Biofeedback and relaxation techniques improve running economy in sub- elite long distance runners

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 31, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 717-722

  Caird, Sarah Jane ^a   McKenzie, Alexander Duncan ^a   Sleivert, Gordon Grant ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Biofeedback; Heart rate; Relaxation; Running economy; Ventilation

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BREATHING PATTERN; ENDURANCE; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMAN; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; RELAXATION TRAINING; RUNNING;

BIOFEEDBACK (PSYCHOLOGY); FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; RELAXATION TECHNIQUES; RUNNING; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0032957034     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199905000-00015     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. BENSON, H., M. M. GREENWOOD, and H. KLEINCHUCK. The relaxation response: psychophysiologic aspects and clinical applications. Int. J. Psych. Med. 6:87-98, 1975.
2. 2 consumption during exercise with elicitation of the relaxation response. J. Hum. Stress 4:38-42, 1978.
3. CAVANAGH, P. R. and R. KRAM. Mechanical and muscular factors affecting the efficiency of human movement. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 17:326-331, 1985.
4. COHEN, J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (Rev. Ed.). New York: Academic Press, 1977, pp. 19-27.
5. CONLEY, D. and O. KRAHENBUHL. Running economy and distance running performance of highly trained athletes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 12:357-360, 1980.
6. CONLEY, D., G. KRAHENBUHL, and L. BURKETT. Training for aerobic capacity and running economy. Physician Sportsmed. 9:107-115, 1981.
7. CREWS, D. Psychological state and running economy. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 24:475-482, 1992.
8. GOLDSTEIN, D. S., R. S. ROSS, and J. C. BRADY. Biofeedback heart rate during exercise. Biofeed. Self-Regul. 2:107-125, 1977.
9. GOODE, K. T. and D. L. ROTH. Factor analysis of cognitions during running: association with mood change. J. Sport Exerc. Psych. 15:375-389, 1993.
10. GOULD, D. and E. UDRY. Psychological skills for enhancing performance: arousal regulation strategies. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 26:478-485, 1994.
11. GREEN, E. and A. GREEN. Beyond Biofeedback. New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1977, pp. 1-369.
12. HATFIELD, B., T. SPALDING, A. MAHON, B. SLATER, E. BRODY, and P. VACCARO. The effect of psychological strategies on cardiorespiratory and muscle activity. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 24:218-225,1992.
13. HILL, D. W., D. O. BORDEN, K. M. DARNABY, D. N. HENDRICKS, and C. M. HILL. Effect of time of day on aerobic and anaerobic responses to high-intensity exercise. Can. J. Sport Sci. 17:316-319, 1992.
14. JACOBSEN, E. The course of relaxation in muscles of athletes. Am. J. Psych. 48:98-108, 1936.
15. JOYNER, M. J. Modeling: optimal marathon performance on the basis of physiological factors. J. Appl. Physiol. 70:683-687, 1991.
16. LO, C. and D. JOHNSTON. The self control of the cardiovascular response to exercise using feedback of the product of interbeat interval and pulse transit time. Psychosom. Med. 46:115-125, 1984.
17. MORGAN, D. and M. CRAIB. Physiological aspects of running economy. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 24:456-461, 1992.
18. 2max among well-trained male runners. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 21:78-83, 1989.
19. MORGAN, W. P. Psychogenic factors and exercise metabolism: a review. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 17:309-316, 1985.
20. MORGAN, W. P., P. J. O'CONNOR, P. B. SPARLING, and R. R. PATE. Psychological characterization of the elite female distance runner. Int. J. Sports Med. 8(Suppl. 2):124-131, 1987.
21. MORGAN, W. P. and M. POLLOCK. Psychologic characterization of the elite distance runner. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 301:382-403, 1977.
22. NIDEFFER, R. M. The Inner Athlete. New York: Crowell, 1970, pp. 1-149.
23. PATWARDTHAN, A. R., S. VALLURAPALLI, J. M. EVANS, E. N. BRUCE, and C. F. KNAPP. Override of spontaneous respiratory pattern generator reduces cardiovascular parasympathetic influence. J. Appl. Physiol. 79:1048-1054, 1995.
24. PERSKI, A., S. TZANKOFF, and B. ENGEL. Central control of cardiovascular adjustments to exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 58:431-435, 1985.
25. SCHUTZ, R. W. and M. E. GESSAROLI. The analysis of repeated measures designs involving multiple dependent variables. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport 58:132-149, 1987.
26. SCOTT, B. K. and J. A. HOUMARD. Peak running velocity is highly related to distance running performance. Int. J. Sports Med. 15: 504-507, 1994.
27. SLEIVERT, G. and H. A. WENGER. Physiological predictors of short course triathlon performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 25:871-876, 1993.
28. SNELL, P. Middle distance running. In: Psychology of Sports, T. Reilly, N. Secher, P. Snell, and C. Williams (Ed.). Suffolk, UK: St. Edmundsbury Press, 1990, pp. 101-120.
29. THODEN, J. Testing aerobic power. In: Physiological Testing of the High Performance Athlete, J. D. MacDougall, H. A. Wenger, and H. J. Green (Eds.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1991, pp. 107-173.
30. WILLIAMS, T., G. KRAHENBUHL, and D. MORGAN. Daily variation in running economy of moderately trained male runners. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 23:944-948, 1991.
31. WOLF, S. I. Biofeedback applications in rehabilitation medicine: implications for performance in sports. In: Biofeedback and Sports Science, J. H. Sand Weiss and S. I. Wolf (Ed.). New York: Plenum Press, 1985, pp. 1-31.
32. ZAICHOWSLZY, L. and C. FUCHS. Biofeedback applications in exercise and athletic performance. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 16:381-421, 1988.
33. ZIEGLER, S. G., J. KLINZING, and K. WILLIAMSON. Effects of two stress management programs on cardiorespiratory efficiency. J. Sport Psych. 4:280-289, 1982.