Toxic bile acids in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: Influence of gastric acidity

Gut

Volumn 44, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 598-602

  Nehra, D ^b,c   Howell, P ^a   Williams, C P ^a   Pye, J K ^a   Beynon, J ^b  

^a WREXHAM MAELOR HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b SINGLETON HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF WALES   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Barrett's oesophagus; Bile acids; Reflux oesophagitis

Indexed keywords

CHOLIC ACID; DEOXYCHOLIC ACID; GLYCOCHOLIC ACID; GLYCODEOXYCHOLIC ACID; TAUROCHOLIC ACID; TAURODEOXYCHOLIC ACID; TAUROLITHOCHOLIC ACID;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BILE ACID SYNTHESIS; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ESOPHAGUS MUCOSA; ESOPHAGUS PH; FEMALE; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRESSURE TRANSDUCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCORING SYSTEM; STOMACH ACID SECRETION;

EID: 0032965548     PISSN: 00175749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/gut.44.5.598     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. 1 Black RB, Hole D, Rhodes J. Bile damage to the gastric mucosal barrier: the influence of pH and bile acid concentration. Gastroenterology 1971;61:178.
2. 2 Gadacz T, Zuidema G. Bile acid composition in patients with and without symptoms of postoperative reflux gastritis. Am J Surg 1978;135:48-52.
3. 3 Gillen P, Keeling P, Byrne PJ, et al. Implication of duodenogastric reflux in the pathogenesis of Barrett's oesophagus. Br J Surg 1988;75:540-3.
4. 4 Turjman N, Nair PP. Nature of tissue bound lithocholic acid and its implication in the role of bile acids in carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 1981;41:3761-3.
5. 5 Owen RW, Dodo M, Thompson MH, et al. The faecal ratio of lithocholic to deoxycholic acid may be important aetiological factor in colorectal cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 1984; 12:861-2.
6. 6 Dean PD, Whitehouse MW. Inhibition of hepatic sterol oxidation by cholanic (bile) acids and their conjugates. Biochim Biophys Acta 1967;137:328-34.
7. 7 Scholmerich J, Becher MS, Schmidt K, et al. Influence of hydroxylation and conjugation of bile acids on their membrane-damaging properties - studies on isolated hepatocytes and membrane vesicles. Hepatology 1984;4:661-6.
8. 8 Attwood SEA, Ball CS, Barlow AP, et al. Role of intragastric and intraesophageal alkalinisation in the genesis of complications in Barrett's columnar lined oesophagus. Gut 1993; 34:11-15.
9. 9 Mattioli S, Piloti V, Felice V, et al. Ambulatory 24-hr pH monitoring of esophagus, fundus and antrum: a new technique for simultaneous study of gastroesophageal and duodenogastric reflux. Dig Dis Sci 1990;35:929-38.
10. 10 Bechi P. Fiberoptic measurement of "alkaline" gastroesophageal reflux: technical aspects and clinical indications. Dis Eso 1994;7:131-8.
11. 11 Caldwell MTP, Byrne PJ, Brazil N, et al. An ambulatory bile reflux monitoring system: an in vitro appraisal. Physiol Meas 1994;15:57-65.
12. 12 Vaezi MF, LaCamera RG, Richter JE. Bilitec 2000 ambulatory duodenogastric reflux monitoring system. Studies on its validation and limitations. Am J Physiol 1994;30:1050-6.
13. 13 Dowling RH, Small DM. The effect of pH on the solubility of varying mixtures of free and conjugated bile acids in solution. Gastroenterology 1968;54:1291.
14. 14 Barthlen W, Libermann-Meffert D, Feussner H, et al. Effect of pH on human, pig and artificial bile acid preparation. Dis Eso 1994;7:27-30.
15. 15 Kivilaakso E, Fromm D, Silen W. Effect of bile salts and related compounds on isolated oesophageal mucosa. Surgery 1980;87:280-5.
16. 16 Lillemoe KD, Johnson LF, Harmon JW. Role of the components of the gastroduodenal contents in experimental acid esophagitis. Surgery 1982;92:276-84.
17. 17 Nehra D, Watt P, Pye JK, et al. Automated esophageal reflux sampler - a new device used to monitor bile acid reflux in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease. J Med Eng Technol 1997;21:1-9.
18. 18 Nehra D, Howell P, Pye JK, et al. Assessment of combined bile acid and pH profiles in using a new automated oesophageal reflux sampler in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Br J Surg 1998;85:134-7.
19. 19 Hopwood D, Bateson MC, Milne G, et al. Effects of bile acids and hydrogen ion on the fine structure of oesphageal epithelium. Gut 1981;22:306-11.
20. 20 Kappas A, Palmer RH. Selected aspects of steroid pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 1963;15:123-67.
21. 21 Pope JL, Parkinson TM, Olson JA. Action of bile salts on the metabolism and transport of water-soluble nutients by perfused rat jejunum in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta 1966;130: 218-32.
22. 22 Clark ML, Lanz HC, Senior JR. Bile salt regulation of fatty acid absorption and esterification in rat everted jejunal sacs in vitro and into thoracic duct lymph in vivo. J Clin Invest 1969;48:1587-99.
23. 23 Holt PR. Competitive inhibition of intestinal bile salt absorption in the rat. Am J Physiol 1966;210:635-9.
24. 24 Rosser BG, Gores GJ. Liver cell necrosis: cellular mechanisms and clinical implications. Gastroenterology 1995;108: 252-75.
25. 25 Johnsson F, Joelsson B, Floren CH, et al. Bile salts in the esophagus of patients with esophagitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1988;23:712-16.
26. 26 Iftikhar SY, Ledingham S, Steele RJC, et al. Bile reflux in columnar-lined Barrett's oesophagus. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1993;75:411-16.
27. 27 Stoker DL, Williams JG, Dewar EP, et al. The pH and concentration of bile in the oesophagus [abstract]. Gut 1988;29:A728-9.
28. 28 Gotley DC, Morgan AP, Cooper MJ. Bile concentrations in the refluxate of patients with reflux oesophagitis. Br J Surg 1988;75:587-90.
29. 29 Stein HJ, Feussner H, Kauer W, et al. Alkaline gastroesophageal reflux: assessment by ambulatory esophageal aspiration and pH monitoring. Am J Surg 1994;167:163-8.
30. 30 Safaie-Shirazi S. Effect of pepsin on the ionic permeability of canine esophageal mucosa. J Surg Res 1977;22:5-8.
31. 31 Salo J, Kivilaakso E. Contribution of trypsin and cholate to the pathogenesis of experimental alkaline reflux esophagitis. Scand J Gatroenterol 1984;19:875-81.
32. 32 Lillemoe KD, Johnson LF, Harmon JW. Alkaline oesophagitis: a comparison of the ability of components of gastroduodenal contents to injure the rabbit oesophagus. Gastroenterology 1983;85:621-8.
33. 33 Armstrong D, Rytina ER, Murphy GM, et al. Gastric mucosal toxicity of duodenal juice constituents in the rat. Acute studies using ex vivo rat gastric chamber model. Dig Dis Sci 1994;39:327-39.
34. 34 McKenzie D, Grayson T, Polk HC Jr. The impact of omeprazole and laparoscopy upon hiatal hernia and reflux esophagitis. J Am Coll Surg 1996;183:413-18.
35. 35 Batzri S, Harmon JW, Schweitzer EJ, et al. Bile acid accumulation in gastric mucosal cells. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1991;197:393-9.
36. 36 Goldstein JL, Schlesinger PK, Mozwecz HL, et al. Esophageal mucosal resistance - a factor in esophagitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1990;19:565-86.
37. 37 Domellof L, Reddy B, Weisburger JH. Microflora and deconjugation of bile acids in alkaline reflux after partial gastrectomy. Am J Surg 1980;140:291-4.
38. 38 Poxon VA, Morris DI, Youngs DJ, et al. Exposure to bile acids and bacteria over 24 hours following partial gastrectomy, vagotomy and pyloroplasty. World J Surg 1986;10: 981-9.
39. 39 Matikainen M, Laatikainen T, Kalima T, et al. Bile acid composition and oesophagitis after total gastrectomy. Am J Surg 1982;143:196-8.
40. 40 Karmelli Y, Stalnikowitz R, Eliakim R, et al. Conventional dose of omeprazole alters gastric flora. Dig Dis Sci 1995;40: 2070-3.
41. 41 Thorens J, Froehlich F, Schwizer W, et al. Bacterial overgrowth during treatment with omeprazole compared with cimetidine: a prospective randomised double blind study. Gut 1996;39:54-9.