Response of Triassic reef coral communities to sea-level fluctuations, storms and sedimentation: Evidence from a spectacular outcrop (Adnet, Austria)

Facies

Volumn , Issue 40, 1999, Pages 229-280

  Bernecker, Michaela ^a   Weidlich, Oliver ^b   Flügel, Erik ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

^b TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Coral reef ecology; Late Triassic (Rhaetian); Paleokarst Austria; Quantitative field analysis; Reef communities

Indexed keywords

CORAL REEF; SEA LEVEL CHANGE; SEDIMENTATION; STORM SURGE; TRIASSIC;

ADNET; AUSTRIA;

ALGAE; ANTHOZOA; DIPLOPORA; RETIOPHYLLIA;

EID: 0032988391     PISSN: 01729179     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/bf02537476     Document Type: Article

References (134)

1. BAUSCH, W. & ZEISS, A. (1966): Zur Zusammensetzung des Kelheimer Korallenkalkes. - Geol. Bl. NO-Bayern, 16, 240-242, Erlangen
2. BERNECKER, M. & WEIDLICH, O. (1994): Attempted reconstruction of Permian and Triassic skeletonization of reefbuilders (Oman, Turkey): Quantitative assessment with digital image analysis. - Abh. Geol. Bundesanstalt, 50, 31-56, 6 Pls., 5 Figs., 8 Tab., Wien
3. BIRKELAND, C. (1997 (ed.): Life and death of coral reefs. - 536 pp., New York (Chapman and Hall)
4. BLAU, J. & GRÜN, B. (1996): Sedimentologische Beobachtungen im Rot-Grau-Schnöll-Bruch (Hettangium/Sinemurium) von Adnet (Österreich). - Giessener Geol. Schriften, 56, 95-106, 4 Figs., Giessen
5. BÖHM, F. (1992): Mikrofazies und Ablagerungsmilieu des Lias und Dogger der Nordöstlichen Kalkalpen. - Erlanger Geol. Abh., 121, 57-217, 11 Pls., 77 Figs., Erlangen
6. BÖHM, F. & KRYSTYN, L. (1998): Unterjurassische Rotkalkgeometrien am Rhätischen Riffhang von Adnet (Salzburg). - Erlanger Geol. Abh., SB 2, Sediment '98, 13. Sedimentologentreffen, Kurzfassungen und Exkursuionsführer, 10-11, Erlangen
7. BOSELLINI, A. (1991) Introduzione allo studio delle rocce carbonatiche. - 317 p., Bologna (Italo Bovolenta)
8. BOSELLINI, F. (1994): The coral fauna of Vitigliano: Qualitative and quantitative analysis in a backreef environment (Castro Limestone, Late Oligocene, Salerno Peninsola, S. Italy). - Boll. Soc. Paleont. Ital., 33, 71-181, 3 Pls., Pisa
9. -(1998): Diversity, composition and structure of Late Eocene shelf-edge coral associations (Nago Limestone, Northern Italy). - Facies, 39, 203-226, Pls. 35-40, 9 Figs., 1 Tab., Erlangen
10. BOSSCHER, H. (1992): Growth potential of coral reefs and carbonate platforms. - Academische Proefschrift, Vrije Uni versiteit, 157 p., Amsterdam
11. BOURROUILH-LE JAN, F.G. (1998): The role of high-energy events (hurricanes and/or tsunamis) in the sedimentation, diagenesis and karst initiation of tropical shallow water carbonate patforms and atolls. - Sed. Geol., 118, 3-36, 20 Figs., Amsterdam
12. BRAUN, R. & KÖNIGSHOF, P. (1997): Trockenen Fußes durch ein Riff. - In: STEININGER, F.F. & MARONDE, D. (eds.): Städte unter Wasser. - Kleine Senckenbergreihe, 24, 117-122, Frankfurt
13. BRAUN, R., OETKEN, S., KÖNIGSHOF, P., KORNDER, L. & WEHRMANN, A. (1994): Development and biofacies of reef-influenced carbonates (Central Lahn Syncline, Rheinisches Schiefergebirge). - Courier Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 169, 351-386, Frankfurt
14. BUDD, A.F., JOHNSON, K.G. & EDWARDS, J.C. (1989): Miocene coral assemblages in Anguilla, B.W.I., and their implications for the interpretion of vertical succession on fossil reefs. - Palaois, 4, 264-275, 9 Figs., 13 Tab., Lawrence
15. BUDD, D. A., SALLER, A. H. & HARRIS, P. M. (eds.) (1995): Unconformities and porosity in carbonate strata. - Amer. Ass. Petrol. Geol. Mem., 63, 313 pp., Tulsa
16. BUDDEMEIER, R.W. & SMITH, S.V. (1988): Coral reef growth in an area of rapidly rising sea level: Predictions and suggestions for long-term research. - Coral Reefs, 7, 51-56, 2 Figs., Berlin
17. CAMOIN, G.F., COLONNA, M., MONTAGGIONI, L.F., CASANOVA, J., FAURE, G. & THOMASSIN, B.A. (1997): Holocene sea level changes and reef development in the southwestern Indian Ocean. - Coral Reefs, 16, 247-259, Berlin
18. CHAPPELL, J. (1983): Sealevel changes and reef growth. In: BARNES, D.J. (ed.): Perspectives on coral reefs. - Australian Inst. Marine Sci. Contrib., 200, 46-55, Manuka
19. CHIAPPONE, M. & SULLIVAN, K.M. (1991): A comparison of line transect versus linear percentage sampling for evaluating stony coral (Scleractinia and Milleporina) community similarity and area coverage on reefs of the central Bahamas. -Coral Reefs, 10, 139-154, 1 Fig., 8 Tab., Berlin
20. CHOQUETTE, P. & JAMES, N.P. (1988): Introduction. - In: JAMES, N.P. & CHOQUETTE, P. (eds.): Paleokarst.-1-21, 7 Figs., New York (Springer)
21. COATES, S.D. & STANLEY, G.D. (1981): Ahermatypic coral banks: Living and fossil counterparts. - Proc. Fourth Internat. Coral Reef Symp., Manila, 1, 611-618, 2 Figs., 1 Tab., Manila
22. ĊONNELL, J.H. (1973): Population ecology of reef-building corals. - In: JONES, O.A. & ENDEAN, R. (eds.): Biology and geology of coral reefs. - 205-245, New York
23. CUIF, J.P. (1967): Structure de quelques polypieres phacéloides triasiques. - Bull. Soc. Géol. France, Sér. 7,8, 125-132, 1 Pl., 4 Figs., Paris
24. -(1976): Recherches sur les Madréporaires du Trias. IV. Formes cério-déndroides et thamnasterioides du Trias des Alpes et du Taurus sud-anatolien. - Bull. Mus. Hist. Natur., Sér. 3, 381, Sci. Terre, 53, 68-194, 17 Pls., 30 Figs., Paris
25. DAVIES, P.J., MARSHALL, J.F. & HOPLEY, D. (1985): Relationship between reef growth and sea level in the Great Barrier Reef. - Proc. 5th Internat. Reef Congress, Tahiti, 3, 95-103
26. DAVIES, P. S., STODDART, D., R. & SIGEE, D.C. (1971): Reef forms of Addu atoll, Maldevie Islands. In: Stoddart, D.R. & Yonge, M. (eds.): Regional variation in Indian Ocean Reefs. - Symp. Zool. Soc. London, 28, 217-259, 19 Figs., London
27. DODGE, R. E., LOGAN, A. & ANTONIUS, A. (1982): Quantitative reef assessment studies in Bermuda: A comparison of methods and preliminary results.-Bull. Marine Sci., 32/3, 745-760, 8 Figs., 8 Tabs., Miami
28. DULLO, W.C., SÜSSMEIER, G. & TIETZ, G.F. (1987): Diversity and distributional patterns of reef building scleractinins in recent lagoonal patch reefs on the coast of Kenia. - Facies, 16, 1-10, Pl. 1, 5 Figs., 2 Tab., Erlangen
29. DUSTAN, P. & HALAS, J.C. (1987): Changes in reef-coral community of Carysfort Reef, Key Largo, Florida, 1974 to 1982. - Coral Reefs, 6, 91-106, Berlin
30. ENOS, P. & SAMANKASSOU, E. (1998): Lofer cyclothems revisited (Late Triassic, Northern Alps, Austria). - Facies, 38, 207-228, Pls. 51-55, 5 Figs., 1 Tab., Erlangen
31. ESTEBAN, M. & KLAPPA, C. F. (1983): Subaerial exposure environment. - In: SCHOLLE, P. A., BEBOUT, D. G. & MOORE, C. H. (eds.): Carbonate depositional environments. - Amer. Ass. Petrol. Geol. Mem., 33, 1-54, 94 Figs., Tulsa
32. ESTEBAN, M. & WILSON, L. E. (1993): Introduction to karst systems and paleokarst reservoirs. - In: FRITZ, R. D. , WILSON, J. L. & YUREWICZ, D. F. (eds.): Paleokarst related hydrocarbon reservoirs. - Soc. Econ. Paleont. Min., Core Workshop, 18, 1-11, Tulsa
33. FABRICIUS, F. (1966): Beckensedimentation und Riffbildung an der Wende Trias/Jura in den Bayerisch-Tiroler Kalkalpen. -Internat. Sed. Petrograph. Ser., 9, 143 p., 27 Pls., 24 Figs., 7 Tab., Leiden (Brill)
34. FAGERSTROM, A. (1987): The evolution of reef communities. - 600 pp., New York (Wiley)
35. -(1991): Reef-building guilds and a checklist for determining guild membership. - Coral Reefs, 10, 47-52, Berlin
36. FISCHER, A. G. (1964): The Lofer cyclothems of the Alpine Triassic. - In: MERRIAN, D. F. (ed.): Symposium on cyclic sedimentation. - Kansas Geol. Surv, Bull., 169, 107-149, Lawrence
37. FLAJS, G., HÜSSNER, H. & VIGENER, M. (1996): Stromatactis mud mounds in the Upper Emsian of the Montagne Noire / France): Formation and diagenesis of Stromatactis structures. - Göttinger Arb. Geol. Paläont., Sb 2, 345-348, Göttingen
38. FLÜGEL, E. (1975): Kalkalgen aus Riffkomplexen der alpin-mediterranen Obertrias. - Verh. Geol. Bundesanst., 1974, 297-346, 4 Pls., 11 Figs., Wien
39. -(1981): Paleoecology and facies of Upper Triassic reefs in the Northern Calcareous Alps. - In: TOOMEY, D.F. (ed.): European fossil reef models. - Soc. Econ. Paleont. Min. Spec. Publ., 30, 291-359, 26 Figs., Tulsa
40. FLÜGEL, E. & FLÜGEL-KAHLER, E. (1992): Phanerozoic Reef Evolution: Basic Questions and Data Base.-Facies, 26, 167-278, 14 Figs., Erlangen
41. FLÜGEL, E. & HÖTZL, H. (1976): Palökologische und statistische Untersuchungen in mitteldevonischen Schelf-Kalken (Schwelmer Kalk, Givet; Rheinisches Schiefergebirge). - Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Abh., N. F., 156, 70 p., 29 Fig., München
42. FLÜGEL, E. & KOCH, R. (1995): Controls on the diagenesis of Upper Triassic carbonate ramp sedimentation: Steinplatte, Northern Calcareous Alps. - Geol. Paläont. Mitt. Innsbruck, 20, 282-311, 4 Pls., 11 Figs., Innsbruck
43. FLÜGEL, E. & TIETZ, G.-F. (1971): Über die Ursachen der Buntfärbung in Oberrhät-Riffkalken (Adnet, Salzburg). - N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh., 139, 29-42, 3 Figs., 4 Tab., Stuttgart
44. Fox, , W.T. (1962): Stratigraphy and palaeoecology of the Richmond Group in southeastern Indiana. - Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 73, 621-642, New York
45. -(1968): Quantitative palaeoecological analysis of fossil communities in the Richmond Group. - J. Geol., 76, 613-640, 12 Fig., 6 Tab., Chicago
46. FRITZ, R. D. , WILSON, J. L. & YUREWICZ, D. F. (eds.) (1993): Paleokarst related hydrocarbon reservoirs. - Soc. Econ. Paleont. Min., Core Workshop, 18, 269 pp., Tulsa
47. GEISTER, J. (1983): Holozäne westindische Korallenriffe: Geomorphologie, Ökologie und Fazies. - Facies, 9, 173-284, Pl. 25-35, 57 Figs., 8 Tab., Erlangen
48. -(1997): Auf der Suche nach dem analogen Korallenriff. - Coral Research Bull., 5, 151-160, Dresden
49. GOLEBIOWSKI, R. (1991): Becken und Riffe der alpinen Obertrias: Lithostratigraphie und Biofazies der Kössener Formation. In: NAGEL, D. & RABEDER, G. (eds.): Exkursionen im Jungpaläozoikum und Mesozoikum von Österreich.-Österr. Paläont. Ges., 79-119, Wien
50. GRIGG, R.W. (1998): Holocene reef accretion in Hawai: a function of wave exposure and sea level history. - Coral Reefs, 17, 263-272, 6 Fig., 2 Tab., Berlin
51. GRÖTSCH, J., KOCH, R. & BUSER, S. (1994): Fazies, Gildenstruktur und Diagenese des nördlichen Randes der Dinarischen Karbonatplattform (Barreme-Apt, W-Slowenien). - Abh. Geol. Bundesanst., 50, 125-153, Wien
52. HALLAM, A. & GOODFELLOW, W.D. (1990): Facies and geochemical evidence bearing on the end-Triassic disappearance of the Alpine reef ecosystem. - Historical Biol., 4, 131-138, 2 Figs., Chicago
53. HAQ, B.U., HARDENDOL, J. & VAIL, P.R. (1988): Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigraphy and cycles of sea-level changes. - Soc. Econ. Paleont. Min., Spec. Publ., 42, 71-108, Tulsa
54. HENRICH, R. (1984): Facies, dolomitization and karstification of lagoonal carbonates: Triassic of the Northern Alps. - Facies, 11, 109-156, Pls. 9-17, 10 Figs., 1 Tab., Erlangen
55. HEISS, G. A. (1995): Carbonate production by scleractinian corals at Aqaba, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. - Facies, 33, 19-34, 10 Figs., 3 Tab., Erlangen
56. HUBBARD, D.K., MILLER, D.J. & SCATURO, D. (1990): Production and cycling of calcium carbonate in a shelf edge reef system (U.S. Virgin Islands): applications to the nature of reef systems on the fossil record. - J. Sed. Petrol., 60, 335-360, 16 Figs., 9 Tab., Tulsa
57. INSALACO, E. (1998): The descriptive nomenclature and classification of growth fabrics in fossil scleractinian reefs .-Sed. Geology, 118, 159-186, 16 Figs, Amsterdam
58. JAMES, N. P. (1983): Reefs. - In: SCHOLLE, P. A., BEBOUT, D. G. & MOORE, C. H. (eds.): Carbonate depositional environments. - Amer. Ass. Petrol. Geol. Mem., 33, 345-440, 204 Figs., Tulsa
59. JAMES, N.P. & BOURQUE, P.A. (1992): Reefs and mounds.-In: WALKER, R.G. & JAMES, N.P. (eds.): Facies models - Response to sea level change, 323-347, 35 Figs., 1 Tab., St. John's (Geol. Soc. Canada)
60. JAMES, N. P. & CHOQUETTE, W. P. (1988) (eds.): Paleokarst. - 416 pp., New York (Springer)
61. -& - (1990): The meteoric diagenetic environment. - In: MCILREATH, I. A. & MORROW, D. W. (eds.): Diagenesis. - 5-73., Ottawa
62. JAMES, N. P. & MACINTYRE, I.G. (1985): Carbonate depositional environments, modern and ancient. Part 1 - Reefs, zonation, depositional facies and diagenesis. - Quart. J. Colorado School Mines, 80, 70 p., Golden
63. JOHNSON, R.G. (1960): Models and methods for analysis of the mode of formation of fossil assemblages. - Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 71, 1075-1080, New York
64. JUHASZ, E., KORPAS, L. & BALOG, A. (1995): Two hundred million years of karst history, Dachstein Limestone, Hungary. - Sedimentology, 42, 473-489, Oxford
65. KANO, A. (1994): Quantitative compositions and reef development of the Silurian limestones of Gotland, Sweden. - Courier Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 172, 141-146, 3 Figs., 1 Tab., Frankfurt
66. KENDALL, C. G. ST. C. & SCHLAGER, W. (1981): Carbonates and relative changes in sea-level. - Marine Geol., 44, 181-212, Amsterdam
67. KIESLINGER, A. (1964): Die nutzbaren Gesteine Salzburgs. - 426 pp., Salzburg (Bergland-Buch)
68. KISSLING, D.L. & LINEBACK, J.A. (1967): Paleoecological analysis of corals and stromatoporids in a Devonian Biostrome, Falls of the Ohio, Kentucky - Indiana. - Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 78, 157-174, 13 Fig., 2 Tab., Boulder
69. KÖNIGSHOF, P., GEWEHR, B., KORNDER, L., WEHRMANN, A., BRAUN, R. & ZANKL, H. (1991): Stromatoporen-Morphotypen aus einem zentralen Riffbereich (Mitteldevon) in der südwestlichen Lahnmulde. - Geologica et Palaeontologica, 25, 19-35, 4 Pls., 6 Figs., Marburg
70. KUSS, J. (1983): Faziesentwicklung in proximalen Intraplattform-Becken: Sedimentation: Sedimentation, Palökologie und Geochemie der Kössener Schichten (Ober-Trias, Nördliche Kalkalpen). - Facies, 9, 61-172, Pl. 9-24, 41 Figs., 8 Tab., Erlangen
71. LANG, J.C. & CHORNESKY, E.A. (1990): Competition between scleractinian reef corals - a review of mechanisms and effects. In: DUBINSKY, Z. (ed.): Coral reefs, ecosystems of the world, 25,209-252, 11 Figs., 4Tab., Amsterdam (Elsevier)
72. LIDDELL, W. D. & OHLHORST, S.L. (1987): Patterns of reef community structure, North Jamaica. - Bull. Marine Sci., 40, 311-329, Miami
73. LOYA, Y. (1978): Plotless and transect methods. - In: STODDART, D.R. & JOHANNES, R.E. (eds.). Coral reefs: research methods, 197-217, 10 Figs., Paris (Unesco)
74. -(1990): Changes in a Red Sea coral community structure: A long-term case history study. - In: WOODWELL, G.M. (ed.): The earth in transition: Patterns and process of biotic impoverishment. - 369-384, Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press)
75. MARSH, L.M., BRADBURY, R.H. & REICHELT, R.F. (1984): Determination of the physical parameters of coral distribution using line transect data. - Coral Reefs, 2, 175-180, 3 Figs., Berlin
76. MAZZULLO, S.J., BISCHOFF, W.D. & LOBITZER, H. (1990): Diagenesis of radiaxial fibrous calcites in a subunconformity, shallow-burial setting: Upper Triassic and Liassic, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. - Sedimentology, 37, 407-425, Oxford
77. MERGNER, H. (1979): Quantitative ,ökologische Analyse eines Rifflagunenareals bei Aqaba (Folf von Aqaba, Rotes Meer). - Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meereuntersuchungen, 32, 476-507, Hamburg
78. MERGNER, H., & SCHUHMACHER, H. (1974): Morphologie, Ökologie und Zonierung von Korallenriffen bei Aqaba (Golf von Aqaba, Rotes Meer) I. Die Besiedlungsstruktur hydrodynamisch unterschiedlich exponierter Außen- und Innenriffe. - Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 26, 238-358, 13 Figs., 4 Pls., 20 Tabs., Hamburg
79. -& - (1981): Quantitative Analyse der Korallenbesiedlung eines Vorriffareals bei Aqaba (Rotes Meer). - Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 34, 337-354, Hamburg
80. -& - (1985): Quantitative Analyse von Korallengemeinschaften des Sanganev-Atolls (mittleres Rotes Meer). I. Die Besiedlungsstruktur hydrodynamisch unterschiedlich exponierter Außen- und Innenriffe. - Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 39, 375-417, Hamburg
81. MERGNER, H., SCHUHMACHER, H. & KROLL, D. (1994): Longterm changes in the coral community of a fore reef area near Aqaba (Red Sea): 1976-1989. - Proc. 7th Intern. Coral Reef Symp., Guam, 1, 104-113
82. MILLER, W. (1986): Paleoecology of benthic community replacement. - Lethaia, 19, 225-231, Oslo
83. MONTAGGIONI, L.F. & FAURE, G. (1997): Response of coral communities to sea-level rise: a Holocene model from Mauritius. - Sedimentology, 44, 1053-1070, 8 Figs., Oxford
84. PAULEY, G. (1997): Diversity and distribution of reef organisms. - In: BIRKELAND, C. (ed.): Life and death of coral reefs. - 298-353, New York (Chapman and Hall)
85. PERRIN, C., BOSENCE, D.W. & ROSEN, B. (1995): Quantitative approaches to palaeozonation and palaeobathymetry of corals and coralline algae in Cenozoic reefs. - In: BOSENCE, D.J.W. & ALLISON, P.A. (eds.): Marine palaeoenvironmental analysis from fossils. - Geol. Soc., Spec. Publ., 83, 181-229, 25 Figs., London
86. PICHON, M. (1978): Problems of measuring and mapping coral reef colonies. - In: STODDART, D.R. & JOHANNES, R.E. (eds.): Coral reefs: Research methods. - 2219-2230, Paris (Unesco)
87. RIEDEL, P. (1988): Facies and development of the "Wilde Kirche" reef complex (Rhaetian, Upper Triassic), Karwendelgebirge, Austria. - Facies 18, 205-218, Pl. 25-26, 4 Figs., Erlangen
88. RONIEWICZ, E. (1989): Triassic scleractinian corals of the Zlambach Beds, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. - Österr. Akad. Wiss., math.-naturwiss. Kl., Denkschriften, 126, 142 p., 43 Pls., Wien
89. -(1995): Upper Triassic solitary corals from the Gosaukamm and other North Alpine regions. - Österr. Akad. Wiss., math.-naturwiss. Kl., Sitzungsber., Abt. I, 202-3-41, 8 Pls., Wien
90. Ross, M.A. & HODGSON, G. (1984): A quantitative study of hermatypic coral diversity and zonation at Apo reef, Mindoro, Philippines. - Proc. 4th Internat. Coral Reef Symp., Manila, 2, 281-291, Manila
91. SALE, P.K. & SHARP, B.J. (1983): Correction for bias in visual transect censuses. - Coral Reefs, 2, 37-42, 1 Fig., 3 Tab., Berlin
92. SATTERLEY, A. K. (1996): The interpretation of cyclic successions of the Middle and Upper Triassic of the Northern and Southern Alps.-Earth-Science Rev., 40, 181-207, 17 Figs., Amsterdam
93. SATTERLY, A. K., MARSHALL, J. D. & FAIRCHILD, I. F. (1994): Diagenesis of an Upper Triassic reef complex, Wilde Kirche, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. - Sedimentology, 41, 935-950, 11 Figs., Oxford
94. SCHÄFER, P. (1979): Fazielle Entwicklung und palökologische Zonierung zweier obertriadischer Riffstrukturen in den nördlichen Kalkalpen (Oberrhät-Riff-Kalke), Salzburg). - Facies, 1, 3-245, Pl. 1-21, 46 Figs., 18 Tab., Erlangen
95. SCHÄFER, P. & SENOWBARI-DARYAN, B. (1978a): Die Häufigkeitsverteilung der Foraminiferen in drei oberrhätischen Riff-Komplexen der Nördlichen Kalkalpen (Salzburg, Österreich. - Verh. Geol. Bundesanstalt, 1978, 73-96, 4 Pls., 2 Figs., Wien
96. -& - (1978b): Neue Korallen (Scleractinia) aus Oberrhät-Riffkalken südlich von Salzburg (Nördliche Kalkalpen). - Senckenbergiana Lethaea, 59, 117-135, 3 Pls., 3 Figs., Frankfurt
97. -& - (1981): Facies development and paleoecologic zonation of four Upper Triassic patch-reefs, Northern Calcareous Alps near Salzburg, Austria-In: TOOMEY, D.F. (ed.): European fossil reef models. - Soc. Econ Paleont. Min. Spec. Publ.,30, 241-259, Tulsa
98. SCHEER, G. (1967): Über die Methodik der Untersuchung von Korallenriffen. - Z. Morphol. Ökol. Tiere, 60, 105-114
99. SCHLAGER, M. & SCHLAGER, W. (1960): Geologische Karte von Adnet und Umgebung 1:10 000. - Wien (Geol. Bundesanstalt)
100. SCHLAGER, W. & SCHÖLLNBERGER, W. (1974): Das Prinzip stratigraphischer Wenden in der Schichtfolge der Nördlichen Kalkalpen. - Mitt. Geol. Ges. Wien, 66/67, 165-193, 2 Figs., Wien
101. SCHÖNLAUB, H.P., KLEIN, P., MAGARITZ, M., RANTITSCH, G. & SCHARBERT, S. (1991): Lower Carboniferous paleokarst in the Carnic Alps (Austria, Italy). - Facies, 25, 91-117, Pl. 22-29, 7 Figs., 4 Tab., Erlangen
102. SCHROEDER, J.H. (1988): Spatial variations in the porosity development of carbonate sediments and rocks. - Facies, 18, 181-204, 10 Figs., 1 Tab., Erlangen
103. SCHROEDER, J.H. & REINHOLD, C. (1997): Rhätriffe von Adnet: Steuerung der Frühdiagenese durch Meeresspiegel und Tektonik. - Abschlußbericht DFG-Projekt Sehr 257/4-1, 50 pp., 4 Pls., 16 Fig., Berlin (Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften II, Technische Universität)
104. SCHUHMACHER, H. (1988): Development of coral communities on artificial reef types over 20 years (Eilat, Red Sea). - Proc. 6th Intern. Coral Reef Symp., Australia, 3, 379-384, 5 Figs., Townsville
105. SCHUHMACHER, H., KROLL, D.K. & REINICKK, G.B. (1995): Longterm fluctuations of coral communities at Aqaba and on Sanganeb-Atoll (northern and central Red Sea) over more than a decade. - Beitr. Paläont., 20, 89-97, Wien
106. SCHUMANN, D. (1984): The Aptian limestones of Ereno (Northern Spain) and their significance for the palaeoecology of rudists. - Z. deutsch. Geol. Ges., 135, 325-333, 2 Pls., 2 Figs., Hannover
107. SCHWARZ, A. (1927): Wachstum, Absterben und Diagenese eines paläozoischen Korallenriffes. - Senck. lethaea, 9, 49-64, Frankfurt
108. SENOWBARI-DARYAN, B. (1990): Die systematische Stellung der thalamiden Schwämme und ihre Bedeutung in der Erdgeschichte. - Münchner Geowiss. Abh., Reihe A, 21, 1-326, 63 Pls., 70 Figs., 18 Tab., München
109. SENOWBARI-DARYAN, B. SCHÄFER, P. (1978): Follicatena irregularis n. sp., ein segmentierter Kalkschwamm aus den Oberrhät-Riffkalken der alpinen Trias. - N. Jb. Geol. Paläont., Mh., 1978, 414-320, 10 Figs., Stuttgart
110. -& - (1979a): Distributional patterns of calcareous algae within Upper Triassic patch-reef structures of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Salzburg). - Bull. Centre Rech. Explor.-Prod. Elf-Aquitaine, 3, 811-820, 1 Pl., 3 Figs., Pau
111. -& - (1979b): Neue Kalkschwämme und ein Problematikum (Radiomura cautica n.g., n.sp.) aus Oberrhät-Riffen südlich von Salzburg (Nördliche Kalkalpen). - Mitt. Österr. Geol. Ges., 70, 17-42, 7 Pls., 2 Figs., 1 Tab., Wien
112. SIBLIK, M. (1998): A contribution to the brachiopod fauna of the 'Oberrhätkalk' (Northern Calcareous Alps, Tyrol-Salzburg). - Jb. Geol. Bundesanst., 141, 73-95, 3 Pls., 20 Figs., Wien
113. SMITH, S.V. & BUDDEMEIER, R.W. (1992): Global change and coral reef ecosystems. - Annual Rev. Ecol. Syst., 23, 89-118, 2 Tab.
114. STANTON, R.J. JR. & FLÜGEL, E. (1987): Palaeoecology of Upper Triassic reefs in the Northern Calcareous Alps: Reef communities. - Facies, 16, 157-186, 9 Figs., 3 Tab., Erlangen
115. -& - (1989): Problems with reef models: The late Triassic Steinplatte 'reef' (Northern Alps, Salzburg/Tyrol, Austria). - Facies, 20, 1-138, Pl. 1-53, 33 Figs., 2 Tab., Erlangen
116. STODDART, D.R. (1969): Ecology and morphology of recent corals. - Biol. Rev., 44, 433-498
117. -(1972): Field methods in the study of Coral Reefs.-In: MUKUNDAN, C. & PILLAI, G.C. (eds.): Proceedings on the symposium on coral and coral reefs, 71-80, Cochin
118. SULLIVAN, K.M. & CHIAPPONE, M. (1992): A comparison of belt quadrat and species presence/absence sampling of stony coral (Scleractinia and Milleporina) and sponges for evaluating species patterning on patch reefs of the central Bahamas. - Bull. Marine Sci., 50/3, 464-488, 3 Figs., 7 Tabs., Miami
119. TOLLMANN, A. (1985): Geologie von Österreich. Band II. Außerzentralalpiner Anteil. - 710 p., 286 Figs., 27 Tab., Wien (Deuticke)
120. VERON, J.E.N. (1995): Corals in space and time: The biogeography and evolution of the Scleractinia. - 321 p., 81 Figs., Ithaca (Cornell Univ. Press)
121. WÄHNER, F. (1903): Exkursion nach Adnet und auf den Schafberg. - 9. Int. Geol. Kongress, Exkursionsführer, Wien
122. WALKER, K.R. & ALBERSTADT, L.P. (1975): Ecological succession as an aspect of structure in fossil communities. - Paleobiology, 1, 238-257, Chicago
123. WEIDLICH, O., BERNECKER, M. & FLÜGEL E. (1993): Combined quantitative analysis and microfacies studies of ancient reefs: an integrated approach to Upper Permian and Upper Triassic reef carbonates (Sultanate of Oman). - Facies, 28, 115-144, Pl. 29-32, 26 Figs., 1 Tab., Erlangen
124. WEINBERG, S. (1981): A comparison of coral reef survey methods. - Bijd. Dierk, 51, 199-218
125. WILKINSON, C.R. & BUDDEMEIER, R.W. (1994): Global climate change and coral reefs: Implications for people and reefs. - UNEO-IOC-IUCN Report, 124 p., Gland
126. WOOD, R. (1995): The changing biology of reef-building. - Palaios, 10, 517-529, 5 Figs., 2 Tab., Tulsa
127. WOODROFFE, C. & MCLEAN, R. (1990): Microatolls and recent sea level change on coral atolls. - Nature, 344, 531-534, 4 Figs., London
128. WRIGHT, V.P. (1991) (ed.): Paleokarst: types, recognition, controls and associations. - Palaeokarsts and Palaeokarstic reservoirs, Postgraduate Research Institute for Sedimentology, Occasional Publication Series, 2, 56-88
129. WRIGHT, V. P. & SMART, P. L. (1994): Paleokarst (dissolution diagenesis): its occurrence and hydrocarbon exploration significance. - In: WOLF, K. H. & CHILINGARIAN, G. V. (eds.): Diagenesis, IV. - Developments in Sedimentology, 51, 477-517, Amsterdam
130. ZANKL, H. (1969): Die Hohe Göll-Aufbau und Lebensbild eines Dachsteinkalk-Riffes in der Obertrias der Nördlichen Kalkalpen. - Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Ges., 519, 123 p., 15 Pls., 74 Figs., Frankfurt/M.
131. -(1971): Upper Triassic carbonate facies in the Northern Limestones Alps. - In: MÜLLER, G. (ed.): Sedimentology of parts of Central Europe. - Guidebook. VIII Intern. Sedimentol. Congr. Heidelberg, 147-185, 20 Figs., 1 Tab., Frankfurt (Kramer)
132. ZANKL, H., WILSON, J.L. & BOSELLINI, A. (1987): Outcrop models for seismic stratigraphy. - Field guide for ERICO field trip through the Triassic Alps of southern Europe, August 1987, 79 p.
133. ZAPFE, H. (1963):: Beiträge zur Paläontologie der nordalpinen Riffe. Zur Kenntnis des oberrhätischen Riffkalkes von Adnet, Salzburg (excl. Riffbildner). - Annalen Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 66, 207-259, Wien
134. ZHU, Z.R., MARSHALL, J. & CHAPPELL, J. (1988): Diagenetic sequences of reef-corals in the late Quaternary raised coral reefs of the Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. - Proc. Internat. Coral Reef Symp., Australia, 3, 565-573, 2 Figs., 2 Tab., Townsville