Cooperative breedings in marmots

Oikos

Volumn 84, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 369-382

  Blumstein, Daniel T ^a,b   Armitage, Kenneth B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

^b MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COOPERATIVE BEHAVIOR; MAMMAL; MATING BEHAVIOR;

MARMOTA;

EID: 0032964774     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3546418     Document Type: Short Survey

References (128)

1. Anon, 1996. Conclusions and recommendations from the second international conference on marmots Aussois, Oct. 1994. In: Le Berre, M., Ramousse, R. and Le Guelte, L. (eds), Biodiversity in marmots. International Marmot Network. Moscow-Lyon, pp. 272.
2. Armitage, K. B. 1974. Male behaviour and territoriality in the yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris). - J. Zool. 172: 233-265.
3. Armitage, K. R. 1979. Food selectivity by yellow-bellied marmots. J. Mammal. 60: 628-629.
4. Armitage, K. B. 1981. Sociality as a life-history tactic of ground squirrels. Oecologia 48: 36-49.
5. Armitage, K. B. 1986. Marmot polygyny revisited: determinants of male and female reproductive strategies. - In: Rubenstein, D. I. and Wrangham, R, W. (eds), Ecological aspects of social evolution. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NY. pp. 303-331.
6. Armitage, K. B. 1989. The function of kin discrimination. -Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 1: 111-121.
7. Armitage, K. B. 1991. Social and population dynamics of yellow-bellied marmots: results from long-term research. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22: 379-407.
8. Armitage, K. B. 1992. Social organization and fitness strategies of marmots. In: Bassano, B., Durio, P., Gallo Orsi, U. and Macchi, E. (eds), Proceedings of 1st international symposium on alpine marmot (Marmota marmota) and on genus Marmota. Dipartmento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia ed Ecologia. Torino, Italy, pp. 89-94.
9. Armitage, K. B. 1996. Social dynamics, kinship, and population dynamics of marmots. In: Le Berre, M., Ramousse, R. and Le Guelte, L. (eds), Biodiversity in marmots. International Marmot Network, Moscow-Lyon, pp. 113-128.
10. Armitage, K. B. 1998. Reproductive strategies of yellow-bellied marmots energy conservation and differences between the sexes. J. Mammal. 79: 385-393.
11. Armitage, K. B. and Downhower, J. K. 1974. Demography of yellow-bellied marmot populations. Ecology 55: 1233-1245.
12. Armitage, K. B. and Gurri-Glass, G. F. 1994. Communal nesting in yellow-bellied marmot. - In: Rumiantsev, V. Y. (ed.), Actual problems of marmots investigation. ABF, Moscow, pp. 14-26.
13. Armitage, K. B. and Blumstein, D. T. 1999. Body mass diversity in marmots. - In: Armitage, K. B. and Rumiantsev, V. Y. (eds), Holarctic marmots as a factor of biodiversity. ABF and International Marmot Network, Moscow (in press).
14. Arnold, W. 1990a. The evolution of marmot sociality: I. Why disperse late? Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 27: 229-237.
15. Arnold, W. 1990b. The evolution of marmot sociality: II. Costs und benefits of joint hibernation. - Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 27: 239-246.
16. Arnold, W. 1992. Social evolution and obligatory group hibernation in marmots. - In: Bassano, B., Durio, P., Gallo Orsi, U. and Macchi, E. (eds). Proceedings of 1st international symposium on alpine marmot (Marmota marmota) and on genus Marmota. Dipartmento di Produzioni Animali. Epidemiologia ed Ecologia, Torino, Italy, pp. 41-54.
17. Arnold, W. 1993a. Social evolution in marmots and the adaptive value of joint hibernation. - Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 86: 79-93.
18. Arnold, W. 1993b. Energetics of social hibernation. - In: Carey, C., Florant, G. L., Wunder, B. A. and Horwitz, B. (eds), Life in the cold: ecological, physiological, and molecular mechanisms. Westview Press, Boulder, CO, pp. 65-80.
19. Arnold, W. and Lichtenstein, A. V. 1993. Ectoparasite loads decrease the fitness of alpine marmots (Marmota marmota) but are not a cost of sociality. Behav. Ecol. 4: 36-39.
20. Arnold, W. and Dittami, J. 1997. Reproductive suppression in male alpine marmots. Anim Behav 53: 53-66.
21. Arnold, W., Klinkicht, M., Rassmann, K. and Tantz, D. 1994. Molecular analysis of the mating system of alpine marmots (Marmota marmota). - Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 86: 27.
22. Bakko, E. B. and Brown, L. N. 1967. Breeding biology of the white-tailed prairie dog. Cynomys leucurus, in Wyoming. -J. Mammal. 48: 100-112.
23. Balph, D. F. and Stokes, A. W. 1963. On the ethology of Uinta ground squirrels. - Am. Midl. Nat. 69: 106-126.
24. Banish, D. P. 1973. The social biology of the Olympic marmot. Anim. Behav. Mongr. 6: 173-245.
25. Barash, D. P. 1974a. The evolution of marmot societies: a general theory. Science 185: 415-420.
26. Barash, D. P. 1974b. The social behavior of the hoary marmot (Marmota caligata). - Anim. Behav. 22: 256-261.
27. Barash, D. P. 1989. Marmots: social behavior and ecology. -Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, CA.
28. Berendyaev, S. A. and Kul'kova, N. A. 1965. On intraspecies relations of grey marmots. - Zool. Zh. 44: 110-116.
29. Bibikov, D. I. 1996. On the size of the marmots (Marmota), their annual cycle and adaptations to "short summers". In: Le Berre, M., Ramousse, R. and Le Guelte, L. (eds), Biodiversity in marmots. International Marmot Network. Moscow-Lyon, pp. 141-148.
30. Bibikow, D. I. 1996. Die murmeltiere der welt. - Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg.
31. Bibikov, D. I. and Berendaev, S. A. 1978. The Altai marmot. - In: Zimina, R. P. (ed.), Marmots: their distribution and ecology. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 39-78.
32. Blumstein, D. T. and Armitage, K. B. 1997. Does sociality drive the evolution of communicative complexity? A comparative test with ground-dwelling sciurid alarm calls. Am. Nat. 150: 179-200.
33. Blumstein, D. T. and Foggin, J. M. 1997. Effects of vegetative variation on weaning success, overwinter survival, and social group density in golden marmots (Marmota caudata aurea). - J. Zool. 243: 57-69.
34. Blumstein, D. T. and Armitage, K. B. 1998. Life history consequences of social complexity: a comparative study of ground-dwelling sciurids. - Behav. Ecol. 9: 8-19.
35. Blumstein, D. T. and Arnold, W. 1998. Ecology and social behavior of golden marmots (Marmota caudata aurea). J. Mammal. 79: 873-876.
36. Blumstein, D. T., Daniel, J. C. and Arnold, W. 1999. Survivorship of golden marmots (Marmota caudata aurea) in Pakistan. - In: Armitage, K. B. and Rumiantsev, V. Y. (eds), Holarctic marmots as a factor of biodiversity. ABF and International Marmot Network, Moscow (in press).
37. Bronson, F. H. 1964. Agonistic behaviour in woodchucks. -Anim. Behav. 12: 470-478.
38. Brown, J. L. 1987. Helping and communal breeding in birds. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ.
39. Brown, J. L. and Brown, E. R. 1990. Mexican jays: uncooperative breeding. In: Stacey, P. B. and Koenig, W. D. (eds), Cooperative breeding in birds. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 269-288.
40. Bryant, A. A. 1990. Genetic variability and minimum viable populations in the Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis). - M.E. Des. Thesis. Univ. Calgary.
41. Bryant, A. A. 1996. Reproduction and persistence of Vancouver Island marmots (Marmota vancouverensis) in natural and logged habitats. - Can. J. Zool. 74: 678-687.
42. Clark, T. W. 1977. Ecology and ethology of the white-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys leucurus). Publ. Biol. Geol. Milwaukee Pub. Mus. 3: 1-97.
43. Craig, J. L. and Jamieson, I. G. 1990. Pukeko: different approaches and some different answers. In: Stacey, P. B. and Koenig, W. D. (eds), Cooperative breeding in birds. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 387-412.
44. Creel, S. R. and Waser, P. M. 1997. Variation in reproductive suppression among dwarf mongooses: interplay between mechanisms and evolution. - In: Solomon, N. G. and French, J. A. (eds), Cooperative breeding in mammals. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 150-170.
45. Crespi, B. J. and Yanega, D. 1995. The definition of eusociality. Behav. Ecol. 6: 109-115.
46. Dunford, C. J. 1977a. Social systems of round-tailed ground squirrels. - Anim. Behav. 25: 885-906.
47. Dunford, C. J. 1977b. Behavioral limitation of round-tailed ground squirrel density. Ecology 58: 1254-1268.
48. Elliott, C. L. and Flinders, J. T. 1991. Spermophilus columbianus. - Mammal. Species 372: 1-9.
49. Emlen, S. T. 1997. Predicting family dynamics in social vertebrates. - In: Krebs, J. R. and Davies, N. B. (eds), Behavioural ecology: an evolutionary approach. Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp. 228-253.
50. Emlen, S. T. and Wrege, P. H. 1992. Parent-offspring conflict and the recruitment of helpers among bee-eaters. - Nature 356: 331-333.
51. Ferron, J. 1996. How do woodchucks (Marmota monax) cope with harsh winter conditions? - J. Mammal. 77: 412-416.
52. Festa-Bianchet, M. 1981. Reproduction in yearling female Columbian around squirrels Spermophilus columbianus. Can. J. Zool. 59: 1032-1066.
53. Florant, G. L., Hester, L., Ameenuddin, S. and Rintoul, D. A. 1993. The effect of a low essential fatty acid diet on hibernation in marmots. - Am. J. Physiol. 264: R747-R753.
54. French, J. A. 1997. Proximate regulation of singular breeding in callitrichid primates. In: Solomon, N. G. and French, J. A. (eds), Cooperative breeding in mammals. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 34-75.
55. Gittleman, J. L. 1985. Functions of communal care in mammals. - In: Greenwood, P. J., Harvey, P. H. and Slatkin, M. (eds), Evolution: essays in honour of John Maynard Smith. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, pp. 187-205.
56. Hamilton, W. D. 1971. Geometry for the selfish herd. J. Theor. Biol. 31: 295-311.
57. Harvey, P. H. and Pagel, M. D. 1991. The comparative method in evolutionary biology. - Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
58. Heard, D. C. 1977. The behaviour of Vancouver Island marmots. Marmota vancouverensis. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Victoria.
59. Holmes, W. G. 1984. The ecological basis of monogamy in Alaskan hoary marmots. - In: Murie, J. O. and Michener, G. R. (eds), The biology of ground-dwelling squirrels. Univ. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, pp. 250-274.
60. Honeycutt, R. L., Nelson, K., Schlitter, D. A. and Sherman, P. W. 1991. Genetic variation within and among populations of the naked mole-rat: evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. - In: Sherman, P. W., Jarvis, J. U. M. and Alexander, R. D. (eds), The biology of the naked mole-rat. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, pp. 195-208.
61. Hoogland, J. L. 1981. Nepotism and cooperative breeding in the black-tailed prairie dog (Sciuridae: Cynomys Iudovicianus). - In: Alexander, R. D. and Tinkle, D. W. (eds), Natural selection and social behavior. Chiron, New York, pp. 283-310.
62. Hoogland, J. L. 1983. Black-tailed prairie dog coteries are cooperatively breeding units. - Am. Nat. 121: 275-280.
63. Hoogland, J. L. 1995. The black-tailed prairie dog: social life of a burrowing mammal. - Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
64. Ismagilov, M. I. 1956. Material on the ecology of the Tien-Shan marmot (Marmota bobac centralis Thom.). Zool. Zh. 35: 908-915.
65. Jennions, M. D. and Macdonald, D. W. 1994. Cooperative breeding in mammals. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 9: 89-93.
66. Johns, D. W. and Armitage, K. B. 1979. Behavioral ecology of alpine yellow-bellied marmots. - Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 5: 133-157.
67. Kapitonov, V. I. 1978. Black-capped marmot. - In: Zimina, R. P. (ed.), The marmots: distribution and ecology. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 126-157.
68. Keane, B., Creel, S. R. and Waser, P. M. 1996. No evidence of inbreeding avoidance or inbreeding depression in a social carnivore. - Behav. Ecol. 7: 480-489.
69. Keller, L. and Reeve, H. K. 1994. Partitioning of reproduction in animal societies. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 9: 98-102.
70. Knopf, F. R. and Balph, D. F. 1977. Annual periodicity of Uinta ground squirrels. - Southwest Nat. 22: 213-224.
71. Koenig, W. D. and Pitelka, F. A. 1979. Relatedness and inbreeding avoidance: counterploys in the communally nesting acorn woodpecker. - Science 206: 1103-1105.
72. Koenig, W. D. and Mumme, R. L. 1987. Population ecology of the cooperatively breeding acron woodpecker. - Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ.
73. Koenig, W. D. and Stacey, P. B. 1990. Acorn woodpeckers: group-living and food storage under contrasting ecological conditions. - In: Stacey, P. B. and Koenig, W. D. (eds), Cooperative breeding in birds. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 415-453.
74. Koenig, W. D., Pitelka, F. A., Carmen, W. J., Mumme, R. L. and Stanback, M. T. 1992. The evolution of delayed dispersal in cooperative breeders. - Q. Rev. Biol. 67: 111-150.
75. Koenig, W. D., Haydock, J. and Stanback, M. T. 1998. Reproductive roles in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker: incest avoidance versus reproductive competition. - Am. Nat. 151: 243-255.
76. Koford, R. R., Bowen, B. S. and Vehrencamp, S. L. 1990. Groove-billed anis: joint-nesting in a tropical cuckoo. In: Stacey, P. B. and Koenig, W. D. (eds), Cooperative breeding in birds. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 335-355.
77. Komdeur, J. and Deerenberg, C. 1997. The importance of social behavior studies for conservation. In: Clemmons, J. R. and Buchholz, R. (eds), Behavioral approaches to conservation in the wild. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 262-276.
78. Komdeur, J., Huffstadt, A., Prast, W., Castle, G., Mileto, R. and Wattel, J. 1995. Transfer experiments of Seychelles warblers to new islands: changes in dispersal and helping behaviour. Anim. Behav. 49: 695-708.
79. Kruckenhauser, L., Miller, W. J., Preleuthner, M. and Pinsker, W. 1996. Differentiation of alpine marmot populations traced by DNA fingerprinting. - J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 35: 143-149.
80. LeBerre, M., Allainé, D., Rodrigue, I., Olenev, G. V., Lagunov, A. V. and Zakharov, V. D. 1994. Some questions of the ecology of steppe marmot in the southern Urals (analyis of the action of environmental factors). Russian J. Ecol. 25: 36-41.
81. Lenihan, C. and Van Vuren, D. 1996. Costs and benefits of sociality in yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris): do noncolonial females have lower fitness? Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 8: 177-189.
82. Letov, G. F. 1978. Tarbagan. - In: Zimina, R. P. (ed.), Marmots: their distribution and ecology. Nauka. Moscow, pp. 152-154.
83. Ligon, J. D. and Ligon, S. H. 1990. Green woodhoopoes: life history traits and sociality. - In: Stacey, P. B. and Koenig, W. D. (eds), Cooperative breeding in birds. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 33-65.
84. Lucas, J. R., Creel, S. R. and Waser, P. M. 1997. Dynamic optimization and cooperative breeding: an evaluation of future fitness effects. - In: Solomon, N. G. and French, J. A. (eds), Cooperative breeding in mammals. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 171-198.
85. Madison, D. M. 1984. Group nesting and its ecological and evolutionary significance in overwintering microtine rodents. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ. 10: 267-274.
86. Maschkin, V. I. 1982. New materials on ecology of Marmota menzbieri (Rodentia, sciuridae). - Zool. Zh. 61: 278-289.
87. Meier, P. T. 1992. Social organization of woodchucks (Marmota monax). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 31: 393-400.
88. Michener, G. R. 1983. Kin identification, matriarchies, and the evolution of sociality in ground-dwelling sciurids. - In: Eisenberg, J. K. and Kleiman, D. G. (eds), Advances in the study of mammalian behavior. The American Society of Mammalogists, pp. 528-572.
89. Michener, G. R. and Murie, J. O. 1983. Black-tailed prairie dog coteries: are they cooperatively breeding units? Am. Nat. 121: 266-274.
90. Mikhilyuta, A. A. 1991. The study of family groups of gray marmots. - In: Bibikov, D. I., Nikolkki, A. A., Rumiantzev, V. J. and Seredneva, T. A. (eds), Population structure of the marmot. USSR Theriological Soc., Moscow, pp. 172-187.
91. Moehlman, P. D. and Hofer, H. 1997. Cooperative breeding, reproductive suppression, and body mass. In: Solomon, N. G. and French, J. A. (eds), Cooperative breeding in mammals. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 76-128.
92. Mosolov, V. I. and Tokarsky, V. A. 1994. The black-capped marmot (Marmota camtschatica Pall.) in the Kronotsky Reserve. - In: Rumiantsev, V. Y. (ed.), Actual problems of marmots investigation. ABF, Moscow, pp. 98-110.
93. Murie, J. O., Boag, D. A. and Kivett, V. K. 1980. Litter size in Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus). - J. Mammal. 61: 237-244.
94. Neal, B. J. 1965. Seasonal changes in body weights, fat depositions, adrenal glands, and temperatures of Citellus tereticaudus and Citellus harrisii (Rodentia). - Southwest, Nat. 10: 156-166.
95. Nekipelov, N. V. 1978. Tarbagan in southeast Zabaikal, - In: Zimina, R. P. (ed.), Marmots: their distribution and ecology. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 164-177.
96. Packer, C., Lewis, S. and Pusey, A. 1992. A comparative analysis of non-offspring nursing. - Anim. Behav. 43: 265-281.
97. Pole, S. B. 1992 Dynamics of the grey marmot population structure and size and the mechanisms of their restoration in the Tien-Shan natural plague focus. In: Bassano, B., Durio, P., Gallo Orsi, U. and Macchi, E. (eds), Proceedings of 1st international symposium on alpine marmot (Marmota marmota) and on genus Marmota. Dipartmento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia ed Ecologia, Torino, Italy, pp. 129-133.
98. Preleuthner, M. and Pinsker, W. 1993. Depauperated gene pools in Marmota m. marmota are caused by an ancient bottle neck: electrophoretic analysis of wild populations from Austria and Switzerland. - Acta Theriol. 38 S121-S139.
99. Pusey, A. and Wolf, M. 1996. Inbreeding avoidance in animals. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 11: 201-206.
100. Rassmann, K., Arnold, W. and Tautz, D. 1994. Low genetic variability in a natural alpine marmot population (Marmota marmota, Sciuridae) revealed by DNA fingerprinting. Mol. Ecol. 3: 347-353.
101. Rausch, R. L. and Bridgens, J. G. 1989. Structure and function of sudoriferous facial glands in Nearctic marmots, Marmota spp. (Rodentia: Sciuridae). - Zool. Anz. 223: 265-282.
102. Rayor, L. S. 1985. Effects of habitat quality on growth, age of firs reproduction, and dispersal in Gunnison's prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni). - Can. J. Zool. 63: 2835-2840.
103. Rayor, L. S. 1988. Social organization and space-use in Gunnison's prairie dog. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 22: 69-78.
104. Reyer, H. U. 1986. Breeder-helper-interactions in the Pied Kingfisher reflect the costs and benefits of cooperative breeding. Behaviour 96: 277-303.
105. Rowely, I., Russell, L. and Brooker, M. 1993. Inbreeding in birds. In: Thornhill, N. W. (ed.), The natural history of inbreeding and outbreeding: theoretical and empirical perspectives. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 304-328.
106. Schwartz, O. A. and Armitage, K. B. 1980. Genetic variation in social mammals: the marmot model. Science 207: 665-667.
107. Sherman, P. W. 1980. The limits of ground squirrel nepotism. - In: Barlow, G. W. and Silverberg, J. (eds), Sociobiology: beyond nature nurture? Westview Press, Boulder, CO, pp. 505-544.
108. Sherman, P. W., Lacey, E. A., Reeve, H. K. and Keller, L. 1995. The eusociality continuum. - Behav. Ecol. 6: 102-108.
109. Shields, W. M. 1993. The natural and unnatural history of inbreeding and outbreeding. - In: Thornhill, N. W. (ed.), The natural history of inbreeding and outbreeding: theoretical and empirical perspectives. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 143-169.
110. Shubin, I. G., Abelentsev, V. I. and Semikhatova, S. N. 1978. The steppe marmot. In: Zimina, R. P. (ed.), Marmots: their distribution and ecology. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 10-38.
111. Slade, N. A. and Balph, D. F. 1974. Population ecology of Uinta ground squirrels. - Ecology 55: 989-1003.
112. Snyder, R. L. 1962. Reproductive performance of a population of woodchucks after a change in the sex ratio. -Ecology 43: 506-515.
113. Snyder, R. L., Davis, D. E. and Christian, J. J. 1961. Seasonal changes in the weights of woodchucks. J. Mammal. 42: 297-312.
114. Solomon, N. G. 1991. Current indirect fitness benefits associated with philopatry in juvenile prairie voles. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 29: 277-282.
115. Solomon, N. G. and French, J. A. 1997. The study of mammalian cooperative breeding. - In: Solomon, N. G. and French, J. A. (eds), Cooperative breeding in mammals. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 1-10.
116. Solomon, N. G. and Getz, L. L. 1997. Examination of alternative hypotheses for coooperative breeding in rodents. In: Solomon, N. G. and French, J. A. (eds), Cooperative breeding in mammals. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 199-230.
117. Stacey, P. B. and Koenig, W. D. (eds) 1990. Cooperative breeding in birds: long-term studies of ecology and behavior. - Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
118. Suntzov, V. V. 1981. The territorial structure of the population and intraspecies relations of Mongolian bobaks (Marmota sibirica) in Tuva. - Zool. Zh. 60: 1394-1405.
119. Tileston, J. V. and Lechleitner, R. R. 1966. Some comparisons of the black-tailed and white-tailed prairie does in North-Central Colorado. - Am. Midl. Nat. 75: 292-316.
120. Tokarsky, V. A. 1996. Biology, behaviour and breeding blackcapped marmots (Marmota camtschatica Pall.) in captivity. In: Le Berre, M., Ramousse, R., and Le Guelte, L. (eds), International Marmot Network, Moscow, pp. 257-260.
121. Van Vuren, D. 1990. Dispersal of yellow-bellied marmots. -Ph.D. thesis. Univ. Kansas.
122. Van Vuren, D. and Armitage, K. B. 1994. Survival of dispersing and philopatric yellow-bellied marmots: what is the cost of dispersal? - Oikos 69: 179-181.
123. Vasilev, V. N. 1992. Hibernation in black-capped marmot (Marmota camtschatica Pallas, 1811). In: Proceedings of 1st international symposium on alpine marmot (Marmota marmota) and on genus Marmota. Dipartmento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia ed Ecologia, Torino, Italy, pp. 67-68.
124. Vasilev, V. N. and Solomonov, N. G. 1996. Body temperature and metabolism in hibernating marmots (Marmota camtschatica Pallas, 1811). - In: Le Berre, M., Ramousse, R. and Le Guelte, L. (eds), Biodiversity in marmots. International Marmot Network, Moscow-Lyon, pp. 265-266.
125. Waser, P. M., Austad, S. N. and Keane, B. 1986. When should animals tolerate inbreeding? Am. Nat. 128: 529-537.
126. Wasser, S. K. and Barash, D. P. 1983. Reproductive supression among female mammals: implications for biomedicine and sexual selection theory. - Q. Rev Biol. 58: 513-538.
127. Zimina, R. P. (ed.) 1978. Marmots: their distribution and ecology. - Nauka, Moscow.
128. Zimina, R. P. and Gerasimov, I. P. 1973. The periglacial expansion of marmots (Marmota) in middle Europe during late Pliestocene. - J. Mammal, 54: 327-340.