velocity. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1995;6:277-81
12. 12. Better DJ, Kaufman S, Allan L. The normal pattern of pulmonary venous flow on pulsed Doppler examination of the human fetus. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1996;9:281-5
13. 13. Paladini D, Palmieri S, Celentano E, Guida F, Salviati M, Morra T, Martinelli P. Pulmonary venous blood flow in the human fetus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1997;10:27-31
14. 14. Kloosterman G. On intrauterine growth. Int Gynecol Obstet 1970;8:895-912
15. 15. Maršál K, Lindblad A, Lingman G. Blood flow in the fetal descending aorta; intrinsic factors affecting fetal blood flow, i.e. fetal breathing movements and cardiac arrhythmia. Ultrasound Med Biol 1984;10:339-48
16. 16. Gosling RG, King DH. Ultrasound angiology. In Marcus AW, Adamson J, eds. Arteries and Veins. Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingstone, 1975:61-98
17. 17. Royston P. Constructing time-specific reference ranges. Stat Med 1991;10:675-90
18. 18. Altman D. Construction of age-related reference centiles using absolute residuals. Stat Med 1993;12:917-24
19. 19. Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1986;2:307-10
20. 20. Rasanen J, Wood DC, Weiner S, Ludomirski A, Hutha JC. Role of the pulmonary circulation in the distribution of human fetal cardiac output during the second half of pregnancy. Circulation 1996;94:1068-73
21. 21. Hecher K, Campbell S, Snijders R, Nicolaides K. Reference ranges for fetal venous and atrioventricular blood flow parameters. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1994;4:381-90
22. 22. Hislop A, Reid L. Fetal and childhood development of the intrapulmonary veins in man - branching pattern and structure. Thorax 1973;28:313-19