Changes in the ultrastructure of the epicuticular wax and postharvest calcium uptake in apples

HortScience

Volumn 34, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 121-124

  Roy, Stephane ^a   Conway, William S ^a   Watada, Alley E ^a   Sams, Carl E ^b   Erbe, Eric F ^a   Wergin, William P ^a  

^a AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

Author keywords

CaCl2; Low temperature scanning electron microscopy; Malus xdomestica; Pressure infiltration

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032976253     PISSN: 00185345     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.21273/hortsci.34.1.121     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Baker, E. A. and E. Parsons. 1971. Scanning electron microscopy of plant cuticles. J. Microscopy 94:39-49.
2. Bangerth, F., D.R. Dilley, and D.H. Dewey. 1972. Effect of postharvest calcium treatments on internal breakdown and respiration of apple fruits. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 97:679-682.
3. Betts, J.A. and W.J. Bramlage. 1977. Uptake of calcium by apples from postharvest dips in calcium chloride solutions. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 102:785-788.
4. Bukovac, M.J., H.P. Rasmussen, and V.E. Shull. 1981. The cuticle: surface, structure and function. Scanning Electron Microscopy 1981; III:213-223.
5. Chafe, S.C. and A.B. Wardrop. 1973. Fine structural observations on the epidermis. II. The cuticle. Planta 109:39-48.
6. Conway, W.S. and C. Sams. 1983. Calcium infiltration of 'Golden Delicious' apples and its effect on decay. Phytopathology 73:1068-1071.
7. Conway, W.S., C.E. Sams, J.A. Abbott, and B.D. Bruton. 1991. Postharvest calcium treatment of apple fruit to provide broad-spectrum protection against postharvest pathogens. Plant Dis. 75:620-622.
8. DeVries, H.A. M.A. 1968. Development of the structure of the normal smooth cuticle of the apple 'Golden Delicious'. Acta Bot. Neerl. 17:229-241.
9. Faust, M., and C.B. Shear. 1968. Corking disorders of apples: A physiological and biochemical review. Bot. Rev. 34:411-469.
10. Faust, M. and C.B. Shear. 1972. Fine structure of the fruit surface of three apple cultivars. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 97:351-355.
11. Glenn, G.M. and B.W. Poovaiah. 1985. Cuticular permeability to calcium compounds in 'Golden Delicious' apple fruit. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 110:166-171.
12. Guggenheim, R., M. Duggelin, D. Mathys, and C. Grabski. 1991. Low-temperature SEM for detection of fungicide activity. J. Microscopy 161:337-342.
13. Jeffree, C.E. 1986. The cuticle, epicuticular waxes and trichomes of plants, with reference to their structure, functions and evolution, p. 23-64. In: B.E. Juniper and R. Southwood (eds.). Insects and plant surfaces. Edward Arnold, London.
14. Jeffree, C.E., E.A. Baker, and P.J. Holloway. 1975. Ultrastructure and recrystallization of plant epicuticular waxes. New Phytol. 75:539-549.
15. Jeffree, C.E. and N.D. Read. 1991. Ambient and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy, p. 313-414. In: J.L. Hall and C. Hawes (eds.). Electron microscopy of plant cells. Academic, London.
16. Jeffree, C.E. and A.P. Sandford. 1982. Crystalline structure of plant epicuticular waxes demonstrated by cryostage scanning electron microscopy. New Phytol. 91:549-559.
17. Krause, C.R. and W.N. Cannon, Jr. 1991. Epistomatal wax injury to red spruce needles (Picea rubens Sarg.) grown in elevated levels of ozone and acidified rains. Scanning Microscopy 5:1173-1180.
18. 2-sensitive and -tolerant eastern white pine clones. Phytopathology 73:1266-1269.
19. Meyer, A. 1944. A study of the skin structure of 'Golden Delicious' apples. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 45:723-727.
20. Pitcairn, C.E.R., C.E. Jeffree, and J. Grace. 1986. Influence of polishing and abrasion of the leaf surface of Festuca arundinaceae Schreb. Plant Cell Environ. 9:191-196.
21. Read, N.D. and C.E. Jeffree. 1991. Low-temperalure scanning electron microscopy in biology. J. Microscopy 161:59-72.
22. Reid, M.S. and C.A.S. Padfield. 1975. Control of bitter pit in apples with lecithin and calcium. N.Z. J. Expt. Agr. 7:379-381.
23. Roy, S., A.E. Watada, W.S. Conway, E.F. Erbe, and W.P. Wergin. 1994. Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy of frozen hydrated apple tissues and surface organs. HortScience 29:305-309.
24. Roy, S., W.S. Conway, A.E. Watada, C.E. Sams, E.F. Erbe, and W.P. Wergin. 1995. Heat treatment affects epicuticular wax structure and postharvest calcium uptake in 'Golden Delicious' apples. HortScience 29:1056-1058.
25. Sams, C.E. and W.S. Conway. 1984. Effect of calcium infiltration on ethylene production, respiration rate, soluble polyuronide content, and quality of 'Golden Delicious' apple fruit. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 109:53-57.
26. SAS Institute. 1989. SAS user's guide: Version 5. SAS Inst., Cary, N.C.
27. Scheidegger, C., M. Gunthardt-Goerg, R. Matyssek, and P. Hatvani. 1991. Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy of birch leaves after exposure to ozone. J. Microscopy 161:85-95.
28. Skene, D.S. 1963. The fine structure of apple, pear, and plum fruit surfaces, their changes during ripening, and their response to polishing. Ann. Bot. 27:581-587.
29. Van Gardingen, P.R., C.E. Jeffree, and J. Grace. 1989. Variation in stomatal aperture in leaves of Avena fatua L. observed by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Plant Cell Environ. 12:887-898.
30. Verner, L. 1938. Histology of apple fruit tissue in relation to cracking. J. Agr. Res. 57:813-824.
31. Wergin, W.P. and E.F. Erbe. 1989. Increasing the versatility of an Emscope SP2000A Sputter Cryo System on a Hitachi S-570 scanning electron microscope. Scanning 11:293-303.
32. Wergin, W.P. and E.F. Erbe. 1991a. Increasing resolution and versatility in low temperature conventional and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Scanning Microscopy 5:927-936.
33. Wergin, W.P. and E.F. Erbe. 1991b. Introduction to the advantages and problems associated with low temperature scanning electron microscopy. Scanning 13:14-26.
34. Wergin, W.P. and E.F. Erbe. 1992. Recent advances in low temperature scanning electron microscopy. Supplement to Scanning 14:40-42.