'Subthreshold' mental disorders: A review and synthesis of studies on minor depression and other 'brand names'

British Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 174, Issue APR., 1999, Pages 288-296

  Pincus, Harold Alan ^a   Davis, Wendy Wakefield ^a   Mcqueen, Laurie E ^a  

^a AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL OBSERVATION; DEPRESSION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE DURATION; MENTAL DISEASE; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; REVIEW;

EID: 0032955495     PISSN: 00071250     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.174.4.288     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn) (DSM-III).Washington, DC: APA.
2. _ (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn) (DSM - IV). Washington, DC: APA.
3. -(1996) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn) Primary Care Version (DSM-IV-PC). Washington, DC: APA.
4. Angst, J. (1990) Recurrent brief depression: a new concept of depression. Pharmacopsychiatry, 23, 63-66.
5. _, Merikenges, K., Scheiddeger, P., et al (1990) Recurrent brief depression: a new subtype of affective disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 19, 87-98.
6. Broadhead, W. E., Blazer, D. G., George, L. K., et al (1990) Depression, disability days, and days lost from work in a prospective epidemiologic survey. Journal of the American Medical Association, 264, 2524-2528.
7. Chochinov, H. M., Wilson, K. G., Enns, M., et al (1994) Prevalence of depression in the terminally ill: effects of diagnostic criteria and symptom threshold judgments. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 537-540.
8. Coulehan, J. L., Schulberg, H. C., Block, M. R., et al (1990) Depressive symptomatology and medical co-morbidity in a primary care clinic. International Journal of Psychiatry, 20, 335-347.
9. DeGruy, F.V. & Pincus, H. A. (1996) The DSM-IV-PC: a manual for diagnosing mental disorders in the primary care setting. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice. 9, 271-281.
10. Frances, A. (1998) Problems in defining clinical significance in epidemiological studies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 119.
11. Froom, J., Aoyama, H., Hermoni, D., et al (1995) Depressive disorder in three primary care populations: United States, Israel, Japan. Family Practice, 12, 274-278.
12. Hance, M., Carney, R. M., Freedland, K. E., et al (1996) Depression in patients with coronary heart disease: a 12 month follow up. General Hospital Psychiatry, 18, 61-65.
13. Horwarth, E., Johnson, J., Klerman, G. L., et al (1992) Depressive symptoms as relative and attributable risk factors for first-onset major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 817-823.
14. Hudziak, J. J., Heath, A. C., Madden, P. F., et al (1988) Latent class and factor analysis of DSM-IV ADHD: a twin study of female adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 848-857.
15. Jaffe, A., Froom, J. & Galambos, N. (1994) Minor depression and functional impairment. Archives of Family Medicine, 3, 1081-1086.
16. Johnson, J., Weissman, M. M. & Klerman, G. L. (1992) Service utilization and social morbidity associated with depressive symptoms in the community. Journal of the American Medical Association, 267, 1478-1483.
17. Judd, L. L., Rapaport, M. H., Paulus, M. P., et al (1994) Subsyndromal symptomatic depression: a new mood disorder? Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55, 18-28.
18. Kasper, S., Rurhmann, S., Haase, T., et al (1992) Recurrent brief depression and its relationship to seasonal affective disorders. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 242, 20-26.
19. _, _, _, et al (1994) Evidence for a seasonal form of recurrent brief depression. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 244, 205-210.
20. Katon, W., Lin, E., VonKorff, M., et al (1994) The predictors of persistence of depression in primary care. Journal of Affective Disorders, 31, 81-90.
21. Keller, M. B., Klein, D. N., Hirschfeld, R. M., et al (1995) Results of the DSM - IV mood disorders field trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 843-849.
22. Kirmayer, L. J., Bobbins, J. M., Dworkind, M., et al (1993) Somatization and the recognition of depression and anxiety in primary care. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 734-741.
23. Klinkman, M. S. (1997) Competing demands in psychosocial care: a model for the identification and treatment of depressive disorders in primary care. General Hospital Psychiatry, 19, 98-111.
24. Maier, W., Lichtermann, D., Mlnges, J., et al (1992) The risk of minor depression in families of probands with major depression: sex differences and familiality. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 242, 89-92.
25. _, Herr, R., Lichtermann, D., et al (1994a) Brief depression among patients in general practice. Prevalence and variation by recurrence and severity. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 244, 190-195.
26. _, _, Gansicke, M., et al (1994b) Recurrent brief depression in general practice. Clinical features, comorbidity with other disorders, and need for treatment. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 244, 196-204.
27. Mino, Y., Aoyama, H., Froom, J., et al (1994) Depressive disorders in Japanese primary care patients. Family Practice, 11, 363-367.
28. Miranda, J. & Munoz, R. (1994) Intervention for minor depression in primary care patients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 56, 136-141.
29. Montgomery, S. A., Montgomery, D., Baldwin, D., et al (1990) The duration, nature and recurrence rate of brief depressions. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 14, 729-735.
30. Olfson, M., Broadhead, W. E., Weissman, M. M., et al (1996) Subthreshold psychiatric conditions in a prepaid primary care group practice. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 880-886.
31. Oxman, T. E., Barrett, J. E., Barrett, H. J., et at (1990) Symptomatology of lale-life minor depression among primary rare patients. Psychosomatics, 31, 174-180.
32. Pincus, H. A., Frances, A. F., Davis, W.W., et al (1992) DSM-IV and new diagnostic categories: holding the line on proliferation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 112-117.
33. Regier, D. A., Narrow, W. E., Rae, D. S., et al (1993) The de facto U.S. mental health and addictive disorders service system. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 85-94.
34. Rost, K., Smith, R., Matthews, D. B., et al (1994) The deliberate misdiagnosis of major depression. Archives of Family Medicine, 3, 333-337.
35. Roy-Byrne, P., Katon, W., Broadhead, W. E., et al (1994) Subsyndromal ('mixed') anxiety-depression in primary care. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 9, 507-512.
36. Sherbourne, C. D., Wells, K. B., Hays, R. D., et al (1994) Subthreshold depression and depressive disorder: clinical characteristics of general medical and mental health specialty outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1777-1784.
37. Simon, G. E. & VonKorff, M. (1995) Recognition, management, and outcomes of depression in primary care. Archives of Family Medicine, 4, 99-105.
38. Skodol, A. E., Schwartz, S., Dohrenwend, B. P., et al (1994) Minor depression in a cohort of young adults in Israel. Archives of General Psychaitry, 51, 542-551.
39. Staner, L., De La Fuente, J. M., Kerkhofs, M., et al (1992) Biological and clinical features of recurrent brief depression: a comparison with major depressed and health subjects. Journal of Affective Disorders, 26, 241-245.
40. Stein, M. B., Kirk, P., Prabhu, V., et at (1995) Mixed anxiety depression in a primary care clinic. Journal of Affective Disorders, 34, 79-84.
41. Sugar, C. A., Sturm, R., Lee, T.T., et al (1998) Empirically defined healths states for depression from the SF-12. Health Services Research, 34, 911-928.
42. Tollefson, G. D., Souetre, E., Thomander, L., et al (1993) Comorbid anxious signs and symptoms in major depression: impact on functional work capacity and comparative treatment outcomes. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 8, 281-293.
43. Tudor, S. & Zaharla, M. (1994) Comparative study of the treatment with letracyclic and tricyclic antidepressants in patients with minor depressive disorders. Romanian Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry 32, 185-198.
44. Weiller, E., Boyer, P., Lepine, J. P., et al (1994a) Prevalence of recurrent brief depression in primary care. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 244, 174-181.
45. _, LeCrubier, Y., Maier, W., et al (1994b) The relevance of recurrent brief depression in primary care: a report from the WHO project on Psychological Problems in General Health Care conducted in 14 countries. Special issue: Recurrent brief depression.
46. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 244, 182-189.
47. Wells, K. B., Burnam, M. A., Rogers, W., et al (1992) The course of depression in adult outpatients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 489, 788-794.
48. Williams, J.W., Kerber, C. A., Mulrow, C. D., et al (1995) Depressive disorders in primary care: prevalence, functional disability, and identification Journal of General Internal Medicine, 10, 7-12.
49. Winter, P., Philipp, M., Buller, R., et al (1991) Identification of minor affective disorders and implications for psychopharmacotherapy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 22, 125-133.
50. Wittchen, H. U. & Essau, C. A. (1993) Comorbidity and mixed anxiety depressive disorders: is there epidemiologic evidence? Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 54, 9-15.
51. World Health Organization (1993) The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders: Diagnostic: Criteria for Research. Geneva: WHO.
52. _ (1996) Diagnostic and Management Guidelines for Mental Disorders in Primary Care: ICD 10 Chapter V Primary Care Version. Göttingen. Germany: WHO/Hogrefe & Huber.
53. _ (1997) Classification of Dysthymia and Related Conditions in Neurological Diseases: Recommendations for the Clinical Descriptions and Criteria for Research: Version for field trials. Geneva: Division of Mental Health and Prevention of Substance Abuse. WHO.
54. Zinbarg, R. E., Barlow, D. H., Liebowitz, M., et al (1994) The DSM IV field trial for mixed anxiety depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1153-1162.